1、Water quality - Sampling of fish with electricity The European Standard EN 14011:2003 has the status of a British Standard ICs 13.060.70; 65.150 BS EN 1401 1:2003 2003 BS 6068-5.32: British standards NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BS EN 14011:2003 Amd. No. ISB
2、N O 580 41459 O National foreword Date Comments This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14011:2003. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/3, Water quality, to Subcommittee EH/3/5, Biological methods, which has the responsibility
3、to: - - aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible internationaUEuropean committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. - A list o
4、f organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standar
5、ds Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard d
6、oes not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the of the Standards Policy and Stratew Committee on Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 16, an inside back cover and a back co
7、ver. 21 March 2003 The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication O BSI 21 March 2003 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14011 March 2003 ICs 13.060.70; 65.150 English version Water quality - Sampli
8、ng of fish with electricity Qualit de leau - Echantillonnage des poissons llectricit Wasserbeschaffenheit - Probenahme von Fisch mittels Elektrizitt This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 December 2002 CEN members are bound to comply with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate
9、the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in
10、 three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of
11、Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG COMIT EUROPE
12、N DE NORMALISATION Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels O 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14011:2003 E EN 14011:2003 (E) Contents page Foreword 3 Introduction . 3 1 Scope 3 2 Normative referen
13、ces 4 3 Principle 4 4 Equipment . 6 5 Safety aspects and fishing procedures . 7 6 Identification and measurements of fish. release of catch . 9 7 Resu Its 9 8 Quality assurance and quality control . 10 9 Report 10 Annex A (informative) Example of electric fishing protocol . 13 Bibliography 16 2 EN 1
14、4011:2003 (E) Foreword This document (EN 1401 1 :2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement,
15、 at the latest by September 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2003. Annex A is informative. According to the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Stan
16、dard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. I nt rod u cti on This is the first of several European Standards develo
17、ped for evaluation of the composition, abundance and diversity of fish in rivers, lakes and coastal waters. Other European Standards will describe sampling of fish with gill nets and guidance on the scope and selection of fish sampling methods. If used properly electric fishing is considered to be h
18、armless to the fish. However, irreversible damage can be inflicted on fish that are exposed to electricity. Therefore, the well being of the fish and the avoidance of damage through hand ling should be considered. WARNING - Persons using this standard should be familiar with normal laboratory and fi
19、eldwork practice. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions. 1 Scope This European S
20、tandard provides sampling procedures with electricity procedures to be used by trained persons in evaluating fish communities in streams, rivers and littoral areas for the purpose of classification of ecological status. These procedures allow standardisation of sampling methods for descriptions of f
21、ish communities. The use of standardised methods is a critical requirement for the comparability of results. This European Standard describes an electric fishing method to be used when catching fish for the purpose of characterising composition, abundance and age structure of a given fish community.
22、 Sampling-related issues include obtaining permissions, concerns about endangered species, protective measures of importance for the user of the sampling apparatus and co-ordination of activities with other sampling programmes. The processing of samples covers taxonomic identification, counting, mea
23、surement of biologic parameters (length, weight etc.), and examination of fish for external anomalies. 3 EN 14011:2003 (E) 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropr
24、iate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the last edition of the publicati
25、on referred to applies (including amendments). EN 25667-1 :I 993, Water quality - Sampling - Part I: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes (IS0 5667- I: 1980). IEC 60335-2-86, Safety of household and similar electrical appliances - Part 2-86: Particular requirements for electric fishing mach
26、ines . 3 Principle 3.1 General It shall be recognised that the sampling strategy to be adopted shall provide information on the current status of the fish community health at a given site. The selection of sampling sites (number and size) is of great importance for the evaluation of the collected da
27、ta. As a general guidance EN 25667-1 shall be consulted, and for more detailed guidance on fish sampling methods forthcoming standards on Sampling of fish with gill nets and on Guidance on the scope and selection of fish sampling methods are available. 3.2 Fish sampling Correctly obtained sampling d
28、ata are directly related to population density. The strategy shall be to sample a defined area of river (see Table 2) using appropriate fishing equipment (clause 4), safety precautions (5.1) and procedures (5.2, clause 6) using qualified personnel (clause 8) to provide estimates of: - Fish abundance
29、; - Species composition; - Population structures (age or size). Abundance in this context can be either a relative or an absolute measure of assessment based on a single electric fishing run of a known area of water. Where practical or appropriate multiple fishing of the known area shall be carried
