1、October 2016 English price group 13No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen). !%19“2581422www.din.deDIN EN 19694-
2、4Stationary source emissions Determination of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in energyintensive industries Part 4: Aluminium industry;English version EN 196944:2016,English translation of DIN EN 19694-4:2016-10Emissionen aus stationren Quellen Bestimmung von Treibhausgasen (THG) aus energieintensive
3、n Industrien Teil 4: Aluminiumindustrie;Englische Fassung EN 196944:2016,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 19694-4:2016-10missions de sources fixes Dtermination des missions de gaz effet de serre (GES) dans les industries nergointensives Partie 4: Industrie de laluminium;Version anglaise EN 196944:201
4、6,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 19694-4:2016-10www.beuth.deDocument comprises 26 pagesDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.ICS 13.040.40This standard has been included in the VDI/DIN Handbook on air quality, Volume 2. 10.
5、16 DIN EN 19694-4:2016-10 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 Air quality”, Working Group WG 33 “Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in energy-intensive industries”. The responsible German body involved in its prepar
6、ation was the Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft im VDI und DIN Normenausschuss KRdL (Commission on Air Pollution Prevention of VDI and DIN Standards Committee KRdL), Section I Umweltschutztechnik. “EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 19694-4 July 2016 ICS 13.040.40 English Version Sta
7、tionary source emissions - Determination of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in energy-intensive industries - Part 4: Aluminium industry missions de sources fixes - Dtermination des missions de gaz effet de serre (GES) dans les industries nergo-intensives - Partie 4: Industrie de laluminium Emissionen
8、 aus stationren Quellen - Bestimmung von Treibhausgasen (THG) aus energieintensiven Industrien - Teil 4: Aluminiumindustrie This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 May 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving th
9、is European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official
10、versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Aust
11、ria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Swede
12、n, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN
13、national Members. Ref. No. EN 19694-4:2016 EEN 19694-4:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions . 5 4 List of abbreviated terms . 5 5 Symbols, units and chemical formulae 6 5.1 Symbols and units . 6 5.2 Chemical formulae
14、 7 6 Calculation methods General remarks. 8 6.1 Introduction 8 6.2 Calculation methods for process GHG emissions from primary aluminium production . 8 6.3 Sources of carbon dioxide 9 6.4 Sources of PFC 9 7 Methods for calculation of process carbon dioxide emissions 10 7.1 General . 10 7.2 Tier 1 Met
15、hod using process specific equations with technology typical parameters for carbon dioxide emissions . 10 7.3 Tier 2 Method using process specific equations with facility specific parameters for carbon dioxide emissions . 10 7.4 Calculation of carbon dioxide emissions from prebake processes 10 7.5 B
16、aking furnace carbon dioxide emissions 12 7.6 Calculation of carbon dioxide emissions from the Sderberg process. 16 8 Methods for calculation of PFC emissions . 18 8.1 Introduction . 18 8.2 Tier 1 method for calculating PFC emissions . 18 8.3 Tier 2 method for calculating PFC emissions . 19 8.4 Calc
17、ulation of PFC emissions from aluminium reduction processes 19 8.5 Verification of GHG calculation . 22 9 Key performance indicators. 22 Bibliography . 24 DIN EN 19694-4:2016-10 EN 19694-4:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 19694-4:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 26
18、4 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by Janua
19、ry 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate M/478 given to CEN by the Eur
20、opean Commission and the European Free Trade Association. EN 19694, Stationary source emissions Determination of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in energy-intensive industries is a series of standards that consists of the following parts: Part 1: General aspects Part 2: Iron and steel industry Part 3
21、: Cement industry Part 4: Aluminium industry Part 5: Lime industry Part 6: Ferroalloy industry According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus
22、, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United K
23、ingdom. DIN EN 19694-4:2016-10 EN 19694-4:2016 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard serves the following purposes: measuring, testing and quantifying GHG emissions from the aluminium industry; assessing the level of GHG emissions performance of production processes over time, at production site
24、s; establishing and providing reliable, accurate and quality information for reporting and verification purposes. This European Standard can be used to measure, report and compare the GHG emissions of an aluminium production facility. Data for individual facilities, sites or works may be combined to
25、 measure, report and compare GHG emissions for a company, corporation or group. Direct fuel based emissions are not included; for calculation of this part of the GHG emissions, see EN 196941. The European Standard deals with sector-specific aspects for the determination of greenhouse gas (GHG) emiss
26、ions from aluminium production and is based on documents mentioned under tier 3 of Section 4.4.2.4 of the 2006 IPCC guidelines 6. DIN EN 19694-4:2016-10 EN 19694-4:2016 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a harmonized method for calculating the emissions of greenhouse gases from the elect
27、rolysis section of primary aluminium smelters and aluminium anode baking plants. It also specifies key performance indicators for the purpose of benchmarking of aluminium. This also defines the boundaries. NOTE Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling wi
28、thin the scope of this standard. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referen
