1、 ETSI TR 102 263 V1.1.2 (2004-02)Technical Report Electromagnetic compatibilityand Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT);Radio equipment to be used in the 77 GHz to 81 GHz band;System Reference Document forautomotive collision warning Short Range RadarETSI ETSI TR
2、 102 263 V1.1.2 (2004-02) 2 Reference RTR/ERM-RM-022 Keywords EHF, radar, radio, RTTT, short range, SRD, SRDOC, UWB ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif en
3、registre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in con
4、tents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the docum
5、ent may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, send your comment to: editoretsi.org Copyright Notification No part may be rep
6、roduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2004. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM and UMTSTM are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Mem
7、bers. TIPHONTMand the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks currently being registered by ETSI for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI TR 102 263 V1.1.2 (2004-02) 3 Contents Intellectual Propert
8、y Rights4 Foreword.4 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 References 5 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .5 3.1 Definitions5 3.2 Symbols8 3.3 Abbreviations .8 4 Executive summary 9 4.1 Status of the present document.9 4.2 Technical issues9 4.2.1 Introduction.9 4.2.2 Technical characteristics of the SRR
9、s.9 5 Conclusions 10 Annex A: Market information 11 A.1 Applications .11 A.2 Market size and value.11 A.3 Traffic evaluation .13 Annex B: Technical information 14 B.1 Technical description .14 B.2 Technical justification for spectrum.15 B.2.1 Power15 B.2.2 Frequency bandwidth .16 Annex C: Expected c
10、ompatibility issues 18 C.1 Coexistence studies 18 C.2 Current ITU allocations19 Annex D: Bibliography20 History 21 ETSI ETSI TR 102 263 V1.1.2 (2004-02) 4 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pert
11、aining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secret
12、ariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or
13、the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). The present document includes necessary inform
14、ation to support the co-operation under the MoU between ETSI and the Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Post and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) for the purpose of amending annex 5 (RTTT) of the CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03 1 in order to include 79 GHz
15、 Short Range Radars for automotive collision warning. Introduction The industry has responded to European Commission programs and has developed new Short Range Radar (SRR) solutions for Road Safety and Intelligent Transport Systems. This is in support of such programs as e-Safety, IST, the EU Approa
16、ch to Road Safety and Intelligent Transport systems (ITS) and RESPONSE, Project TR4022 4 (see clause 2). This Systems Reference document relates to a basic element of the IST program for the automotive sector and can be applied in a variety of applications. The objective and focus of “The EU Approac
17、h to Road Safety and Intelligent Transport systems (ITS)“ (see bibliography), “Intelligent Vehicle Systems“ are defined as “Improve Safety, Security, Comfort and Efficiency in all Transport modes“ and “Focusing on Advanced Pilot/Driver Assistance Systems (in support of vision, alertness, manoeuvring
18、, automated driving compliance with the regulations, etc)“. The presentdocument is needed for the process of implementing the initiated ECC decision and to follow the EC mandate to CEPT to harmonize the SRR spectrum and to facilitate a coordinated EU introduction of SRR, specifically the definition
19、of a permanent frequency for SRR. ECC bodies have identified the 77 GHz to 81 GHz range for the permanent SRR frequency and an appropriate ECC/CEPT decision is being prepared. The following information is included in the annexes A, B and C of the present document: Annex A: Detailed market informatio
20、n. Annex B: Technical information. Annex C: Expected compatibility issues. ETSI ETSI TR 102 263 V1.1.2 (2004-02) 5 1 Scope The present document applies to Short Range Devices (SRD) in the field of Short Range Radars (SRR) operating at a frequency band in the 79 GHz range (within 77 GHz to 81 GHz) fo
21、r exterior automotive applications for vehicle environmental sensing. It covers integrated transceivers and separate transmit/receive modules: transmitters operating in range from 77 GHz to 81 GHz with peak power levels ranging up to 55 dBm; receivers operating in the range from 77 GHz to 81 GHz. Th
22、e present document applies to low power motion and distance monitoring radars for automotive applications, operating on radio frequencies in the 77 GHz to 81 GHz band, with mean power densities of up to 23,5 dBm. The remaining elements of the present document concentrate on the technical matters tha
23、t are required to assist ECC/CEPT working groups FM and SE. 2 References For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR) the following references apply: 1 CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03 (2003): “Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)“. 2 Fotis Karamitsos: “The EU approach to Road Safety and
24、Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), http:/www.cordis.lu/en/“. 3 ETSI EN 301 091-1: “ElectroMagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Technical characteristics and test methods for radar equipment operating in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz band; Pa
25、rt 1: Technical characteristics and test methods“. 4 IST -19910107, PROTECTOR (Preventive safety for unprotected road users). http:/www.cordis.lu/en/. 5 ITS, Mobile information society, Advanced driver assistance systems. 6 SRD/MG(03)31, EC Mandate to CEPT to harmonize Spectrum to facilitate a coord
26、inated EU introduction of Automotive Short Range Radar Systems. 7 ECC Decision (02)01: “ECC Decision of 15 March 2002 on the frequency bands to be designated for the co-ordinated introduction of Road Transport and Traffic Telematic Systems“. 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions F
27、or the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: accuracy: degree of conformity of a measured or calculated value to its definition or with respect to a standard reference (see uncertainty) auto-correlation: measure of the similarity between a signal and a time-shi
28、fted replica of itself bandwidth: range of frequencies, expressed in Hertz (Hz), that can pass over a given transmission channel NOTE: The bandwidth determines the rate at which information can be transmitted. Half Power Beam Width (HPBW): in an antenna, the angular sector in degrees of the radiated