30、out to assess the efficiency of the sampling effort to obtain absolute estimates of population density. To ensure repeatability, fishing effort, fishing equipment and fishing protocols shall be the same on each sampling at the same site. The location of the sampling site shall be identified using GP
31、S or using reference to absolute markers (e.g. X m downstream of XXX bridge). Photographic documentation of the sampling site is recommended. When changing equipment, comparative results with old and new equipment shall be generated, to make it possible to compare new and old data. 3.3 Number and si
32、ze of sampling sites Depending on the purpose of the study (Le. assessing abundance and age structure for a target population within a river basin or assessing the species composition, abundance and age structure of a fish community for a given site) two different sampling strategies (3.3.1 or 3.3.2
33、) can be used. 3.3.1 Abundance and age structure of populations To ensure that conclusions on abundance and age structure are valid for the target population(s), a sufficient number of sites (n) shall be included. This number depends on the spatial variation among sites and whether assessing tempora
34、l trends or comparisons between populations is the main aim. The spatial variation is expressed 4 EN 14011:2003 (E) 0,4 as the coefficient of variation CV = (standard deviation among sites)/ (population mean) for abundance (fish/site). For comparisons among populations, the minimum number of sites (
35、n) for different CVs required is given in Table 1. 4 Table 1 - Minimum number of sampling sites River dimension Small stream, width 5 m I I Coefficient of variation (CV) Minimum number of sites (n) Minimum of length to be sampled 20 m, whole width has to be sampled Small river, width 5 m to 15 m Lar
36、ge river and canal, width 15 m 0.8 50 m, whole width has to be sampled 50 m of river margin either on one side or on both sides 16 Large shallow water, water depth Large water bodies (e.g. lakes) 70 cm The CV can be determined from a pilot study or from data from similar trends fewer sites may be re
37、quired. 200 mL 50 m of littoral zone The selection of sites shall be representative of habitats/biomes environmental stress, where no or only a few specimen are caught on CV, and, therefore, an increased number of sites is required to give structures of the species present. Due consideration shall a
38、lso be given personnel. The timing of sampling shall be linked to an understanding of the life populations. For determination of temporal within the watershed. Rivers with high several of the sampling sites, have a high a good estimate of abundances and age to ease of access and safety of operationa
39、l history strategies of the target species. In .- most circumstances sampling shall be carried out towards the end of the growing season when juveniles are of a sufficiently large size to be caught by electric fishing. However, electric fishing shall not be made at temperatures below 5 OC, because o
40、f reduced fish activity and reduced sampling efficiency. At low water temperatures successive (removal) samplings from the same area (e.g. Zippin, 1958) may actually give higher catches in the second compared with the first sampling. Subsequent sampling of a particular site shall be carried out at t
41、he same time of year and under similar flow conditions. All sampling shall be done in daylight hours. The area of the river to be sampled is dependent upon width, water depth, and habitat variation. The minimum length to be sampled for various waters is given in Table 2. In small wadable rivers with
42、 high densities of small fish (which is often the case in wide salmon spawning streams) a smaller length may be sufficient. As a rough guidance it is enough to catch 200 fish, but the total sampled area shall be at least 100 m2. 5 EN 14011:2003 (E) 3.3.2 Assessing fish species composition, abundance
43、 and age structure for a given site Depending on river width and depth, two different sampling methods can be used. When it is possible (small rivers) each site is sampled by wading. In deeper large rivers, sampling shall be undertaken by boat (usually in near shore areas). In all cases, the size of
44、 the sample shall be sufficient to include the home range of the dominant fish species, and encompassing complete sets of the characteristic river form (e.g. pools, riffles, runs) to ensure a good representativity of the fish community. Concerning the minimum length to be sampled, a review of availa
45、ble literature shows that, because of the variability among streams and rivers within and among regions, in order to ensure accurate characterisation of a fish community at a given site electric fishing shall be conducted over stream (or river) lengths of at least 20 times the stream (or river) widt
46、h (Angermeier - be light enough to be carried for extended periods; - be able to be quickly released from the wearer; - have batteries of a non-spill type. Generator equipment shall be designed or modified to make it suitable for electric fishing use. Engines and power sources shall be safeguarded a
47、gainst the spill of fuel, oil and battery acid. Calibration: It is recommended that any new electric fishing equipment or technique shall be calibrated against the old equipment or techniques using a standard method. 5 Safety aspects and fishing procedures 5.1 Safety aspects Staff shall be protected
48、 against the hazards of electric shock, drowning, tripping and falling and inhalation of exhaust gases. Electric fishing shall not be made at high flow, and low flow conditions are preferable. Electric fishing is forbidden when it is raining. All staff shall be trained in CPR techniques, or at least
49、 the number of staff required by the national legislation. An experienced team leader shall be appointed to every team of operators and shall have on-site responsibility for safety, first aid and for the equipment and protective clothing. However, every member of the team has a responsibility to work in a safe manner and to inform the leader of any deficiencies. No person shall carry out electric fishing alone. In the depot, storage of electric fishing equipment shall be under secure, safe, dry and clean conditions. After use, all equipment shall be returned to storage in such a
