1、 Lifting points A design guide PUBLICATION 101 Edition 2 Released by IHS. NOT FOR RESALE THE ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS USERS ASSOCIATION Lifting points A design guide PUBLICATION 101 Edition 2 Copyright 2013 The Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association. A company limited by gu
2、arantee. Registered in England. Company number 477838. ISBN 0 85931 195 3 Imprint reference 02-2013 Registered and Trading Address 63 Mark Lane, London EC3R 7NQ Telephone: +44 (0)20 7488 0801 Fax: +44 (0)20 7488 3499 E-mail: saleseemua.org Website: www.eemua.org EEMUA Publication 101 Lifting points
3、A design guide EEMUA ii ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS USERS ASSOCIATION About EEMUA The Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association is usually known by its initials, EEMUA. EEMUA is governed by a Council of members. This Council is responsible for the policies, financing, membership,
4、 and strategy of the Association. Any organisation that is a substantial user or purchaser of engineering products is eligible to apply to become a member of EEMUA. Membership is subject to the approval of Council. EEMUA Aims EEMUA aims to improve the safety, environmental and operating performance
5、of industrial facilities in the most cost-effective way, pursuing and promoting leadership in industrial asset management by sharing engineering experiences and expertise, and by the active, enlightened promotion of the distinct interests of users of engineering products. These aims are achieved by
6、various means, including: Providing the organisation within which networking, information sharing and collaboration among users on non-competitive technical matters can take place Influencing the way written regulations are interpreted and applied in practice Promoting and presenting members views,
7、and encouraging the application of good sound engineering practices Developing user guides, specifications, training and competency schemes Facilitating members participation in national and international standards making Influencing relevant national and European legislation and regulation. The inc
8、ome and resources of EEMUA are applied solely towards the promotion of the aims of the Association. No profit is transferred by way of dividend, bonus or otherwise to members. The work of the Association is mainly carried out by members representatives on EEMUA Technical Committees, Working Groups,
9、and Forums, supported by EEMUA staff. Incorporation, Membership and Other Information For the purposes of conducting its business, EEMUA is incorporated in England and Wales as a company, limited by guarantee, not having share capital. All usual aspects of company management and business administrat
10、ion are dealt with by the EEMUA Executive Director, including policy implementation and leadership of the Executive team (the staff). A list of EEMUA publications for sale is given at the end of this Publication. The full list is also on the Associations website, including details of on-line shoppin
11、g facilities. To enquire about corporate Membership, write to enquirieseemua.org or call +44 (0)20 7488 0801. EEMUA Publication 101 Lifting points A design guide EEMUA iii ABOUT THIS PUBLICATION Legal Aspects All rights, title and interest in this Publication belong to EEMUA. All rights are reserved
12、. No part of this Publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or other, without the express prior written agreement of the EEMUA Executive Director. Infringement of copyright is illegal and a
13、lso reduces the Associations income thereby jeopardising its ability to fund the production of future publications. It has been assumed in the preparation of this Publication that: the user ensures selection of those parts of its contents appropriate to the intended application; and that such select
14、ion and application is correctly carried out by appropriately qualified and competent persons for whose guidance this Publication has been prepared. EEMUA and the individual members of the Work Group that prepared this EEMUA publication do not, and indeed cannot, make any representation or give any
15、warranty or guarantee in connection with material contained herein. EEMUA and the individual members of the Work Group that prepared this EEMUA Publication expressly disclaim any liability or responsibility for damage or loss resulting from the use or reliance on this Publication. Any recommendation
16、s contained herein are based on the most authoritative information available at the time of writing and on current good engineering practice, but it is essential for the user to take account of pertinent subsequent developments and/or legislation. Any person who encounters an inaccuracy or ambiguity
17、 when making use of this Publication is asked to notify EEMUA without delay so that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken. Consultation and Feedback EEMUA encourages constructive comments on this Publication from both Members of the Association and others. Comments should be se
