1、November 2010 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).I
2、CS 77.160!$l2(“1731505www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 4498Sintered metal materials, excluding hardmetals Determination of apparent hardness and microhardness (ISO 4498:2010)English translation of DIN EN ISO 4498:2010-11Sintermetalle, ausgenommen Hartmetalle Bestimmung der Sinterhrte und der Mikrohrte (ISO 449
3、8:2010)Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 4498:2010-11Matriaux mtalliques fritts, lexclusion des mtaux-durs Dtermination de la duret apparente et de la microduret (ISO 4498:2010)Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 4498:2010-11SupersedesDIN EN ISO 4498:2007-05www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn cas
4、e of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.2011.10 DIN EN ISO 4498:2010-11 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119 “Powder metallurgy” (Secretariat: SIS, Sweden) in collaboration with
5、 Technical Committee CEN/SS M11 “Powder metallurgy” (Secretariat: CCMC). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Werkstofftechnologie (Technology of Materials Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 145-01-03 AA Probenahme und Prfverfahren fr Sintermetalle
6、(ausgenommen Hartmetalle). In addition to the legal units of measurement, this standard also uses the unit “inch”. It is important to note that according to the German law on units in metrology, the use of the unit “inch” is not permitted in official or business communications within Germany. 1 inch
7、 25,4 mm The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in clause 2 of this document are as follows: ISO 4507 DIN EN ISO 4507 ISO 4516 DIN EN ISO 4516 ISO 6506-1 DIN EN ISO 6506-1 ISO 6507-1 DIN EN ISO 6507-1 ISO 6508-1 DIN EN ISO 6508-1 Amendments This standard differs f
8、rom DIN EN ISO 4498:2007-05 as follows: a) normative references in Clause 2 have been updated; they are now undated; b) Subclause 4.3 has been revised regarding the preparation of hardened nickel-alloyed sintered steels; c) test conditions in Table A.1 have been revised in accordance with ISO 6506-1
9、 (use of a hard metal ball indenter (HBW) instead of a steel ball indenter (HBS); d) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN ISO 4498-1: 1993-06, 2005-11 DIN EN ISO 4498: 2007-05 DIN EN ISO 4498:2010-11 3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 4507, Sintered
10、 ferrous materials, carburized or carbonitrided Determination and verification of case-hardening depth by a micro-hardness test DIN EN ISO 4516, Metallic and other inorganic coatings Vickers and Knoop microhardness tests DIN EN ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials Brinell hardness test Part 1: Test method
11、 DIN EN ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials Vickers hardness test Part 1: Test method DIN EN ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials Rockwell hardness test Part 1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) DIN EN ISO 4498:2010-11 4 This page is intentionally blank EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EURO
12、PISCHE NORM EN ISO 4498 June 2010 ICS 77.160; 77.040.10 Supersedes EN ISO 4498:2007English Version Sintered metal materials, excluding hardmetals - Determination of apparent hardness and microhardness (ISO 4498:2010) Matriaux mtalliques fritts, lexclusion des mtaux-durs - Dtermination de la duret ap
13、parente et de la microduret (ISO 4498:2010) Sintermetalle, ausgenommen Hartmetalle - Bestimmung der Sinterhrte und der Mikrohrte (ISO 4498:2010) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 May 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the co
14、nditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in t
15、hree official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies o
16、f Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom
17、. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 4498:2010: EConten
18、ts EN ISO 4498:2010 (E) DIN EN ISO 4498:2010-11 2 Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 6 3 Apparatus .6 4 Sampling and preparation of test pieces 6 5 Test procedures.7 5.1 Procedure 1 Determination of apparent hardness 7 5.2 Procedure 2 Determination of microhardness.8 6 E
19、xpression of results 10 6.1 Apparent hardness 10 6.2 Microhardness .10 7 Repeatability and reproducibility.10 7.1 Vickers apparent hardness.10 7.2 Rockwell apparent hardness 10 7.3 Vickers microhardness .10 7.4 Precision statement.10 8 Test report 11 Annex A (normative) Test conditions and test load
20、s as well as symbols and designations for microhardness values.12 Annex B (informative) Repeatability and reproducibility 14 Bibliography 16 Foreword This document (EN ISO 4498:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119 Powder metallurgy This European Standard shall be given the statu
21、s of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the su
22、bject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 4498:2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement
23、 this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzer
24、land and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 4498:2010 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 4498:2010 without any modification. ”.“ EN ISO 4498:2010 (E) DIN EN ISO 4498:2010-11 3 Introduction Sintered metal materials generally have a porous structure. Therefore, they can be unders
25、tood as composite metal/pore materials. That is why this International Standard describes two procedures to determine their hardness: Procedure 1 for the macrohardness (this is the apparent hardness); Procedure 2 for the microhardness (this is the hardness of the metallic phase only). Tests in Proce
26、dure 1 determine Vickers, Brinell and/or Rockwell macrohardnesses; their acronyms are: HV, HBW and HR. These tests determine the apparent hardness (macrohardness) of the materials because indentations generally include both the solid phase and a number of pores. The usual test forces applied to an i
27、ndenter are from 10 N to 2 000 N. The apparent hardness value is often used as an expression of the mechanical strength of the material as a whole; it is usually lower than that of a solid material of the same composition and metallurgical condition. However, this does not imply that the functional
28、characteristics (for example wear resistance) are necessarily inferior to those of an equivalent full-density material. The apparent hardness is a macrostructural property. It characterizes the material taken as a whole. Tests in Procedure 2 determine the Vickers and/or Knoop microhardnesses of the
