1、 ETSI TR 103 181-2 V1.1.1 (2014-06) Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band (UWB); Transmission characteristics Part 2: UWB mitigation techniques TECHNICAL REPORT ETSI ETSI TR 103 181-2 V1.1.1 (2014-06)2Reference DTR/ERM-TGUWB-0
2、07-2 Keywords DAA, radar, radio, SRD, testing, UWB ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important not
3、ice The present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In
4、 case of any existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the do
5、cument may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.ets
6、i.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI. The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without th
7、e written authorization of ETSI. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2014. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.
8、 3GPPTM and LTE are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 103 181-2 V1.1.1 (2014-06)3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 5g3Foreword . 5g3
9、Modal verbs terminology 5g3Introduction 5g31 Scope 7g32 References 7g32.1 Normative references . 7g32.2 Informative references 7g33 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 10g33.1 Definitions 10g33.2 Symbols 11g33.3 Abbreviations . 12g34 Overview of UWB Applications and Regulation in ECC/EC 13g34.1
10、 Summary of UWB application defined in Europe 13g34.2 Summary of mitigation techniques allowed for UWB applications . 16g35 Active Mitigation Techniques 18g35.1 Listen Before Talk (LBT) . 19g35.1.1 General description . 19g35.1.2 Technical parameters and implementation in ECC/EC regulation . 19g35.1
11、.2.1 Building material analysis (BMA) 19g35.1.2.2 Material Sensing devices other than BMA (e.g. ODC) . 22g35.2 Detect and Avoid (DAA) . 25g35.2.1 General description . 25g35.2.2 Technical parameters and implementation in ECC/EC regulation . 30g35.2.2.1 Non-specific applications 30g35.2.2.2 Location
12、tracking type 1 (LT1) . 30g35.2.2.3 Location tracking type 2 (LT2) . 30g35.2.2.4 Location Application for emergency Services (LAES) . 31g35.2.2.5 Automotive and Railway . 31g35.3 Total (or Transmitter) Power Control (TPC) 31g35.3.1 General description . 31g35.3.2 Technical parameters and implementat
13、ion in ECC/EC regulation . 32g35.3.2.1 Material Sensing Devices other than BMA (fixed installations only) . 32g35.3.2.2 Level probing radars . 33g35.3.2.3 Automotive and railway 33g35.4 Difference between DAA and TPC 34g36 Passive Mitigation Techniques . 36g36.1 Low Duty Cycle (LDC) 36g36.1.1 Genera
14、l description . 36g36.1.2 Technical parameters and implementation in ECC/EC regulation . 37g36.1.2.1 Generic UWB usage 37g36.1.2.2 Location tracking equipment . 38g36.1.2.3 Automotive and railway vehicles 38g36.1.2.4 Material Sensing Devices other than BMA . 38g36.1.2.5 Tank level probing radar . 39
15、g36.1.2.6 Level Probing Radars 39g36.1.2.7 Trading LDC against transmitted power . 40g36.2 Radiation pattern mitigations . 41g36.2.1 Total Radiated Power (TRP) . 41g36.2.1.1 General description . 41g36.2.1.2 Technical parameters and implementation in ECC/EC regulation 43g3ETSI ETSI TR 103 181-2 V1.1
16、.1 (2014-06)46.2.1.2.1 Material Sensing Devices other than BMA, non-fixed installations . 43g36.2.1.2.2 Building Material Analysis 43g36.2.2 Restrictions on angular sectors of radiation 44g36.2.2.1 General description . 44g36.2.2.2 Technical parameters and implementation in ECC/EC regulation 44g36.2
17、.2.2.1 Automotive and railway 44g36.2.2.2.2 Location Tracking Type 2 (LT2, fixed outdoor installation only) . 46g36.2.2.2.3 Material Sensing Devices (fixed installations only) 46g36.2.3 Shielding . 48g36.2.3.1 General description . 48g36.2.3.2 Technical parameters and implementation in ECC/EC regula
18、tion 48g36.2.3.2.1 Tank Level Probing Radars (LPR) 48g36.2.3.2.2 Automotive and Railway . 48g3Annex A: Quantitative analysis for the technique of trading LDC against transmitted power . 52g3A.1 Executive summary 52g3A.2 Introduction: trading LDC against transmitted power 53g3A.3 Basic assumptions 54
19、g3A.3.1 Definitions and terms . 54g3A.3.2 Analyzed scenarios . 54g3A.4 Single interferer scenario analysis 55g3A.4.1 Fundamental remarks: benefits implied by a linear trading of duty cycle against transmitted power 55g3A.4.2 High level description of the mathematical model used for evaluating LDC tr
20、ading versus Ptxin the single interferer scenario 59g3A.4.3 Simulations results of trading LDC against TX power in single interferer scenario 60g3A.4.4 Conclusion about single interferer scenario . 62g3A.5 Aggregated scenario analysis . 63g3A.5.1 Introduction 63g3A.5.2 High level description of the
21、mathematical model used for evaluating LDC versus Ptxtrading in the aggregated interferer scenario 65g3A.5.3 Simulation results and analysis in high density scenario (grid) 66g3A.5.4 Simulation results and analysis in lower density scenario (rings) 67g3A.5.5 Conclusions for aggregated interferer sce
22、nario 69g3Annex B: Details on the mathematical models used for the evaluation of trading LDC against transmitted power . 70g3B.1 Mathematical model for the single interferer scenario . 70g3B.1.1 Model of interference between a single jammer transmission and a generic victim service 70g3B.1.2 Validat
23、ion of the model: matching and comparison with results of JRC report . 71g3B.2 Mathematical model for the aggregated scenario . 75g3B.2.1 Criterion for the evaluation of the trading of PSD against the LDC in an aggregated scenario . 75g3B.2.1 High density and low density aggregated scenarios . 77g3H
24、istory 79g3ETSI ETSI TR 103 181-2 V1.1.1 (2014-06)5Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can
25、be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/ipr.etsi.org). Pursuant to the ETSI IP
26、R Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword Thi
27、s Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). The present document is part 2 of a multi-part deliverable covering Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ul
