1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 294-5:2011Plastics Injection mouldingof test specimens ofthermoplastic materialsPart 5: Preparation of standard specimensfor investigating anisotropyBS EN ISO 294-5:2013BS
2、 EN ISO 294-5:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 294-5:2013. It is identical to ISO 294-5:2011. It supersedes BS ISO 294-5:2011, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/21, Testing
3、 of plastics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published
4、 by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 78952 6ICS 83.080.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2011.Amendments/corrigenda issued since p
5、ublicationDate Text affected30 June 2013 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 294-5:2011 as BS EN ISO 294-5:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 294-5 January 2013 ICS 83.080.20 English Version Plastics - Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials - Part 5:
6、Preparation of standard specimens for investigating anisotropy (ISO 294-5:2011) Plastiques - Moulage par injection des prouvettes de matriaux thermoplastiques - Partie 5: Prparation dprouvettes normalises pour dterminer lanisotropie (ISO 294-5:2011) Kunststoffe - Spritzgieen von Probekrpern aus Ther
7、moplasten - Teil 5: Herstellung von Standardprobekrpern zur Ermittlung der Anisotropie (ISO 294-5:2011) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 December 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European St
8、andard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (Engl
9、ish, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,
10、Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
11、, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No
12、. EN ISO 294-5:2013: EEN ISO 294-5:2013 (E)3ForewordThe text of ISO 294-5:2011 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 “Plastics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 294-5:2013 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” the secre
13、tariat of which is held by NBN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2013.Attention is drawn to the
14、 possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countri
15、es are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Polan
16、d, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.Endorsement noticeThe text of ISO 294-5:2011 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 294-5:2013 without any modification.BS EN ISO 294-5:2013EN ISO 294-5:2013 (E)BS ISO 294-5:2011ISO 294-5:2011(E) ISO 20
17、11 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction . v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Apparatus . 2 5 Procedure . 4 6 Report on test-specimen preparation . 5 Annex A (normative) Preparation of test specimens 6 BS ISO 294-5:2011ISO 294-5:2011(E) ISO 201
18、1 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction . v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Apparatus . 2 5 Procedure . 4 6 Report on test-specimen preparation . 5 Annex A (normative) Preparation of test specimens 6 ivBS EN ISO 294-5:2013ISO 294-5:2011(E)BS I
19、SO 294-5:2011ISO 294-5:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved vIntroduction Reinforced and self-reinforcing injection-mouldable thermoplastics are used in a wide variety of applications, some of which can be safety-related. During the injection-moulding process, reinforcement fibres can preferentially
20、 align with the flow of the molten material and not across the flow direction. This preferential alignment causes an imbalance in the properties of the moulded thermoplastic so that, in the flow direction, the alignment of the reinforcing fibres causes a higher strength and stiffness than in the cro
21、ss direction with fewer aligned fibres. This difference in properties is termed anisotropy, and it may result in an injection-moulded component having less than the desired or designed strength. To aid designers in understanding the potential strength of an injection-moulded component, it is desirab
22、le to know about the anisotropy of an injection-moulded component. During the development of this part of ISO 294, it was found that injection-moulded test specimens do not exhibit the same fibre alignment across their thickness, but that the outer layers have fibres preferentially aligned in the mo
23、uld filling direction while the core has randomly oriented fibres (i.e. no preferential alignment). The ratio of the cross-sectional area of aligned-fibre orientation (i.e. “skin” layer thickness) to that of random-fibre orientation (i.e. “core” thickness) is affected by the specimen thickness and t
24、he mould filling rate, i.e. the average injection velocity. Thicker specimens exhibit a lower proportion of aligned fibres than do thinner specimens. Slower mould fill speeds lead to thicker “skin” layers with aligned fibres. As a result, to obtain meaningful data on a particular design of moulding,
25、 an investigator should prepare specimens with the maximum anisotropic properties, as this data will best represent the upper and lower bounds of a composite structure. Since the specimen thickness and injection velocity have a significant influence on the final anisotropy, this part of ISO 294 shou
26、ld only be used for determining information that is useful in designing mouldings, and not as a quality control test for the plastic material itself. BS ISO 294-5:2011ISO 294-5:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved vIntroduction Reinforced and self-reinforcing injection-mouldable thermoplastics are u
27、sed in a wide variety of applications, some of which can be safety-related. During the injection-moulding process, reinforcement fibres can preferentially align with the flow of the molten material and not across the flow direction. This preferential alignment causes an imbalance in the properties o
28、f the moulded thermoplastic so that, in the flow direction, the alignment of the reinforcing fibres causes a higher strength and stiffness than in the cross direction with fewer aligned fibres. This difference in properties is termed anisotropy, and it may result in an injection-moulded component ha