29、ced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 19694-1, Stationary source emissions Determination of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in energy-intensive industries Part 1: General aspects 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 19694-1 and
30、 the following apply. 3.1 aluminium electrolysis section of an aluminium primary smelter where aluminium is converted from aluminium oxide to aluminium metal in electrolysis cells 3.2 anode baking plant production of carbon anodes for use in aluminium prebake electrolysis cells 3.3 PFC gases gas emi
31、tted from aluminium electrolysis consisting of CF4and C2F63.4 grid specific CO2factor CO2factor (t CO2/MWh) associated with the electricity delivered to a specific aluminium smelter from their supplier 4 List of abbreviated terms AE Anode effect CWPB Centre-Worked prebake DAE Direct anode emissions
32、DEE Direct electrolysis emissions GHG Green House Gas DIN EN 19694-4:2016-10 EN 19694-4:2016 (E) 6 HSS Horizontal Stud Sderberg IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change PFPB Point Feeder prebake SWPB Side-Worked prebake TIE Electrolysis electricity consumption VSS Vertical Stud Sderberg WBCSD
33、World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) WRI World Resources Institute 5 Symbols, units and chemical formulae 5.1 Symbols and units Symbol Quantity Unit AEMAnode effects, (= frequency x average duration) minutes/cell day AEOAnode effect overvoltage millivolts ANC Net anode consumpt
34、ion wt % AshaAsh content in baked anodes wt % AshpAsh content in pitch in weight % wt % AshpcAsh content in packing coke, wt % wt % BA Baked anode production tonne/year BAW Baked anode weight tonne CBACarbon content of baked anodes, wt % CButtCarbon content of anode butts tonne/year CECurrent effici
35、ency for aluminium production % CSMEmissions of cyclohexane soluble matter, kilograms per tonnes aluminium kg/tonne 4CFE Emissions of tetrafluoromethane, kg CF4per year kg/year 26CFEEmissions of hexafluoroethane, kg C2F6per year kg/year 2COECO2emissions in tonnes per year tonne/year EFPCEmission fac
36、tor of Packing Coke, tCO2/t of Packing Coke tonne DIN EN 19694-4:2016-10 EN 19694-4:2016 (E) 7 Symbol Quantity Unit 264CFCFFWeight fraction of 264CFCFdimensionless GAWeight of loaded green anodes =AWAWGBAB tonne/year GAW Green anode weight tonne GWPGlobal warming potential. Use latest GWPdata from I
37、PCC tonnes CO2equivalent/tonne Hw Hydrogen content in green anode wt % MBATotal mass of baked anodes tonne/year MButtTotal mass of anode butts tonne/year MPTonnes aluminium per year tonne/year NACNet anode consumption, tonnes per tonnes aluminium tonne/year OFPCOxidation factor of packing coke (typi
38、cally 1 for this stream) dimensionless OVCOvervoltage coefficient for CF4kgCF4/tAl/mV PCPaste consumption, tonnes per tonnes aluminium tonne PCCPacking coke consumed per tonnes of baked anode tonne PCWPacking coke weight tonne 4CFREmission rates of CF4, kg per tonne of aluminium produced kg/tonne 26
39、CFREmission rates of C2F6, kg per tonne of aluminium produced kg/tonne SaSulphur content in baked anodes wt % 4CFSSlope coefficient for CF4, kg CF4per tonne aluminium per anode effect minute per cell day tonne/effect minute/cell day Wt Waste tar collected tonne/year wt Weight kg or tonne 5.2 Chemica
40、l formulae Al Aluminium Al2O3Aluminium oxide (Alumina) C Carbon CF4Tetrafluoromethane C2F6Hexafluoroethane DIN EN 19694-4:2016-10 EN 19694-4:2016 (E) 8 CO Carbon monoxide CO2Carbon dioxide NaAlF6Sodium aluminium hexafluoride (cryolite) NaF Sodium fluoride PFC Perfluorocarbon 6 Calculation methods Ge
41、neral remarks 6.1 Introduction This standard shall be used in conjunction with EN 19694-1 which contains generic, overall requirements, definitions and rules applicable to the determination of GHG emissions for all energy-intensive sectors, provides common methodological issues and defines the detai
42、ls for applying the rules. The application of this standard to the sector-specific standards ensures accuracy, precision and reproducibility of the results. 6.2 Calculation methods for process GHG emissions from primary aluminium production Figure 1 gives sources of process emissions and references
43、to where in the standard calculation methods are described. Figure 1 Decision tree for process carbon dioxide and perfluorocarbon emissions from primary aluminium production DIN EN 19694-4:2016-10 EN 19694-4:2016 (E) 9 Process CO2emissions in state of the art aluminium smelters comprise around 90 %
44、of total direct CO2equivalent emissions, with the balance of emissions consisting of CO2from fossil fuel combustion and PFC emissions. Guidance on CO2emissions from fuel combustion is not included in this document. Methodology for calculating CO2emissions from the combustion of fuel in anode baking
45、furnaces is described elsewhere 6, 7, while methodology for calculating process CO2emissions is given in Clause 7. 6.3 Sources of carbon dioxide 6.3.1 Electrolysis Most of the CO2emissions result from the electrolytic reaction of the carbon anode with alumina: + +23 22 343Al O C Al CO (1) Carbon dio
46、xide is also emitted during the electrolysis reaction as the carbon anode reacts with other sources of oxygen, primarily from the air. Carbon dioxide is also formed as a result of the Boudouard reaction where CO2reacts with the carbon anode forming carbon monoxide, which is then oxidized to form CO2
47、. Each unit of CO2participating in the Boudouard reaction produces two units of CO2after air oxidation: 22CO +C CO (2) 2222CO +O CO (3) All carbon monoxide formed is assumed to be converted to CO2. By industry convention no correction is made for the minute amount of carbon consumed as PFCs rather t
48、han CO2emissions. No CO2is produced from cathode consumption unless there is on-site incineration and no recommendation is included here for such operations CO2emission from addition of sodium carbonate to electrolyses cells is not included as this is added at infrequent intervals and is an insignif
49、icant source. 6.3.2 Anode baking Another source of CO2emissions, specific to prebake technologies, is the baking of green anodes, wherein CO2is emitted from the combustion of volatile components from the pitch binder and, for baking furnaces fired with carbon based fuels, from the combustion of the fuel source. Some of the packing coke used to cover the anodes is also oxidized, releasing CO2during anode baking. Carbon d
