1、Measurement of radioactivity in the environment SoilPart 2: Guidance for the selection of the sampling strategy, sampling and pre-treatment of samplesBS EN ISO 18589-2:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National forewordThis British Standard is the U
2、K implementation of EN ISO 18589-2:2017. It is identical to ISO 18589-2:2015. It supersedes BS ISO 18589-2:2015, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee NCE/2, Radiation protection and measurement.A list of organizations represented on this com
3、mittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 96924 9ICS 13.08
4、0.01; 17.240Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected31 December 2017 This
5、corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 18589-2:2015 as BS EN ISO 18589-2:2017BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 18589-2:2017EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 18589-2October 2017ICS 17.240; 13.080.01EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGCEN
6、-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN Ref. No. EN ISO 18589-2:2017: EAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national MembersMeasurement of radioactivity in the environment - Soil - Part 2: Guidance for the selection of the
7、sampling strategy, sampling and pre-treatment of samples (ISO 18589-2:2015)Mesurage de la radioactivit dans lenvironnement - Sol - Partie 2: Lignes directrices pour la slection de la stratgie dchantillonnage, lchantillonnage et le prtraitement des chantillons (ISO 18589-2:2015)Ermittlung der Radioak
8、tivitt in der Umwelt - Erdboden - Teil 2: Leitlinie fr die Auswahl der Probenahmestrategie, Probenahme und Vorbehandlung der Proben (ISO 18589-2:2015)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 September 2017.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipul
9、ate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Sta
10、ndard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the nat
11、ional standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Se
12、rbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.English VersionEN ISO 18589-2:2017 (E)European forewordThe text of ISO 18589-2:2015 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85 “Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and radiological protection” of the Internatio
13、nal Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 18589-2:2017 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 430 “Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and radiological protection” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national sta
14、ndard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2018.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CE
15、N shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
16、 Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.En
17、dorsement noticeThe text of ISO 18589-2:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18589-2:2017 without any modification.2BS EN ISO 18589-2:2017ISO 18589-2:2015(E)Foreword vIntroduction vi1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms, definitions, and symbols 14 Principle 25 Sampling strategy 35.1 General
18、 . 35.2 Initial investigation . 35.3 Types of sampling strategies. 45.4 Selection of the sampling strategy . 46 Sampling plan 56.1 General . 56.2 Selection of sampling areas, units, and points . 56.2.1 General 56.2.2 Sampling for use with a probabilistic strategy 66.2.3 Sampling for use with an orie
19、ntated strategy 66.2.4 Selection criteria of sampling areas and sampling units . 66.3 Identification of sampling areas, units, and points 76.4 Selection of field equipment 77 Sampling process . 87.1 General . 87.2 Collection of samples . 97.2.1 Selection of sampling depth versus objectives of the st
20、udy . 97.2.2 Sampling surface soil 117.2.3 Sampling soil profile 117.3 Preparation of the sorted sample 137.4 Identification and packaging of samples . 137.4.1 General. 137.4.2 Sample identification 137.4.3 Sample sheet.147.5 Transport and storage of samples . 148 Pre-treatment of samples.158.1 Prin
21、ciple . 158.2 Laboratory equipment 158.3 Procedure . 169 Determination of the activity deposited onto the soil 169.1 General 169.2 Determination using surface activity data . 169.3 Determination by integration of soil profile activity data 1710 Recorded information 18Annex A (informative) Diagram of
22、 the selection of the sampling strategy according to the objectives and the radiological characterization of the site and sampling areas 19Annex B (informative) Diagram of the evolution of the sample characteristics from the sampling site to the laboratory 20Annex C (informative) Example of sampling
23、 plan for a site divided in three sampling areas (A, B, C) .21Annex D (informative) Example of a sampling record for a single/composite sample 22 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 18589-2:2017ISO 18589-2:2015(E)Annex E (informative) Example for a sample record for a soil profile
24、 with soil description .23Bibliography .25iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 18589-2:2017ISO 18589-2:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards
25、 is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take p
26、art in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In partic
27、ular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of thi
28、s document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.
