1、19144-1:2012ICS35.240.70NOCOPYINGWITHOUTBSIPERMISSIONEXCEPTASPERMITTEDBYCOPYRIGHTLAWBRITISHSTANDARDGeographicinformationClassificationsystemsPart1:Classificationsystem structureEN ISOBS BS EN ISO 19144-1:2012Incorporating corrigendum August 2012National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implem
2、entation of EN ISO 19144-1:2012. It is identical to ISO 19144-1:2009. It supersedes BS ISO 19144-1:2009, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/36, Geographic information.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtaine
3、d on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.EN ISO 19144-1:2012This British Standardwas publis
4、hed underthe authority of theStandards Policy andStrategy Committee on 30September 2009 The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 30 June 2012 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 19144-1:2009 as BS EN ISO
5、19144-1:2012.ISBN 978 0 580 75773 0BS National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 19144-1:2012. It is identical to ISO 19144-1:2009. It supersedes BS ISO 19144-1:2009, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/36
6、, Geographic information.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard can
7、not confer immunity from legal obligations.EN ISO 19144-1:2012This British Standardwas published underthe authority of theStandards Policy andStrategy Committee on 30September 2009 The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012Amendments/corrigenda issued since publi
8、cationDate Comments 30 June 2012 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 19144-1:2009 as BS EN ISO 19144-1:2012.ISBN 978 0 580 75773 0BS BS EN ISO 19144-1:2012ISBN 978 0 580 80144 0Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments30 June 2012 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 19144-1:2009 as BS
9、EN ISO 19144-1:2012.31 October 2012 Implementation of ISO corrigendum August 2012: Clause 5.5.4 and Figure 8 updatedThis British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2009 The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI Sta
10、ndards Limited 2012This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 19144-1:2012. It is identical to ISO 19144-1:2009, incorporating corrigendum August 2012. It supersedes BS ISO 19144-1:2009, which is withdrawn.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 19144-1 April 2012 ICS
11、35.240.70 English Version Geographic information - Classification systems - Part 1: Classification system structure (ISO 19144-1:2009) Information gographique - Systmes de classification - Partie 1: Structure de systme de classification (ISO 19144-1:2009) Geoinformation - Klassifizierungssysteme - T
12、eil 1: Struktur des Klassifizierungssystems (ISO 19144-1:2009) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 March 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard with
13、out any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
14、language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, De
15、nmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE
16、 NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 19144-1:2012: E ISO 2012 iiiContents PageForewordivIntroduction.v1Scope12Co
17、nformance .12.1 Classes.12.2 Conformance of a classification system.12.3 Conformance of a register of classifiers.12.4 Representation of classification results.13Normative references14Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms24.1 Terms and definitions.24.2 Abbreviated terms.45Classification systems55
18、.1 Concept55.2 Classification and legend.75.3 Hierarchical versus non-hierarchical systems.85.4 A priori and a posteriori classification systems85.5 Structure of classified data95.6 A classification data set136Management of classifiers .146.1 General .146.2 Concept dictionary register for a classifi
19、cation scheme 156.3 Management of classifiers through registration156.4 Register structure15Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite24Annex B (informative) A priori and a posteriori classification systems .26Bibliography30BS EN ISO 19144-1:2012 EN ISO 19144-1:2012 (E)Foreword The text of ISO 19144-1:
20、2009 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211 “Geographic information/Geomatics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 19144-1:2012 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 287 “Geographic Information” the secretariat of which is held by BSI. T
21、his European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of
22、 the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implemen
23、t this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switze
24、rland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 19144-1:2009 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 19144-1:2012 without any modification. ivBS EN ISO 19144-1:2012 EN ISO 19144-1:2012 (E) ISO 2012 ISO 2012 vIntroduction This part of ISO19144 is based on publications of the Foo
25、d and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the UnitedNations12. The first in a series of International Standards related to geographic classification systems, it defines the structure of such systems, together with the mechanismfor defining and registering classifiers.Since there are many different pos
26、sible application areas, there is no single classification system that willserve all needs. The method by which classifiers are defined depends upon the application area. In addition,the classifiers used within a particular application area might not be adequate for all situations encountered within
27、 that application area and could need to be augmented over time. To facilitate extension of the set ofclassifiers in a particular application area, classifiers are registeredin a register structure compliantwith ISO19135. This allows the set of classifiers to be maintained. The use of the ISO19135 r
28、egistrationmechanism allows for separate registers to be defined for different sets of classifiers within multipleinformation communities, thereby satisfying application needs. This approach allows for independence between information communities, but also allows relationships to be developed betwee
29、n differentclassification systems that potentially allow the conversion, or partial conversion, of data from one classification system to another, or the fusion of data from two separate sources.The concept of classification systems is well known in the geographic information community. A classifica