18、nt on the standard feedback form, a copy of which is provided towards the end of this Publication. An electronic version of the feedback form is available from EEMUA - e-mail your request for a copy to enquirieseemua.org, telephone your request to +44 (0)20 7488 0801, or download the form from the E
19、EMUA website at www.eemua.org. Submit comments by e-mail (preferred) or post. Comments are considered by the relevant EEMUA Technical Committees and may be incorporated in future editions of this Publication. New editions are publicised on the EEMUA website. EEMUA Publication 101 Lifting points A de
20、sign guide EEMUA iv EEMUA Publication 101 Lifting points A design guide EEMUA v Contents 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background . 1 1.2 Content . 1 2. Legislation, Standards and Related Documents 3 2.1 Legislation and Regulatory Guidance . 3 2.2 Standards . 3 2.3 BSI Published Documents 4 3. Definitions 5
21、 3.1 Lifting Point . 5 3.2 Rated Load 5 3.3 Safe Working Load . 5 3.4 Lifting Gear . 5 3.5 Lifting Appliances . 5 3.6 Plant . 5 3.7 Shall and Must . 5 3.8 Should and Recommend 5 4. Types of Lifting Points 7 4.1 Preferred Types 7 4.2 Other Types . 7 4.2.1 Eyebolts . 7 4.2.2 Dynamo eyebolts 7 5. Desig
22、n and Fabrication . 9 5.1 General . 9 5.2 Distribution and Number of Lifting Points . 9 5.3 Design 9 5.4 Design Load 9 5.5 Rated Load 10 5.6 Practical Application of Rated Loads 10 5.6.1 Lifting using Separate Lifting Appliances for Each Lifting Point . 10 5.6.2 Lifting using Multi-Leg Slings 11 5.7
23、 Requirements for Specific Types of Lifting Points 11 5.7.1 Tapped holes 11 5.7.2 Lifting points for use with shackles 11 5.7.3 Lifting points for use with hooks 11 5.7.4 Eyebolts . 11 5.7.5 Welds and welding procedures 12 5.8 Additional Requirements for Lifting Points on Pressure Vessels . 12 6. Ma
24、rking . 13 6.1 Lifting Points 13 6.2 Plant . 13 7. Certification 14 8. Information to be Exchanged . 15 8.1 From Purchaser to Supplier 15 8.2 From Supplier to Purchaser 15 9. Examples of Lifting Points Calculations 16 EEMUA Publication 101 Lifting points A design guide EEMUA vi Tables Table 1 Liftin
25、g Criteria for Various Numbers of Lifting Points . 10 Figures Figure 1 Eyebolts loaded at 90 to axis . 11 Figure 2 Single lifting point . 16 Figure 3 Two lifting points . 16 Figure 4 Three lifting points. 17 Figure 5 Four lifting points 18 Figure 6 Example of inherent machine features as lifting poi
26、nts. 19 Figure 7 Purpose designed lifting points for indivisible/multiple loads 20 EEMUA Publication 101 Lifting points A design guide EEMUA 1 1. Introduction 1.1 Background European Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery The Directive came into force on 29 June 2006 within the European Union replacing E
27、uropean Directive 1998/37/EC. The provisions of the new Directive became applicable on 29th December 2009. The Directive contains guidelines on the design and construction of machines and lifting accessories which Member States have been required to transpose into national law. This Publication was
28、originally produced by the Engineering Equipment for integer values of rated load, the 0 after the decimal point shall be omitted (e.g. 5 t not 5.0 t). (d) For bolted-on or screwed-on lifting points, the marking indicating the rated load shall be clearly visible on the object to be lifted when the l
29、ifting point is in position. (e) The rated load shall also be marked on the plant at the point of attachment of the lifting point. Tapped holes used as lifting points shall have the thread form and diameter permanently marked adjacent to the hole. 6.2 Plant (a) All plant provided with lifting points
30、 shall have its weight clearly marked on a permanently attached plate. . (b) Where plant forms part of a larger assembly which could be lifted, a list of the assembled parts their individual weights and the total assembled weight shall be given, e.g. Individual plates Pump 2.6 t Motor 1.8 t Baseplat
31、e 0.9 Assembly plate Pump 2.6 t Motor 1.8 t Baseplate 0.9 Total assembly 5.3 t (c) Where plant can be lifted complete with contents, e.g. gearboxes plus lubricating oil, the weight of the contents shall be included in the weight displayed. (d) The plate shall be located so as to be clearly visible a
32、t all stages of lifting, assembly and dismantling and in a position least liable to accidental damage. EEMUA Publication 101 Lifting points A design guide EEMUA 14 7. Certification When required by the purchaser all lifting points and any specialised lifting gear supplied (e.g. cradles, lifting beam
33、s) shall be certified on the basis of a load test and/or design calculation. EEMUA Publication 101 Lifting points A design guide EEMUA 15 8. Information to be Exchanged In addition to any exchange of information/documentation mentioned in earlier clauses the following shall be provided. 8.1 From Pur
