1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 15646:2014Re-sintering test for UO2, (U,Gd)O2and (U,Pu)O2pelletsBS EN ISO 15646:2016(ISO 15646:2014)BS EN ISO 15646:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 15646:2016. It is identical to ISO 15646:2014. It superse
2、des BS ISO 15646:2014 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee NCE/9, Nuclear fuel cycle technology.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include al
3、l the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 90935 1ICS 27.120.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British
4、 Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected31 May 2016 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 15646:2014 as BS EN ISO 15646:2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM
5、 EN ISO 15646 April 2016 ICS 27.120.30 English Version Re-sintering test for UO2, (U,Gd)O2 and (U,Pu)O2 pellets (ISO 15646:2014) Test de refrittage pour pastilles UO2, (U,Gd)O2 et (U,Pu)O2 (ISO 15646:2014) Nachsintertest fr UO2-, (U,Gd)O2- und (U,Pu)O2-Pellets (ISO 15646:2014) This European Standard
6、 was approved by CEN on 21 February 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning su
7、ch national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its ow
8、n language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
9、Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORM
10、UNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 15646:2016 EBS ISO 15646:2014ISO 15646:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword iv1
11、Scope . 12 Brief description of procedure 13 Incidents 14 Apparatus . 14.1 Equipment for measuring density . 14.2 Heat treatment furnace . 25 Reagents 26 Sampling 27 Procedure. 27.1 Density measurements before heat treatment . 27.2 Heat treatment 37.3 Density measurements after heat treatment 38 Eva
12、luation 39 Precision of the procedure . 410 Test report . 4Annex A (informative) Relationship between pellet mass evolution and O/M ratio evolution 5Bibliography 6BS EN ISO 15646:2016EN ISO 15646:2016 (E)EN ISO 15646:2016 (E) 3 European foreword The text of ISO 15646:2014 has been prepared by Techni
13、cal Committee ISO/TC 85 “Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and radiological protection” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 15646:2016 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 430 “Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and radiological protection” t
14、he secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2016. Attenti
15、on is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of th
16、e following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherl
17、ands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 15646:2014 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 15646:2016 without any modification. BS ISO 15646:2014ISO 15646:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserve
18、d iiiContents PageForeword iv1 Scope . 12 Brief description of procedure 13 Incidents 14 Apparatus . 14.1 Equipment for measuring density . 14.2 Heat treatment furnace . 25 Reagents 26 Sampling 27 Procedure. 27.1 Density measurements before heat treatment . 27.2 Heat treatment 37.3 Density measureme
19、nts after heat treatment 38 Evaluation 39 Precision of the procedure . 410 Test report . 4Annex A (informative) Relationship between pellet mass evolution and O/M ratio evolution 5Bibliography 6BS EN ISO 15646:2016ISO 15646:2014(E)BS ISO 15646:2014ISO 15646:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Orga
20、nization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been establis
21、hed has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization
22、.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with th
23、e editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any paten
24、t rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an
25、 explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this
26、 document is ISO/TC 85, Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and radiological protection, Subcommittee SC 5, Nuclear fuel cycle.iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 15646:2014INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15646:2014(E)Re-sintering test for UO2, (U,Gd)O2and (U,Pu)O2pellets1 ScopeThis International Sta
27、ndard describes a procedure for measuring the densification of UO2, (U,Gd)O2, and (U,Pu)O2pellets, achieved by heat treatment under defined conditions.The densification of fuel in power operation is an important design feature. Essentially, it is dependent on structural parameters such as pore size,
28、 spatial pore distribution, grain size, and in the case of (U,Gd)O2and (U,Pu)O2, oxide phase structure. A thermal re-sintering test can be used to characterize the dimensional behaviour of the pellets under high temperature. The results of this test are used by the fuel designer to predict dimension
29、al behaviour in the reactor, because thermal densification in the reactor is also dependent on these structural parameters, albeit in a differing manner in terms of quantity.On the assumption of the prediction, it is necessary to correlate the results of this test by some correlation rules, because