30、tionsystem can be used to subdivide any geographic area into small units, each of which carries an identifier that describes its type. The results can then be represented as a discrete coverage as described in ISO 19123.Many such classification systems can be defined to address anygeographic area. D
31、ifferent application areasand different information communities can define their own classification systems. However, if theclassification system is defined in a compatible way, interaction between different information communitiesbecomes possible. In addition, in a particular application area, it i
32、s desirable that there be a few well-established classification systems, and that these themselves be standardized within information communities. This part of ISO 19144 describes the common structure, while subsequent parts will allow for the standardization of specific classification systems.A cov
33、erage is a function that returns values from its range for anydirect positionwithin its spatial, temporal orspatiotemporal domain. A discrete coverage is a function that returns the same feature attribute values forevery direct position within any single spatial object, temporal object or spatiotemp
34、oral object in its domain. The domain is an area covered by the coverage function, and the discrete coverage breaks that area downinto a set of spatial, temporal or spatiotemporal objects. The geometry of the discrete coverage used torepresent the results of applying a classification system can be a
35、ny type of discrete coverage fo r example, a set of polygons fitted together like a jig-saw puzzle, a set of grid cells, or a set of points or curves. A classification system consists of a set of classifiers. These classifiersmay be algorithmically defined, orestablished according to a set of classi
36、fication system definitions. The classifiers are application-area-dependent and are or will be defined in the other parts of ISO19144 or other standards orpublications. A register allows for the maintenance of a set of classifiers for a particular application area. Aspatial, temporal or spatiotempor
37、al object defined in terms of a set of classifiers is a classified object. There is a commonality between conventional geographic features and classified objects. A feature is definedin ISO19101 as an abstraction of real world phenomena. An example of a class of feature is a building, and aparticula
38、r building, e.g. the UN building in New York, is an instance of a feature class. Conventionalgeographic features are atomic units that are assembled to build one typeof geographic information data set. A classification system works in the opposite manner, from the top down, by successively decomposi
39、ng thewhole within a coverage area. Classified objects are features, in that they are an abstraction of a real world phenomena, but classified objects are not atomic, because they are necessarily related to each other by theclassifiers that decompose the whole. In a simple example of a classificatio
40、n system, the earth as a whole can be covered byeither “land” or “water”, and two classifiers can be defined partitioning the attribute range intoBS EN ISO 19144-1:2012 EN ISO 19144-1:2012 (E)vi ISO 2012two, identifying objects as being either land or water. Any particular area on the earth, corresp
41、onding to aclassified object, would be of type “land” or “water”.ISO19135 specifies that a technical standard be required to define the item classes in any conformant register. This part of ISO19144 defines schemas for registers conformant to ISO19135 and serves as thetechnical standard that defines
42、 the item classes required for the registration of classifiers. It establishes a set of rules for specifying definitions that can be used in a particular context to establish classified objects.Registers of classifiers canserve as sources of reference for similar registers established by other geogr
43、aphic information communities as part of a system of cross-referencing. Cross-referencing between respective itemsin registers of classifiersmight be difficult in cases where the structure of registers differs between informationcommunities. This part of ISO19144 can serve as a guide for different i
44、nformation communities for thedevelopment of compatible registers that can support a system of classifier cross-referencing. The structure of a classification system together with the mechanism of defining and registering classifiers defined in this part of ISO19144 is general and can be applied to
45、many different information-community-defined classification systems, including soil, landform, vegetation, urbanization and systemsforunderstanding biodiversity and climate change. The use of this document will allow the relationship betweendifferent classification systems to be described.BS EN ISO
46、19144-1:2012 EN ISO 19144-1:2012 (E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2012 1Geographic information Classification systems Part 1: Classification system structure1 Scope This part of ISO19144 establishes the structure of a geographic information classification system, togetherwith the mechanismfor defining
47、and registering the classifiers forsuch a system. It specifies the use of discrete coverages to represent the result of applying the classification system to a particular area and defines the technical structure of a register of classifiers in accordance with ISO19135. The structure can be used to d
48、evelop specific classification systems that address particular application areas,specified in other parts of ISO 19144. 2 Conformance 2.1 Classes Three conformance classes are identified in this part of ISO 19144. 2.2Conformance of a classification system Any classification system for which conforma
49、nce to this part of ISO19144 is claimed shall be in accordancewith Annex A (see A.2). 2.3Conformance of a register of classifiers Any register of classifiers for which conformance to this part of ISO19144 is claimed shall be in accordancewith Annex A (see A.3) and ISO 19135:2005, A.1. 2.4Representation of classification results Anylegend of classifiers for which conformance to this part of ISO19144 is claimed shall be in accordance with Annex A (see A.4). 3 NormativereferencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this docu
