1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO14240-1:2011Determination of soil microbial biomassPart 1: Substrate-induced respirationmethod (ISO 14240-1:1997)ICS 13.080Soil qualityNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 14240-1:2011. It is identical to ISO 14240-1:1997. It supersedes
2、BS 7755-4.4.1:1997, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/4, Soil quality, to Subcommittee EH/4/4,Biological methods.A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does
3、 not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN ISO 14240-1:2011This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Health a
4、nd Environment Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on15 May 1997 BSI 2011Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 31 August 2011 This corrigendum renumbers BS 7755-4.4.1:1997 as BS EN ISO 14240-1:2011 ISBN 978 0 580 73148 8E
5、UROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 14240-1 June 2011 ICS 13.080.30 English Version Soil quality - Determination of soil microbial biomass - Part 1: Substrate-induced respiration method (ISO 14240-1:1997) Qualit du sol - Dtermination de la biomasse microbienne du sol - Partie 1 :
6、 Mthode par respiration induite par le substrat (ISO 14240-1:1997) Bodenbeschaffenheit - Bestimmung der mikrobiellen Biomasse von Bden - Teil 1: Substrat-induziertes Respirationsverfahren (ISO 14240-1:1997) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 June 2011. CEN members are bound to comply wi
7、th the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Mana
8、gement Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same st
9、atus as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portug
10、al, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means r
11、eserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 14240-1:2011: EForeword The text of ISO 14240-1:1997 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 14240-1:2011 by Technical
12、Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be
13、 withdrawn at the latest by December 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regul
14、ations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mal
15、ta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 14240-1:1997 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 14240-1:2011 without any modification. BS EN ISO 14240-1:2011EN ISO 14240-1:2011 (E)Contents
16、PageIntroduction 11 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Definitions 14 Principle 15 Test conditions 16 Reagents and materials 17 Apparatus 28 Procedure 29 Calculation of results 210 Test report 2Annex A (informative) Bibliography Inside back coverBS EN ISO 14240-1:2011EN ISO 14240-1:2011 (E) BSI 2011 i
17、iiThis page deliberately set blank BSI 2011 1IntroductionSoil consists of both living and nonliving components which exist in a complex and heterogeneous environment. Soil microflora is responsible for the degradation of organic matter, stability of aggregates and most nutrient cycling which occurs
18、in soils. The purpose of determining the microbial biomass of soils is to allow assessment of the continued maintenance of soil fertility, the potential ability to degrade organic materials, and the effects of added materials on the natural microbial population.1 ScopeThis part of ISO14240specifies
19、a method for estimating the active aerobic, heterotrophic microbial biomass in aerated agricultural and mineral soils.Determination of the effects of chemicals on biomass is outside the scope of this part of ISO14240.2 Normative referencesThe following standards contain provisions which, through ref
20、erence in this text constitute provisions of this part of ISO14240. At the time of publication the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO14240are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent e
21、ditions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.ISO 10381-6:1993, Soil quality Sampling Part6: Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil for the assessment of aerobic microbial processes in the laboratory.
22、ISO 10390:1994, Soil quality Determination ofpH. ISO 11277:, Soil quality Determination ofparticle size distribution in mineral soil material Method by sieving and sedimentation following removal of soluble salts, organic matter and carbonates1). ISO 11465:1993, Soil quality Determination of dry mat
23、ter and water content on a mass basis Gravimetric method. 3 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this part of ISO14240, the following definitions apply.3.1 soil microbial biomassmass of intact microbial cells in a given soilNOTEThis parameter can be estimated from the measurement of the carbon or nitrogen
24、 content of these cells or by the measurement of their ability to mineralize an added carbon source. Dead cells and cell fragments may be detected when carbon or nitrogen analysis is used, but only intact cells will be detected when respiration is measured.3.2 soil respiration ratevolume of carbon d
