1、BRITISH STANDARD Value management, value analysis, functional analysis vocabulary Part 1. Value analysis and functional analysis ICs 01.040.03; 03.100.99 BS EN 1325-1 : 1997 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED HY COPYRIGHT LAW BS EN 1325-1 : 1997 Committees responsible for this Bri
2、tish Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee DW1, Reliability and maintainability systems, upon which the foliowing bodies were represented: This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Management Systems Sector Board, was publ
3、ished under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 January 1997 O BSI 1997 Association of Consulting Engineers Association of Project Managers British Gas plc British Railways Board British Telecommunications plc Chartered Institution of Buildmg Services Engineers City Univ
4、ersity Civil Aviation University Consumers Association Cranfield University Defence Manufacturers Association Electricity Association Federation of the Electronics Industry GAMBICA (BEAMA Ltd.) Institute of Logistics Institute of - monitor related intemational and European developments and promulgat
5、e them in the UK. NOTF,. International and European Standards, as well as overseas standards are available from Customer SeMces, BSI, 389 Chiswick High Road, London, W4 4AL. Cross-references Publication referred to EN IS0 8402 : 1995 Corresponding British Standard BS EN IS0 8402 : 1995 Quality manag
6、ernent and quality assumnce - Vdqj Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legai obligations. ii O BSI 1997 Yt Yt vi STDBBSI BS EN 1325-1-ENGL 1797 Lb2Libb7 0585805 157 EUROPEAN flwm EN 1325-1 NORME EUR0PEE”E EUROP 03.100 Descriptors: Value analysis, functional ana
7、lysis, vocabulary English version Vdue management, value analysis, functional analysis vocabulary - Part 1. Value analysis and functional analysis Vocabulaire du management de la dew, de fonctionnelie - Partie 1: Analyse de la dew et analyse fonctionnelle Value Management, Wertanalyse, Fhklionenanal
8、yse Teil 1: Wertanalyse und Fhkionenanaiyse lanalyse de la vaiew et de ianalyse Wrterbuch - This European Standard was approved by CEN on 199643-26. CEN members are bound to comply with the CENKENELEC internal Regulations which stipuiate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of
9、 a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibiiographicai references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three officiai versions (English, French, German). A versio
10、n in any other language made by transiation under the responsibility of a CEN member int its own language and notified to the Centsal Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finiand, France, Germany, Greece
11、, Icehd, Ireland, I-, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugai, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fur Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1060 Brussels Q 1996 AU rights of reproduct
12、ion and communication in any form and by any means reserved in ali countries to CEN and its members. Ref. No. EN 13251 : 1996 E Page 2 EN 1325-1 : 1996 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Whnicai Committee CENiC 279, Value management - Value anaiysis, functional anaiysis, the secret
13、ariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shaU be given the status of a national standard, either by pubiication of an identid text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 1997. The aim of this standar
14、d is to define the main temis of the value management (VM), value anaiysis (VA), functional ais (FA) field It integrates int the standardization work in this field conducted successively through the prestandardization work supported by the SPRINT programme of the European Commission (EC) and through
15、 the standardization work of the CENirC 279. As the standardkalion work on vaiue management is currently under way, it seemed too early to give in this standard a normative status for the definition of this concept. Consequently, the definitions of the tem specically related to due management will b
16、e the subject of a second part of this standaxt prEN 1325-2 Value mwmt - Vdw analysis, functional analysis v0c-v Part 2: Value mwmt (provisional til%) Contents Foreword O introduction 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Definitions Annexes A (informative) Bibiiographicai B (informative) Alphabetical in
17、dex references page 2 3 3 3 3 6 6 According to the CENKENELEC Intend Regulations, the national standards organizaions of the foliowing counries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireand, My, Luxembourg, Netherlands, No
18、rway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzeriand and the United Kingdom. O BSI 1997 - STD-BSI BS EN L325-L-ENGL 1997 = Lb24bb7 0585807 T2T O Introduction A set of methods such as value management, value analysis, functional analysis are founded on the concept of value and on the functional based approach.