29、ving less than the desired or designed strength. To aid designers in understanding the potential strength of an injection-moulded component, it is desirable to know about the anisotropy of an injection-moulded component. During the development of this part of ISO 294, it was found that injection-mou
30、lded test specimens do not exhibit the same fibre alignment across their thickness, but that the outer layers have fibres preferentially aligned in the mould filling direction while the core has randomly oriented fibres (i.e. no preferential alignme t). The ratio of the cross-sectional area of align
31、ed-fibre orientation (i.e. “skin” layer thickness) to that of random-fibre orientation (i.e. “core” thickness) is affected by the specimen thickness and the mould filling rate, i.e. the average injection velocity. Thicker specimens exhibit a lower proportion of aligned fibres than do thinner specime
32、ns. Slower mould fill speeds lead to thicker “skin” layers with aligned fibres. As a result, to obtain meaningful data on a particular design of moulding, an investigator should prepare specimens with themaximum anisotropic properties, as this data will best represent the upper and lower bounds of a
33、 composite structure. Since the specimen thickness and injection velocity have a significant influence on the final anisotropy, this part of ISO 294 should only be used for determining information that is useful in designing mouldings, and not as a quality control test for the plastic material itsel
34、f. ivBS EN ISO 294-5:2013ISO 294-5:2011(E)BS ISO 294-5:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 294-5:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 1Plastics Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials Part 5: Preparation of standard specimens for investigating anisotropy 1 Scope This part of ISO 2
35、94 specifies a two-cavity mould (designated the type F ISO mould) for the injection moulding of 80 mm 90 mm plates with a preferred thickness of 2 mm for single-point data acquisition because 2 mm has been found to provide the maximum anisotropic properties, with only a slight sensitivity to the rat
36、e of injection. For the design of plastic parts, this will provide upper and lower bounds for the tensile properties. Matching the plate thickness to a given part thickness is not a suitable criterion because of the effect of mould filling rate and part geometry on anisotropy. Suitable test specimen
37、s ISO 527-2 type 1BA tensile test specimens or type 1 (80 mm 10 mm) bars are then machined or die-cut from the plates (see Annex A) and used to obtain information on the anisotropy of thermoplastic parts. Investigation of the anisotropy of materials is a special procedure intended to provide guidanc
38、e in the design of mouldings for end-use applications and is not intended as a quality control tool. In the injection moulding of thermoplastic materials, the flow of molten polymer may influence the orientation of fillers such as fibreglass or the orientation of polymer chains. This can result in a
39、nisotropic behaviour. The knowledge of anisotropic behaviour is valuable in designing plastic parts. For the purposes of this part of ISO 294, the flow direction is defined as the direction from the gate to the far end of the mould cavity, and the cross direction as the direction perpendicular to th
40、e flow direction. The type F mould is not intended to replace the type D mould used to determine the moulding shrinkage of thermoplastics. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited ap
41、plies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 294-1:1996, Plastics Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials Part 1: General principles, and moulding of multipurpose and bar test specimens ISO 527-2, Plastic
42、s Determination of tensile properties Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 294-1 apply. BS EN ISO 294-5:2013BS ISO 294-5:2011ISO 294-5:2011(E) 2 ISO 2011 All rights reserved4 Appa
43、ratus 4.1 Type F ISO mould Plates shall be moulded in a two-cavity type F ISO mould (see Figures 1 and 2). The mould dimensions shall be such that the plates produced measure 80 mm 90 mm (the actual length and width of the mould will vary slightly because of the different shrinkage of different mate
44、rials). The preferred thickness is 2 mm but other thicknesses may be used. A thickness of 2 mm is representative of the actual wall thickness of many mouldings and gives a skin-thickness to core-thickness ratio corresponding to the maximum anisotropic properties. Other thicknesses may be used to giv
45、e different skin-thickness to core-thickness ratios. Key 1 gate (projected area AP 15 000 mm2) 2 sprue (shot volume VS 30 000 mm3) Figure 1 Type F ISO mould BS EN ISO 294-5:2013ISO 294-5:2011(E)BS ISO 294-5:2011ISO 294-5:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 3All dimensions in millimetres 1 (cavity)
46、2 (gate) 3 (flood gate) 4 (runner) Dimension in direction of flow 2090a3,0 6,0 8,0 Dimension normal to flow 2080a80 92 12 Depth/height 2,0b1,0c6,0 6,0 End radiusdNA NA 4,0 NA Top radiusdNA NA 3,0 3,0 aThe actual length and width will depend on the moulding shrinkage of the injection-moulding materia
47、l (see 4.1). b2 mm is the preferred specimen thickness for single-point data acquisition. Cavity depths other than 2 mm may, however, be used to match more closely the thickness of the parts being designed. cThe gate height shall be half the cavity depth if a cavity depth other than 2 mm is used. dT
48、he radius of the end of the flood gate shall be 4 mm, the radius of the top of the flood gate shall be 3 mm and the intersection of the top and end of the flood gate shall be blended to a smooth transition. A pressure sensor may be used to monitor the moulding process, but is not required. The senso
49、r, if used, shall be located centrally with respect to the width of the cavity. If an interchangeable cavity plate of length less than 220 mm is used, it is permissible to use a single flood gate centred on the sprue and no runners. To obtain correct test specimens, it is essential that the dimensions of the moulded plate be as follows: length 85 mm; width 78 mm. Figure 2 Details of type F ISO mould BS EN ISO 294-5:2013ISO 294-5:2011(E)BS ISO 294-5:2011ISO 294-5:2011(E) 4 ISO 2011 All rights reservedThe