29、material; their acronyms are: HVa and HKa1). The usual test forces applied to an indenter are from 0,147 N to 1,960 N for Vickers, and 0,981 N for Knoop. The microhardness is a microstructural property used to control chemical composition, heat treatment or surface treatment. For these purposes, it
30、is necessary to ensure that hardness test indentations are small enough not to include any visible pores, but only the solid phase. 1) Where a is the test load, in kilograms. EN ISO 4498:2010 (E) DIN EN ISO 4498:2010-11 4 1 Scope 1.1 This International Standard specifies methods of hardness testing
31、of sintered metal materials, excluding hardmetals. 1.2 Procedure 1 determines the apparent hardness of the whole material. Procedure 1 applies to sintered metal materials which have either not been subjected to any heat treatment, or which have been heat treated in such a way that the hardness is es
32、sentially uniform to a depth of at least 5 mm below the surface, applies to the surfaces of sintered metal materials which have been treated in such a way that the hardness is not uniform in the section to a depth of 5 mm below the surface, therefore applies to materials in which the hardness is obt
33、ained essentially by surface enrichment by carbon, or by carbon and nitrogen (for example by carburizing, carbonitriding, nitrocarburizing or sulfidizing), and applies to materials which have been induction hardened. 1.3 Procedure 2 determines the microhardness of the metal phase. Procedure 2 applie
34、s to all types of sintered metal materials, is used, in particular, to determine the hardness profile of case-hardened or carbonitrided materials in accordance with the method described in ISO 4507, and also applies to any sintered metallic materials which have been subjected to surface treatments s
35、uch as electrodeposited plating, chemical coating, chemical vapour deposition (CVD), physical vapour deposition (PVD), laser, ion bombardment, etc. To determine the microhardness of treated surfaces, Procedure 2 applies. NOTE However, an international agreement has not yet been reached on a number o
36、f factors involved in microhardness testing. Nevertheless, the parameters defined in Procedure 2 are important enough to enable a considerable measure of standardization of extensively used practices. EN ISO 4498:2010 (E) DIN EN ISO 4498:2010-11 5 2 Normative references The following referenced docu
37、ments are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 4507, Sintered ferrous materials, carburized or carbonitrided Determinatio
38、n and verification of case-hardening depth by a micro-hardness test ISO 4516, Metallic and other inorganic coatings Vickers and Knoop microhardness tests ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials Brinell hardness test Part 1: Test method ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials Vickers hardness test Part 1: Test method
39、ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials Rockwell hardness test Part 1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) 3 Apparatus Procedure 1: Vickers, Brinell and Rockwell hardness testing machines and test methods meeting the requirements of ISO 6506-1, ISO 6507-1 and ISO 6508-1, respectively. Proced
40、ure 2: Vickers and Knoop microhardness testing machines and test methods meeting the requirements of ISO 4516. 4 Sampling and preparation of test pieces 4.1 Since the apparent hardness of a sintered material is affected by density, which can vary throughout a part, the position of the hardness inden
41、tations, for the purpose of quality control, shall be agreed between the parties. 4.2 The sintered metal surface shall be clean, smooth and flat to obtain well-defined hardness indentations. Test samples will have anvil-support surfaces filed or ground flat wherever practicable, so as to prevent bur
42、rs from affecting results. This is particularly important when determining Vickers and Brinell hardness. Emery paper of 180 to 240 grit is acceptable for grinding. It is generally found sufficient to clean the surface with a suitable solvent. If not, the surface may be lightly polished, provided tha
43、t laboratory measurements have shown that the influence of such polishing is insignificant. NOTE This polishing can be carried out, for example, by using metallographic paper or a 6 m diamond paste. 4.3 Microhardness can be measured either on the surface of a part or on a cross-section of the part n
44、ormal to the surface. For microhardness determinations, it is necessary to ensure that the surface is smooth enough to allow measurement of the indentation diagonal length accurately. The sample may then be chemically cleaned, and electrochemically or mechanically polished to reveal porosity. Mechan
45、ical polishing should involve minimum local heating or working, so as not to affect hardness. The sample for nickel-alloyed sintered steels can be smoothly etched before measuring the microhardness. This smooth etching of the sample will detect the softer areas of nickel-alloyed sintered steels in o
46、rder to eliminate them from measurement. This leads to a more precise test result. Previous impregnation of the part with a thermosetting resin can be beneficial, if the part has more than 8 % open porosity. The surface to be measured shall be flat and smooth. Indentations should have sharp edges in
47、 order to carry out accurate diagonal measurement. The thickness of the test piece shall be greater than 1,5 times the length of the impression diagonal. 4.4 Surface curvature introduces a certain error in determining microhardness, which increases as the radius decreases. On convex surfaces, higher
48、 hardness values and, on concave surfaces, lower hardness values, than the actual values are obtained. If the Vickers hardness test (apparent hardness or EN ISO 4498:2010 (E) DIN EN ISO 4498:2010-11 6 microhardness) has to be performed on a curved surface sample, the influence of the curvature will
49、have to be compensated for by correction factors (see ISO 6507-1 and ISO 4516). 4.5 The measurement of microhardness shall not be valid if the test surface is not perpendicular to the indenter axis. Non-perpendicularity will be probable with isotropic materials, if one leg2)of the diagonal is noticeably longer than the other leg2)(Vickers or Knoop microhardness). The specimen for microhardness testing shall be positioned on the supporting table, or presented in such a way that the test sur