30、the results of this test vastly depend on the re-sintering conditions (such as heat treatment temperature, treatment time, gas content, and partial oxygen pressure).2 Brief description of procedureThe density of nuclear fuel pellets is measured before the re-sintering test. Afterwards, the pellets a
31、re subjected to heat treatment in a furnace under specified conditions with regard to temperature, time, and sintering atmosphere. After cooling, the density is remeasured.The oxygen/metal molar ratio should remain constant during the re-sintering test. The difference between the two density measure
32、ments shall be used to assess the thermal stability of the pellet lot.3 IncidentsMinor chipping can occur during pellet handling. Densities of visibly chipped pellets shall not be measured using the geometric method, as the results will be inaccurate.Densities of such chipped pellets can be measured
33、 using the buoyancy method.4 ApparatusSpecifically for (U,Pu)O2, all operations shall be performed in glove boxes.4.1 Equipment for measuring densityThe same method shall be used before and after the re-sintering of pellets.In 4.1.1 and 4.1.2, two different measurement methods are mentioned as examp
34、les. Other methods can be used if they meet the customer uncertainty requirement.4.1.1 Geometric measurement of densityA dial test indicator or micrometer with precision of 1 m shall be used in order to measure the diameter and the height.Analytical balance with readability of +1 mg for weighing the
35、 pellets. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 15646:2016ISO 15646:2014(E)BS ISO 15646:2014ISO 15646:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is
36、 normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part
37、 in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particula
38、r the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this d
39、ocument may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso
40、.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO
41、 principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 85, Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and radiological protection, Subcommittee SC 5, Nuclear fuel cycle.iv ISO 2014 All rights re
42、servedBS ISO 15646:2014INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15646:2014(E)Re-sintering test for UO2, (U,Gd)O2and (U,Pu)O2pellets1 ScopeThis International Standard describes a procedure for measuring the densification of UO2, (U,Gd)O2, and (U,Pu)O2pellets, achieved by heat treatment under defined conditions.The
43、 densification of fuel in power operation is an important design feature. Essentially, it is dependent on structural parameters such as pore size, spatial pore distribution, grain size, and in the case of (U,Gd)O2and (U,Pu)O2, oxide phase structure. A thermal re-sintering test can be used to charact
44、erize the dimensional behaviour of the pellets under high temperature. The results of this test are used by the fuel designer to predict dimensional behaviour in the reactor, because thermal densification in the reactor is also dependent on these structural parameters, albeit in a differing manner i
45、n terms of quantity.On the assumption of the prediction, it is necessary to correlate the results of this test by some correlation rules, because the results of this test vastly depend on the re-sintering conditions (such as heat treatment temperature, treatment time, gas content, and partial oxygen
46、 pressure).2 Brief description of procedureThe density of nuclear fuel pellets is measured before the re-sintering test. Afterwards, the pellets are subjected to heat treatment in a furnace under specified conditions with regard to temperature, time, and sintering atmosphere. After cooling, the dens
47、ity is remeasured.The oxygen/metal molar ratio should remain constant during the re-sintering test. The difference between the two density measurements shall be used to assess the thermal stability of the pellet lot.3 IncidentsMinor chipping can occur during pellet handling. Densities of visibly chi
48、pped pellets shall not be measured using the geometric method, as the results will be inaccurate.Densities of such chipped pellets can be measured using the buoyancy method.4 ApparatusSpecifically for (U,Pu)O2, all operations shall be performed in glove boxes.4.1 Equipment for measuring densityThe s
49、ame method shall be used before and after the re-sintering of pellets.In 4.1.1 and 4.1.2, two different measurement methods are mentioned as examples. Other methods can be used if they meet the customer uncertainty requirement.4.1.1 Geometric measurement of densityA dial test indicator or micrometer with precision of 1 m shall be used in order to measure the diameter and the height.Analytical balance with readability of +1 mg for weighing the pellets. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 15646:2016BS ISO 15646:2014ISO 15646:2014(E)4.1.2 Measurement of den