28、tra Wide Band (UWB); Transmission characteristics, as identified below: Part 1: “Signal characteristics“; Part 2: “UWB mitigation techniques“. Modal verbs terminology In the present document “shall“, “shall not“, “should“, “should not“, “may“, “may not“, “need“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“
29、 and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation. Introduction Ultra Wideband technology (UWB) provides a very flex
30、ible technology for many fields of applications, like sensors, radars, short range telecommunications, etc. The main characteristic of an UWB transmission is its very high bandwidth (greater than 50 MHz in ECC countries), combined with the capability to generating signals with reduced power consumpt
31、ion at the transmitter. This enables a variety of new applications, such that low power is required with very high bandwidth. Due to its very large bandwidth, an UWB application should limit emissions in other bands, which may interfere with other applications. Therefore trade-offs between the trans
32、mitter power levels required by the intended UWB application and the low level of emissions that may be received by potential victim applications, without jeopardizing them, needs to be carefully assessed. A way for increasing flexibility in designing UWB application, allowing higher power level of
33、transmitted power and preventing at the same time harmful interference on other bands, are the so called mitigation techniques. A mitigation technique is a limitation imposed over specific transmissions characteristics (e.g. duty cycle, special rules for accessing the medium, limitation of the radia
34、ted pattern within specific angular sectors, etc.), under which adoption the transmission may be enabled or the transmitted power levels may be increased. ETSI ETSI TR 103 181-2 V1.1.1 (2014-06)6There are two different kinds of usage of mitigation techniques in EU standards: a mitigation may be impo
35、sed as a mandatory requirement or it may be allowed as an optional requirement. When a mitigation is used as a mandatory requirement, a device is allowed to operate only if it adopts that mitigation; when a mitigation is used as an optional requirement, devices using the mitigation are allowed to in
36、crease the emitted power limits with respect to devices not using any mitigation. In UWB standards there are examples of both these usage. In the present document a summary of the mitigation techniques allowed for UWB, classified by kinds of application and range of frequency, is presented. The pres
37、ent document presents a summary of the different UWB applications covered by current ETSI standards. Then, starting from this summary, the different mitigation techniques are described and for each of the listed applications, the related technical parameters implemented in ETSI standards or EC and E
38、CC regulations are reported. ETSI ETSI TR 103 181-2 V1.1.1 (2014-06)71 Scope The present document summarizes the requirements for different mitigation techniques adopted by Ultra Wide Band (UWB) applications. Covered mitigation techniques are Listen Before Talk (LBT), Detect and Avoid (DAA), Transmi
39、tter Power Control (TPC), Low Duty Cycle (LDC), Radiation Power Limitation like Total Radiated Power limits (TRP), Exterior Limit, restrictions on e.i.r.p. over predefined angular sectors and shielding. Additional information is given in the following annexes: Quantitative analysis for the technique
40、 of trading LDC against transmitted power (Annex A). Details on the mathematical models used for the evaluation of trading LDC against transmitted power (Annex B). 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific.
41、 For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/
42、Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. Not applicable. 2.2 Informative r
43、eferences The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 EU Commission Decision 2009/343/EC 21 April 2009 amending Decision 2007/131/EC on allowing the use of the radio spectrum f
44、or equipment using ultra-wideband technology in a harmonised manner in the Community. i.2 EU Commission Decision 2007/131/EC of 21 February 2007 on allowing the use of the radio spectrum for equipment using ultra-wideband technology in a harmonized manner in the Community. i.3 ECC Decision of 24 Mar
45、ch 2006 on the harmonized conditions for devices using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology in bands below 10.6 GHz, amended 9 December 2011 (ECC/DEC/(06)04). i.4 ECC Decision of 30 March 2007 on Building Material Analysis (BMA) devices using UWB technology (ECC/DEC/(07)01). i.5 ECC Report 064: “The prot
46、ection requirements of radiocommunications systems below 10.6 GHz from generic UWB applications“, Helsinki, February 2005. ETSI ETSI TR 103 181-2 V1.1.1 (2014-06)8i.6 ECC Report 120: “Technical requirements for UWB DAA (Detect and Avoid) devices to ensure the protection of radiolocation services in
47、the bands 3.1 - 3.4 GHz and 8.5 - 9 GHz and BWA terminals in the band 3.4 - 4.2 GHz“, Kristiansand, June 2008. i.7 ECC Report 123: “The impact of object discrimination and characterization (ODC) applications using ultra-wideband (UWB) technology on radio services“, Vilnius, September 2008. i.8 ECC R
48、eport 170: “Specific UWB applications in the bands 3.4 - 4.8 GHz and 6 - 8.5 GHz Location Tracking Applications for Emergency Services (LAES), location tracking applications type 2 (LT2) and location tracking and sensor Applications for automotive and transportation environments (LTA)“, Tallinn, Oct
49、ober, 2011. i.9 CEPT Report 010: Report from CEPT to the European Commission in response to the Mandate on UWB Specific Applications, Final Report on July 2006. i.10 CEPT Report 009: Report from CEPT to the European Commission in response to the Mandate on Harmonise radio spectrum use for Ultra-Wideband Systems in the European Union, Final Report on 28 October 2005. i.11 CEPT Report 45: Report from CEPT to the European Commission in response to the Fifth Mandate to CEPT on ultra-wideband technology to clarify the technical parameters in view of a pot