29、iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the
30、WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary information.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 85, Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and radiological protection, Subcommittee SC 2, Radiological protection.This second editi
31、on cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18589-2:2007), which has been technically revised.ISO 18589 consists of the following parts, under the general title Measurement of radioactivity in the environment Soil: Part 1: General guidelines and definitions Part 2: Guidance for the selection of t
32、he sampling strategy, sampling and pre-treatment of samples Part 3: Test method for gamma-emitting radionuclides using gamma ray spectrometry Part 4: Measurement of plutonium isotopes (plutonium 238 and plutonium 239+240) by alpha spectrometry Part 5: Measurement of strontium 90 Part 6: Measurement
33、of gross alpha and gross beta activities Part 7: In situ measurement of gamma-emitting radionuclides ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 18589-2:2017ISO 18589-2:2015(E)IntroductionThis International Standard is published in several parts to be used jointly or separately according to needs. ISO 1
34、8589-1 to ISO 18589-6 concerning the measurements of radioactivity in the soil, have been prepared simultaneously. These parts are complementary and are addressed to those responsible for determining the radioactivity present in soils. The first two parts are general in nature. ISO 18589-3 to ISO 18
35、589-5 deal with radionuclide-specific measurements and ISO 18589-6 deals with non-specific measurements of gross alpha or gross beta activities. ISO 18589-7 deals with the measurement of gamma emitters radionuclides using in situ spectrometry.Additional parts can be added to ISO 18589 in the future
36、if the standardization of the measurement of other radionuclides becomes necessary.vi ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 18589-2:2017Measurement of radioactivity in the environment Soil Part 2: Guidance for the selection of the sampling strategy, sampling and pre-treatment of samples1 ScopeThis p
37、art of ISO 18589 specifies the general requirements, based on ISO 11074 and ISO/IEC 17025, for all steps in the planning (desk study and area reconnaissance) of the sampling and the preparation of samples for testing. It includes the selection of the sampling strategy, the outline of the sampling pl
38、an, the presentation of general sampling methods and equipment, as well as the methodology of the pre-treatment of samples adapted to the measurements of the activity of radionuclides in soil.This part of ISO 18589 is addressed to the people responsible for determining the radioactivity present in s
39、oil for the purpose of radiation protection. It is applicable to soil from gardens, farmland, urban, or industrial sites, as well as soil not affected by human activities.This part of ISO 18589 is applicable to all laboratories regardless of the number of personnel or the range of the testing perfor
40、med. When a laboratory does not undertake one or more of the activities covered by this part of ISO 18589, such as planning, sampling, or testing, the corresponding requirements do not apply.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this docume
41、nt and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 31-9, Quantities and units Part 9: Atomic and nuclear physicsISO 11074, Soil quality Vocabu
42、laryISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratoriesISO 18589-1, Measurement of radioactivity in the environment Soil Part 1: General guidelines and definitions3 Terms, definitions, and symbolsFor the purposes of this document, the terms, definitions, an
43、d symbols given in ISO 31-9, ISO 18589-1, ISO 11074, and the following apply.e thickness of the layer sampledmsswet mass of the sorted samplemsswet mass of a subsample of the sorted samplemtsdry mass of the test samplea activity per unit of mass of the test sampleINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18589-2:2
44、015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 18589-2:2017ISO 18589-2:2015(E)ASactivity per unit areaS surface area sampled4 PrincipleThe purpose of the measurement of soil radioactivity is to monitor the environmental impact of radioactive substances1and/or to assess the radiological impact on the
45、 population.2,3,4,5The main objectives of the measurement of radionuclides in soil (see ISO 18589-1) are the following: characterization of radioactivity in the environment; routine surveillance of the impact of radioactivity released from nuclear installations or of the general evolution of the rad
46、ioactivity in a region; investigations of accidents and incidents; planning and surveillance of remedial action; decommissioning of installations or the disposal of materials.Consequently, measurements of soil radioactivity are performed in a variety of situations, but a generic approach can be desc
47、ribed, with the following steps as outlined in this part of ISO 18589:a) Planning process Selection of the sampling strategyThe selection of the sampling strategy depends on the main objectives and on the results of the initial investigation of the area. The sampling strategy shall lead to the knowl
48、edge of the nature, activity concentrations, spatial distribution, as well as temporal evolution of the radionuclides, taking into account changes caused by migration, atmospheric conditions, and land/soil use.An initial investigation of the area shall be carried out to determine the sampling strate
49、gy.ISO 10381-16gives general guidance on the selection of the sampling strategy; ISO 10381-47gives specific guidance for the investigation of natural, near-natural, and cultivated areas; and ISO 10381-58deals with the investigation of soil contamination at urban and industrial sites.Details are given in Clause 5 and a scheme for the selection of the sampling strategy is given in Annex A.b) Planning process Sampling planThe sampling plan shall be developed according to the sampling strategy selected