19、 They are used at the general management level of companies and or-ons, for the development of products and services, or to work out the optimized solution of many kinds of industrial and organizational problems. Their concern for the end purposes, or functions, of the matter examined, their search
20、for the optimhtion of these functions in relation to the means, resources or expenditures which are nec- for their aainment, are very important factors for the overall efficiency and competitiveness of companies and organizations. These methods axe largely used in the industriaked countries; they ar
21、e gaining wider recognition the world over. European Standards are being developed to promote unified concepts and the highest level of expertise and efficacy in the European countries. A common way of practice of these methods, a common understanding of the standards make it necessary to define and
22、 standardize in a vocabulary standard the precise meaning of the specialized tem which are used. if the standards on value management methos which are just now being developed require a correction or adaptation of tem and definitions then this wiil be taken into account by a revision of this standar
23、d. 1 scope This stanard defines tem on value analysis (YA) and functional analysis (FA). 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the pu
24、blications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the iatest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN IS0 84
25、02 : 1995 VA An organized and creative approach using a functional and economic design process which aims at increasing the value of a VA subject. NOTE 1. The VA subject can be an existing product, or a new one which is being developed. NOTE 2. The procedure of value analysis is implemented by a VA
26、team and outlined by the VA job plan. 3.1.3 value engineering; VE Term sometimes used for the application of value analysis to a new product which is being developed. 3.1.4 need What is necessary for or desired by the user. NOTE. A need can be declared or undeclared; it can be an existing or a poten
27、tial one. 3.1.6 user Any person or organization for which the product is designed and which exploits at least one of its functions at any time during its life cycle. NOTE. A user can be an external or internai customer. 3.1.6 product Result of activities or processes. NOTE 1. A product can include s
28、ervice, hardware, processed materials, software or a combination thereof. NOTE 2. A product can be tangible (e.g. assemblies or processed materials) or intangible (e.g. knowledge or concepts), or a combination thereof. NOTE 3. A product can be either intended (e.g. offered to customers) or unintende
29、d (e.g. poilutant or unwaned effects). (1.4 of EN IS0 8402 : 1995) O BSI 1997 STDaBSI BS EN 1325-1-ENGL 1777 m Lb24bb7 0585808 7bb m Page 4 EN 1325-1 : 1996 3.1.7 constraint A characteristic, resuit or design feature which is made compulsory or has been prohibited for any reason. No alternative poss
30、ibility is leR. NOTE 1. Constraints are generaily restrictions on the choice of solutions in a VA project. NOTE 2. Two kinds of constraints are considered, those which concern solutions, and those which concern the end purposes which are the functions of the VA subject. NOTE 3. Environmental conditi
31、ons for instance can, to some extent, require development of the VA subject so that it performs one or more fonctions to, for example, withstand corrosion. In this case nothing is really compuisow, it is up to the company to decide which VA subject is to be developed. NOTE 4. For example constraints
32、 can come from law, standards, market demand, investments and means availability, or the organkhon?s policy. 3.2 Terms related to VA work 3.2.1 VA subject A potentiai or existing product to which value analysis is applied. NOTE 1. The products to which value analysis is applied are most usually inte
33、nded products (see note 3 of 3.1.6). NOTE 2. Unintended products can be the result of an unnecessary or undesirable function (of a process for instance). A serious problem could arise in the latter case, and value analysis could be used to solve it Thus, an unintended product can also be a VA subjec
34、t. 3.2.2 VA job plan An organized and methodical procedure consisting of a certain number of phases intended to ensure successful application of value analysis. 3.2.3 VA target Functional and cost objectives (or objectives other than cost such as availability, time, volume, etc.) for the VA project