34、chaser to Supplier At the time of ordering the purchaser shall advise the supplier of the plant of any limitations applicable to lifting the plant. 8.2 From Supplier to Purchaser (a) Details of the number, SWL and size of any lifting gear required but not supplied with the plant. (b) Details of any
35、special precautions to be taken during lifting, transportation and handling with an indication of possible hazards and features of the plant requiring particular attention to avoid damage. (c) Outline dimensions and the weight of the complete plant, sections and sub-assemblies as appropriate. (d) Fo
36、r unbalanced plant, the approximate location of the centre of gravity. EEMUA Publication 101 Lifting points A design guide EEMUA 16 9. Examples of Lifting Points Calculations Figure 2 Single lifting point If the load W is lifted as shown in (a) then the lifting point is subjected to a force W in the
37、 vertical plane. The same load may however be lifted as shown in (b) and the lifting point must therefore, be designed for a force of 2W at 60 to the vertical in any direction. Figure 3 Two lifting points (a) The lifting forces are applied in the vertical plane either by two lifting appliances or on
38、e appliance and a spreader beam. (b) The lifting forces are applied via sling legs used at their maximum angle between legs. (c) The lifting points are applied at 60oto the vertical by two lifting appliances. NB. Lifting point may be designed for x 1.5 = 0.75W as per 5.6.1 (a) if more than one lifti
39、ng appliance is used. EEMUA Publication 101 Lifting points A design guide EEMUA 17 Figure 4 Three lifting points The load W can be lifted in any of the three modes shown in Figure 3 but in this case the maximum angle between legs is 90o. In practice the load is primarily taken by two of the three li
40、fting points and the design should therefore take account of a vertical force of . See also Clause 5.6.1EEMUA Publication 101 Lifting points A design guide EEMUA 18 Figure 5 Four lifting points The load W can be lifted as shown or in various combinations of the modes shown in Figure 3. In practice t
41、he load may be taken by any two opposing lifting points during the lift. Consideration should therefore be given to designing each lifting point for a vertical force of unless fully compensated lifting tackle is to be used. See also Clause 5.6.1 EEMUA Publication 101 Lifting points A design guide EE
42、MUA 19 Figure 6 Example of inherent machine features as lifting points Plant and equipment may have inherent features which can be used as lifting points. When utilising such features the rating of the feature will be based on its existent strength and on the strength of the unit to be lifted. In Fi
43、gure 6 the designer may decide that the top hole of each flange (i.e. 4 holes) can be used for lifting purposes in conjunction with shackles. The strength of such a combination when used as a lifting point may be, for example, W. Allowing for a minimum factor of safety of 4 and then resolving the fo
44、rce into the vertical plane results in a rated load for each lifting point of . If the total load to be lifted is not greater than the lifting points will suffice. If the total load is in excess of additional lifting points must be provided. NB. For clarity, the 60 angle at each lifting point is sho
45、wn in one plane only. But to comply with the design principles, must be considered in all directions.EEMUA Publication 101 Lifting points A design guide EEMUA 20 Figure 7 Purpose designed lifting points for indivisible and multiple loads Sketch (a) represents a sub-assembly which will not be further
46、 reduced for lifting operations, i.e. an indivisible load. The 4 lifting points shown would each be rated at and be designed for x Factor of Safety at 60 to the vertical in any direction. If however such a sub-assembly is known to be lifted as a larger unit i.e. a multiple load as indicated in sketc
47、h (b), then the designer must cater for the greater duty. The 4 lifting points A, B, G, H must be rated at and be designed for W x Factor of Safety at 60 to the vertical in any direction. EEMUA Publication: Feedback Form An electronic version of this form is available at www.eemua.org/publications.h
48、tm Date feedback provided: (dd/mm/yyyy) EEMUA Publication: 101, Edition 2 Lifting points - A design guide. Feedback provided by: Contact name: Phone: E-mail: Feedback provided on behalf of which organisation? Organisation name: Location: EEMUA ref (EEMUA use only) Page no. Paragraph Figure/ Table co
49、ncerned Type of comment (General/ Technical/ Editorial) COMMENTS Proposed change (Please provide alternative wording, or propose removal of, or addition to, existing wording.) OBSERVATIONS OF THE EXECUTIVE (EEMUA use only) on each comment submitted 4 Fig 2 E This is an example only. No change to wording required. Example only When you have completed this form with all your comments, please save and e-mail to infoeemua.org or post a paper copy to: Publications Department, EEMUA, 63 Ma