25、ioxide released per unit mass of soil per unit time4 PrincipleSoil is amended with a series of increasing concentrations of glucose until a maximum respiration rate is reached (usually within the first hour of the experiment). From this rate, known as the maximum initial respiration rate, the active
26、 biomass can be estimated.5 Test conditionsThe biomass determination shall be performed at a constant temperature of (22 1)C and at a constant moisture content. The soil water content shall be the same as that existing in the environment from which the soil sample was taken.NOTEThe factor used to co
27、nvert the respiration rate into a biomass figure (see clause9) was calculated using a temperature of(22 1)C.6 Reagents and materials6.1 Soil, for which the following soil characteristics shall be determined:a) Physical properties particle size distribution, in accordance with ISO11277; water content
28、 during the incubation period, in accordance with ISO11465.b) Chemical properties pH of soil, in accordance with ISO10390, or determined in KCl or CaCl2 solution; organic matter content, in accordance with ISO10694.The recommendation for collection, handling and storage of soil (ISO10381-6) shall be
29、 followed as far as is applicable.1) To be published.BS EN ISO 14240-1:2011EN ISO 14240-1:2011 (E)2 BSI 20116.2 Finely powdered D-glucose6.3 Fine quartz sand, with a particle size of0,1mm to0,5mm, or talcum powder, for mixing with the glucose (6.2).7 ApparatusThe usual laboratory apparatus and equip
30、ment is required, together with the following items:7.1 Ceramic mortars, for grinding glucose (6.2) with sand or talcum powder (6.3).7.2 Electric hand mixer7.3 Equipment to measure the rate of carbon dioxide(CO2) release from soil samples at regular intervals. This can be achieved by automatic infra
31、red gas analysis, gas chromatography or any other suitable method.8 Procedure8.1 Determination of optimum glucose concentrationAdd an excess of glucose (6.2) to the test soil (6.1) to determine the glucose concentration at which CO2 evolution is observed. Ensure that the amount of glucose added does
32、 not cause inhibitory effects, e.g.the development of adverse osmotic conditions.Prepare sufficient (at least five) samples for testing a range of glucose concentrations.NOTE 1For example, the range of glucose concentrations used for arable soils would be from500mg/kg to6000 mg/kg.Thoroughly grind t
33、he glucose in the mortar (7.1) with the quartz sand or talcum powder (6.2) at a ratio of1 : 5and then mix with the soil.NOTE 2The size of the soil sample depends on the quantity of soil available, the microbial activity of the soil, and the method used for CO2 determination.Measure the rate of evolu
34、tion of CO2 from each soil sample using the equipment selected (7.3) every hour for at least6h. At this stage replication is not necessary.Determine the glucose concentration at which maximum CO2 evolution is observed.8.2 Determination of microbial biomassCarry out the procedure described in8.1 in r
35、eplicate (at least triplicate) using only the glucose concentration at which the maximum rate of CO2 evolution occurred.NOTEIt is also possible to determine biomass using the procedure given in8.1 if sufficient replication is used.9 Calculation of resultsCalculate the biomass, using the lowest CO2 e
36、volution rate obtained after the start of the measurements, with the equation below:X = 40R + 0,37where NOTEThe factor40in the above formula is obtained from the correlation between respiration rate and the amount of soil microbial biomass measured by the fumigation and incubation method in Annex A
37、of reference 5.10 Test reportThe test report shall contain the following information:a) test soil characteristics (see6.1);b) information on the test procedure, i.e.methodology used, equipment and apparatusused (see clause8);c) raw data, figures and/or tables of the results of the analyses.X is the
38、concentration of soil microbial carbon, in milligrams per kilogram;R is the rate of CO2 evolution, in millilitres per kilogram per hour.BS EN ISO 14240-1:2011EN ISO 14240-1:2011 (E) BSI 2011Annex A (informative) Bibliography1 ISO 10694:1995, Soil quality Determination of organic and total carbon aft
39、er dry combustion.2 ISO 11260:1994, Soil quality Determination of effective cation exchange capacity and base saturation using barium chloride solution.3 ISO 11266:1994, Soil quality Guidance on laboratory testing for biodegradation of organic chemicals in soil under aerobic conditions.4 ANDERSON, J
40、.P.E. and DOMSCH, K.H. A physiological method for the quantitative measurement of microbial biomass in soil. Soil Biol. Biochem., 10, 1978, pp. 215221.5 JENKINSON, D.S. and POWLSON, D.S. The effects of biocidal treatments on metabolism in soil.V.Amethod for measuring soil biomass. Soil Biol. Biochem
41、., 8, 1976, pp. 209213.BS EN ISO 14240-1:2011EN ISO 14240-1:2011 (E)BSI GroupHeadquarters 389 Chiswick High Road, London, W4 4AL, UK Tel +44 (0)20 8996 9001 Fax +44 (0)20 8996 7001 standardsBSI - British Standards InstitutionBSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Sta
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