35、set for the VA team. NOTE. Depending on the progress of the work of a VA project a general or a detailed objective can be identified. 3.2.4 VA manager A person who is responsible for planning, organizing, supervising and implementing VA activities in an organization such as a companx a commercial or
36、 admuush.ative organization. 3.2.6 VA decision-maker The member of management who gives direction to a VA project and is the ultimate decision-maker on which proposals of the VA team wiil be implemented. 3.2.6 VA project The application of value analysis to a VA subject. 3.2.7 VA team A multidiscipl
37、inary group of people, selected for their competence, expertise andor responsibility in various aspects of the VA subject, who undertake the VA project. 3.2.8 VA project leader The person who has the knowledge, experience and personality to organize, lead and co-ordlliate a VA team in a professional
38、 and successful wax and as such has been put in charge of this responsibility by management. 3.2.9 enquirer Person or organization in search of a product and who is responsible for issuing the functional performance specification, with a view to its purchase or requisition and use by itself or by ot
39、hers. 3.2.10 VA pre-conditions Elements of the context which are necessary before value analysis can proceed. NOTE. VA pre-conditions are, for example, market research, costs, motivation, resources, skills. 3.3 Terms related to function 3.3.1 function Effect of a product or of one of its constituent
40、s. 3.3.2 functional analysis; FA A process that describes completely the functions and their relationships, which are systematically characterized, classified and evaluated. NOTE. The function structure is a part of the result of functional analysis. 3.3.3 mes of functions 3.3.3.1 user related funct
41、ion Effect expected of a product, or performed by it, in order to meet a part of the need of a definite user. NOTE 1. The users and the market are oniy interested in user related functions. NOTE 2. User related functions are either use or esteem functions. 3.3.3.2 product related function The effect
42、 of a constituent or the effect between the constituents of the product for the purpose of performing user related functions. NOTE 1. When choosing an overall solution, the designer or organizer detennines the product related fonctions sometimes calied internai functions. NOTE 2. The product related
43、 functions of a complete product or system can be the user related fnnctions of a constituent element entering into the composition of this product NOTE 3. The product related functions can be related to the available techno lo. 3.3.4 function cost The whole of the expenditure forecast or incurred f
44、or includmg a function in a VA subject. NOTE. Before design or redesign, the function cost is a target or a limit the expenditure which is granted for including that function. After development or implementation, the function cost is the cost which has been effectively incurred. O BSI 1997 STD-BSI B
45、S EN L325-L-ENGL 1777 Lb24bb7 0585807 ATE Page 5 EN 1325-1 : 1996 3.3.6 functional performance Specification; FPS A document by which the enquirer expresses his needs (or those which he is instructed to express) in tem of user related functions and constraints. For each of these, evaluation criteria
46、 are defined together with their levels, a certain degree of flexibility being assigned to each one. 3.3.6 Particular characteristics of functions 3.3.6.1 unnecessary function Function that does not contribute to the satisfacton of the need of a user, and so has no positive contribution to the value
47、 of the product. 3.3.6.2 undesirable function Function which has an adverse effect for the user. It has a negative contribution to the value of the product. NOTE. Undesirable functions are generally the unanticipated results of the technical choices. 3.3.7 function structure Arrangement of functions
48、 resuiting from functional analysis, which can be presented in the forms of a - in a quantitative way (in particular in terms of cost benefit). 3.4 Terms related to cost 3.4.1 cost The expenditure incurred on, or attributable to, a given product. 3.4.2 design to cost; DTC A method of managing a proj
49、ect which allows the project to be controlled hm its inception in order to meet defined performances within preestablished objectives of cost and time. NOTE 1. This calls, in the early project phase, for a cost based on past experience, budget, market price, etc., to be assigned to a product, its components and assemblage and then for the technical specification and cost to be traded off against each other unii a general agreement is reached. NOTE 2. A continuous cost visibility should be ensured during development. 3.4.3 life cycle cost; LCC The cost of acquisition