29、 power pattern at the half-power (3 dB) point ETSI ETSI TR 102 263 V1.1.2 (2004-02) 6 Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK): DSB suppressed carrier discrete phase modulation car parc penetration: proportion of registered cars which are equipped with SRRs chip: time it takes to transmit a bit or single sy
30、mbol of a PN code coherent homodyne detection: synchronous receive process with a local carrier of same frequency and phase correlator: SS receiver component that demodulates a Spread Spectrum signal; a device that measures the similarity between an incoming signal and a stored replica cross-correla
31、tion: measure of the similarity of two different signals de-spreading: process used by a correlator to recover narrowband information from a spread spectrum signal diffraction loss: loss between two antennas caused by the scattering of energy from obstruction in the path directive gain: in a given d
32、irection, 4 pi times ratio of the radiation intensity in that direction to the total power radiated by the antenna relative gain: ratio of the intensity at any direction to the maximum intensity drift (frequency): linear (first-order) component of a systematic change in frequency of an oscillator ov
33、er time drift is due to aging plus changes in the environment and other factors external to the oscillator data symbol. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS): it can be assumed that the information signal in DSSS transmission is spread at baseband, and the spread signal is then modulated in a secon
34、d stage dwell time: continuous time duration a carrier frequency stays within a given frequency channel FCC NPRM: regulative authority of the United States (FCC) has started a rule making process regarding ultra wideband transmitters which will result into a standard amendment of 47FDR part 15 NOTE:
35、 One important document during this process is the notice of proposed rulemaking, released in 5/2000. fractional bandwidth: in a design the ratio of necessary bandwidth divided by the carrier frequency e.g. 4 GHz / 79 GHz = 5 % free-space path loss: in an antenna, the loss between two isotropic radi
36、ators in free space resulting from the decrease in power density with the square of the separation distance frequency allocation: band of radio frequencies identified by an upper and lower frequency limit earmarked for use by one or more of the 38 terrestrial and space radio communications services
37、defined by the International Telecommunication Union under specified conditions frequency assignment: authorization given by a nations government for a station or an operator in that country to use a specific radio frequency channel under specified conditions Frequency Shift Keying (FSK): modulation
38、 where the data causes the frequency of the carrier to change from one frequency to another on discrete stages gain, dBd: antenna gain, expressed in decibels referenced to a half wave dipole gain, dBi: antenna gain, expressed in decibels referenced to a theoretical isotropic radiator gain, dBic: ant
39、enna gain, expressed in decibels referenced to a theoretical isotropic radiator that is circularly polarized Industrial Scientific, Medical bands (ISM): frequency bands in which non-radio RF emissions can be allocated NOTE: Generally also allowed for secondary radio services i.e. SRDs. isotropic rad
40、iator: hypothetical, loss less antenna having equal radiation intensity in all directions; used as a zero-dB gain reference in pattern measurements or directivity calculations K, Ku, Ka bands: frequency band between 18 GHz and 27 GHz, Ku 12 GHz to 18 GHz, Ka 27 GHz to 40 GHz ETSI ETSI TR 102 263 V1.
41、1.2 (2004-02) 7 microwave: signal in the generic frequency range from above 1 GHz to an upper end of perhaps 30 GHz or 40 GHz NOTE: This is the frequency range where coaxial cabled TEM mode signal propagation is viable. narrowband: classification for the spectral width of a transmission system NOTE:
42、 Generally considered if the fractional BW is below 1 % of the carrier frequency. noncoherent detection: envelope receive process without phase coherency to the reference carrier but any subcarrier occupied BW bandwidth of an emission defined for UWB or alike systems as 10 dB bandwidth of the power
43、spectral density NOTE 1: The definitions (such as Occupied bandwidth, Necessary Bandwidth, ) related to UWB are currently under study in CEPT and ITU-R Recommendation TG 1/8. Upon completion of this work ETSI will be in a position to update this definition if necessary. Therefore for the time being
44、this definition is not to be added to any ETSI definition database. NOTE 2: 10 dB definition also according FCC NPRM. PN Code: a digital bit stream with noise-like characteristics Power Spectral Density (PSD) (dBm/Hz): some limit specifications prefer a definition of PSD as a power in a certain meas
45、urement resolution bandwidth, e.g. -30 dBm in 1 MHz, which is equivalent -90 dBm/Hz Pulse Desensitization Correction Factor (PDCF): technique used to determine the true pulse amplitude based on measurements taken from a spectrum analyser, which has less resolution bandwidth then the signal to be mea
46、sured NOTE: The analysers impulse response is unable to transfer the input pulse shape into an similar narrow output shape but distort the shape magnitude (decrease) as well as the pulse duration (increase). A pulse desensitization correction factor was designed specifically for measuring the peak o
47、utput level of pulsed radar transmissions. The PDCF is defined as 20log(B_signal/RBW_analyser) with respect to the peak field strength (see HP application note 150-1 PDCF with regard to amplitude spectrum). Pseudo Noise (PN): digital signal with noise-like properties NOTE: Also a wideband modulation
48、 which imparts noise-like characteristics to an RF signal. polarization: in an antenna, the direction in which the electric field vector is aligned during the passage of at least one full cycle pseudo random binary sequence: pattern of digital data which has a random information content NOTE: The IT
49、U specifies a variety of sequences with different lengths identified by a PN number. processing gain: ratio of the bandwidth of a spread spectrum signal to the bandwidth of the baseband signal Radiation Pattern (RP): graphical representation in either polar or rectangular coordinates of the spatial energy distributions of an antenna reflection: in an antenna, the redirection of an impinging RF wave from a conducting surface refraction: bending of an RF wave while passing through a non-uniform transmission medium resolution: degree to which a m
