1、BS EN 15461:2008ICS 17.140.30; 45.080NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDRailway applications Noise emission Characterization of the dynamic properties of track selections for pass by noise measurements+A1:2010National forewordThis British Standard i
2、s the UK implementation of EN 15461:2008+A1:2010. It supersedes BS EN 15461:2008, which is withdrawn.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered
3、by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !“.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/1/2, Transport noise.Normative - A (mandatory) requirement defined as an expression in the content of a document conveying criteria to be fulfilled if compliance with the document i
4、s to be claimed and from which no deviation is permitted CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, Part 3: Rules for the structure and drafting of European Standards (PNE-Rules)Informative - Information (not mandatory) intended to assist the understanding or use of the document. Informative annexes shall no
5、t contain requirements, except as optional requirements. (For example, a test method that is optional may contain requirements but there is no need to comply with these requirements to claim compliance with teh document.)A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on reques
6、t to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN 15461:2008+A1:2010This British Standard was published u
7、nder the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2009 BSI 2011Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 31 201 Implementation of CEN Amendment A1:2010ISBN 978 0 580 70850 31January EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15461:2008+A1 Novemb
8、er 2010 ICS 17.140.30; 93.100 Supersedes EN 15461:2008English Version Railway applications - Noise emission - Characterisation of the dynamic properties of track sections for pass by noise measurements Applications ferroviaires - Emission sonore - Caractrisation des proprits dynamiques de sections d
9、e voie pour le mesurage du bruit au passage Bahnanwendungen - Schallemission - Charakterisierung der dynamischen Eigenschaften von Gleisabschnitten fr Vorbeifahrtgeruschmessungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 December 2007 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 28 September 2
10、010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained
11、 on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management
12、 Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
13、 Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any
14、form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15461:2008+A1:2010: EEN 15461:2008+A1:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions .54 Symbols and abbreviations 65 Principles 76 Data acquisition .76.1 Select
15、ion of the test section .76.2 Position of the accelerometers 76.3 Assembly of the accelerometers 86.4 Excitation force 96.5 Acquisition system 96.6 Acquisition of the FRF 96.7 Set of measuring positions .96.8 Measurement data to be produced . 127 Data processing 128 Acceptance criteria . 139 Test re
16、port . 139.1 General . 139.2 Presentation of the track decay rates . 13Annex A (informative) Calculation of the decay rates 14A.1 General . 14A.2 Calculation of the decay rates . 14Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2008
17、/57/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the interoperability of the rail system within the Community (Recast)“ 16Bibliography . 18BS EN 15461:2008+A1:2010EN 15461:2008+A1:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15461:2008+A1:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committe
18、e CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
19、 latest by May 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2010-09-28
20、. This document supersedes EN 15461:2008. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “. !This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports
21、essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC. For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.“ According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to imp
22、lement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, S
23、witzerland and United Kingdom. BS EN 15461:2008+A1:2010EN 15461:2008+A1:2010 (E) 4 Introduction The interaction between the wheels of a railway vehicle and the track during operation is translated by vibrations which, in movement, generate rolling noise. The vibration response of the track structure
24、 determines the level of its sound contribution to this noise. The method assumes that the vibration waves in the rail can be regarded as the superposition of two bending waves, one vertical and the other transverse, of the rail represented as a simple beam. Although the track rail does not behave i
25、n this way over all the frequencies covered by the measurement, this simplification permits the “decay rates“ to be measured for an estimation of the dynamic behaviour of the track which is one of the basic parameters influencing the generation of rolling noise. 1 Scope This European Standard specif
26、ies a method for characterizing the dynamic behaviour of the structure of a track relative to its contribution to the sound radiation associated with the rolling noise. This European Standard describes a method for: a) acquiring data on mechanical frequency response functions on a track; b) processi
27、ng measurement data in order to calculate an estimate of the vibration decay rates along the rails in an audible frequency range associated with the rolling noise; c) presenting this estimate for comparison with the lower limits of the decay rates. It is applicable for evaluating the performance of
28、sections of reference tracks for measuring railway vehicle noise within the framework of official approval tests. The method is not applicable for characterizing the vibration behaviour of tracks on loadbearing structures such as bridges or embankments. 2 Normative references The following reference
29、d documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies EN 61260, Electroacoustics Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters
30、 (IEC 61260:1995) EN ISO 266, Acoustics Normal frequencies (ISO 266:1997) EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025:2005) ISO 2041, Vibration and shock Vocabulary ISO 7626-1, Vibration and shock Experimental determination of mech
31、anical mobility Part 1: Basic definitions and transducers BS EN 15461:2008+A1:2010EN 15461:2008+A1:2010 (E) 5 ISO 7626-5, Vibration and shock Experimental determination of mechanical mobility Part 5: Measurements using impact excitation with an exciter which is not attached to the structure 3 Terms
32、and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 frequency-response function (FRF) frequency-dependent ratio of the motor-response phasor to the phasor of the excitation force (see ISO 7626-1) NOTE 1 In this document, the term also refers to
33、the mean spectral amplitude of the FRF in the form of a one-third octave spectrum. NOTE 2 In this standard, the term frequency-response function (FRF) is used to refer generically either to accelerance (accelerometric response/excitation force) or to mobility (speed response/excitation force). The t
34、erm is not used to refer to receptance (dynamic compliance). NOTE 3 The FRF is generally calculated as the interspectrum ratio between the response and the force with the autospectrum. This estimate of the FRF is called estimate H1. NOTE 4 A set of FRF between a single excitation point and multiple
35、response points or even between a single response point and multiple excitation points may be used. In this standard, the case of a fixed accelerometer and a mobile instrumented excitation hammer is the easiest to implement. 3.2 accelerance complex ratio of the acceleration at one point in a mechani
36、cal system to the force at the same point or at a different point during a single harmonic motion (see also ISO 7626-1 and ISO 2041) NOTE Accelerance is an FRF currently expressed as a narrow-band complex spectrum. It is also used in this standard to express a one-third octave spectrum. 3.3 mobility
37、 complex ratio of the speed at one point in a mechanical system to the force at the same point or at a different point during a single harmonic motion (see also ISO 7626-1 and ISO 2041) NOTE Mobility is an FRF currently expressed as a narrow-band complex spectrum. It is also used in this standard to
38、 express a one-third octave spectrum. 3.4 direct FRF, FRF at the point of application FRF for which the response is measured at the same position (as close as possible physically with an impact hammer and an accelerometer) and the same direction (see also ISO 7626-1) NOTE In this standard, the term
39、refers both to force and response FRF in the vertical and transverse directions. 3.5 transfer FRF FRF for which the response amplitude is measured at a different position to the force application point NOTE In order to define the FRF, the direction and position of the application force and the respo
40、nse should be mentioned. BS EN 15461:2008+A1:2010EN 15461:2008+A1:2010 (E) 6 3.6 decay rate on the track vibration amplitude decay rate of the vertical or transverse bending waves of the rail as a function of the distance along the rail NOTE It is represented by a one-third octave band spectrum of t
41、he values of the decay rate, expressed in decibels per metre (dB/m) representing the attenuation as a function of the distance. 3.7 test section section of track specifically associated with a particular set of measurement data 3.8 accelerometer position fixed position of the accelerometer(s) for wh
42、ich a complete set of FRF measurements is taken 3.9 structural wave vibration wave that is propagated along the rail resulting in a deformation of the whole rail section NOTE For example, vertical and transverse bending waves of the rail behaving like a beam or waves that involve deformation modes i
43、n the cross-section of the rail propagating along the rail. The vibration waves with wavelengths that are smaller than the rail cross-section dimensions, such as the Rayleigh ultrasonic waves or the shear or compression waves in the material are not covered in the definition associated with the subj
44、ect of this standard. 3.10 one third-octave band spectrum spectrum of the added squared values or the root mean squares of the FRF in each of the normal frequencies one-third octave band (see EN ISO 266). NOTE In this document, also refers to the speed and acceleration vibration spectrum, to the exc
45、itation effort spectrum, to the mobility and accelerance FRF spectrum and to the resulting decay rate 3.11 reference track section portion of track used to characterize the rail system noise emission performances that meet the requirements of the interoperability technical specifications from the ra
46、ilway interoperability directives NOTE These requirements cover the track vibration response via the track decay rate and the acoustic roughness level of the rail. They are intended to ensure the reproducibility of the measurements 3.12 instrumented hammer instrument with an integrated force transdu
47、cer for applying an excitation force to the structure 4 Symbols and abbreviations x position along the track. The reference position x0= 0 is situated at the measuring point of the direct FRF, dx differential operator over x, n number of measuring positions, xnnthinterval, xmax position of the maxim
48、um distance considered along the track, BS EN 15461:2008+A1:2010EN 15461:2008+A1:2010 (E) 7 A(xn) FRF at position xnalong the track, response amplitude decay constant, DR decay rate, FRF frequency-response function, FFT fast Fourier transform 5 Principles The decay rates are determined on the basis
49、of an FRF at the application point and a certain number of frequency-response function measurements relative to the position on the rail of the excitation force application point (transfer function). An instrumented hammer shall be used to excite the rail. For the purpose of this standard, an accelerometer shall be fixed to the rail and the measurements shall be taken for various distances from the force application point in relation to it. The fu
