1、 ETSI TR 103 365 V1.1.1 (2016-02) Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB); Time Domain Based Peak Power Measurement for UWB Devices TECHNICAL REPORT ETSI ETSI TR 103 365 V1.1.1 (2016-02) 2 Reference DTR/ERM-TGUWB-133 Keywords power measurement, radio, SRD, UWB ETSI 650 Route
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8、s of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 103 365 V1.1.1 (2016-02) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights 4g3Foreword . 4g3Modal verbs terminology 4g31 S
9、cope 5g32 References 5g32.1 Normative references . 5g32.2 Informative references 5g33 Symbols and abbreviations . 6g33.1 Symbols 6g33.2 Abbreviations . 6g34 Preface 6g35 Measurement in the time domain . 7g35.1 Test Procedure Summary . 7g35.2 DUT preparation 7g35.3 General Test Setup . 7g35.4 Signal
10、Acquisition 7g35.4.1 Oscilloscope Specification and Settings . 7g35.4.2 Length of data acquisition and storage . 8g35.5 Post-Processing 8g35.5.0 General 8g35.5.1 Definition of the resolution bandwidth filter 8g35.5.2 Maximum peak power determination . 8g35.6 Limit . 9g3Annex A: Matlabreference code
11、for Gaussian filter 10g3Annex B: Verification Measurements 11g3Annex C: Discussion of peak power and peak voltage 13g3C.1 CW-signal . 13g3C.1.1 Peak and rms voltage, average power 13g3C.1.2 “Peak power“ measurement of a CW-signal 14g3C.2 UWB-signal 15g3C.2.1 “Peak Power“ as defined in ETSI EN 302 06
12、5 . 15g3C.2.2 Deriving “Peak Power“ from a time domain measurement 15g3Annex D: Bibliography 16g3History 17g3ETSI ETSI TR 103 365 V1.1.1 (2016-02) 4 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining
13、 to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat.
14、 Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (https:/ipr.etsi.org/). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the E
15、TSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). Modal verbs terminology In the present document “shall“, “shall no
16、t“, “should“, “should not“, “may“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct cit
17、ation. ETSI ETSI TR 103 365 V1.1.1 (2016-02) 5 1 Scope The present document specifies a time domain based procedure for UWB Peak Power measurements. It is intended as an alternative in addition to the frequency domain measurement technique outlined in clause 7.4.4 of ETSI TS 102 883 i.4. The propose
18、d procedure is applicable to all UWB signal types. It provides more accurate results compared to the frequency domain measurement in case a correction factor needs to be applied for frequency domain measurements with RBW smaller than 50 MHz. 2 References 2.1 Normative references References are eithe
19、r specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which ar
20、e not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at https:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference/. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are necessar
21、y for the application of the present document. Not applicable. 2.2 Informative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references,
22、the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the p
23、resent document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 ETSI EN 302 065-1 (V1.3.1) (02-2014): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB); Harmonized EN covering the essential require
24、ments of article 3.2 of the R Part 1: Requirements for Generic UWB applications“. i.2 ETSI EN 302 065-2 (V1.1.1) (02-2014): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB); Harmonized EN covering the essential requirem
25、ents of article 3.2 of the R Part 2: Requirements for UWB location tracking“. i.3 ETSI EN 302 065-3 (V1.1.1) (02-2014): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB); Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements
26、 of article 3.2 of the R Part 3: Requirements for UWB devices for road and rail vehicles“. i.4 ETSI TS 102 883 (V1.1.1) (08-2012): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band (UWB); Measurement Techniques“. i.5 Recommendation ITU-R
27、 SM.1754 (2006): “Measurement techniques of ultra-wideband transmissions“. ETSI ETSI TR 103 365 V1.1.1 (2016-02) 6 i.6 J. Takada, S. Ishigami, J. Nakada, E. Nakagawa, M. Uchino, and T.Yasui, “Measurement techniques of emissions from ultra wideband devices,“ IEICE Transactions Fundamentals, vol. E88-
28、A, no. 9, pp. 2252-2263, September 2005. i.7 H. Pflug, J. Romme, K. Philips, H. de Groot, “Method to Estimate Impulse-Radio Ultra-Wideband Peak Power,“ in Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions, vol.59, no.4, pp.1174-1186, April 2011. 3 Symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Symbols For the purpo
29、ses of the present document, the following symbols apply: dB decibel dBm gain in decibels relative to one milliwatt fBBt baseband filter coefficients at time t fccentre frequency for the filter ft filter coefficients at time t, centred on fcfmaxthe highest frequency as determined in clause 7.4.2 “Op
30、erating Bandwidth“ of ETSI TS 102 883 i.4 G gain of the filter Pfilteredpeak power in filter bandwidth Pmax, filteredmaximum peak power in filter bandwidth standard deviation t discrete time variable Vfilteredpeak voltage in filter bandwidth Z0characteristic impedance 3.2 Abbreviations For the purpo
31、ses of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ADC A/D-Converter CW Continuous WaveDC Direct Current DUT Device Under Test IF Intermediate Frequency ITU-R International Telecommunications Union - Radiocommunications sector PSD Power Spectral Density RBW Resolution BandWidth UWB Ultr
32、a-WideBand 4 Preface Current ETSI measurement techniques i.4 provide a peak power measurement method for UWB signals using the spectrum analyser in clause 7.4.4. The limit is defined in a 50 MHZ bandwidth, while this resolution bandwidth is not implemented on most spectrum analysers currently availa
33、ble in the market. When peak power is measured with a smaller resolution bandwidth RBW, a correction factor of 20 log(50/RBW) has to be applied. However, for most practical signals, the correction formula grossly overestimates the actual peak power. It is well known from Fourier theory that linear p
34、rocessing in the frequency domain has a time domain equivalent. Hence, it is possible to measure the peak power from a time domain signal, as for example recognized by ITU in chapter 3 of Recommendation ITU-R SM.1754 i.5, ETSI measurement techniques in clause A.2.3 of ETSI TS 102 883 i.4 and in lite
35、rature i.6 and i.7. The present document therefore defines a time domain alternative to the measurement technique of clause 7.4.4 in ETSI TS 102 883 i.4. ETSI ETSI TR 103 365 V1.1.1 (2016-02) 7 The time domain method consists of capturing the UWB signal with an oscilloscope and performing the convol
36、ution with the resolution bandwidth filter during off-line post-processing. Because the RBW filter is implemented in software, there are no limitations on its bandwidth. A 50 MHz RBW bandwidth can therefore be implemented, eliminating the need for the correction factor. The convolution could be perf
37、ormed in the frequency domain as detailed in Recommendation ITU-R SM.1754 i.5 and i.6 or directly in the time domain, as detailed below and in i.7. 5 Measurement in the time domain 5.1 Test Procedure Summary The test procedure can be summarized as follows: Capture the time domain waveform with a hig
38、h speed sampling oscilloscope; Apply a Gaussian filter to the captured waveform; Calculate the power for each sample of the filter output; Search for the maximum power; Compare with the limit in the relevant harmonised standards (ETSI EN 302 065 i.1, i.2 and i.3). Details of the measurement procedur
39、e can be found in the following clauses. 5.2 DUT preparation No specific DUT preparations are necessary for performing a measurement in the time domain. Despite the connection of an oscilloscope instead of a spectrum analyser, all test setup and DUT characteristics are the same as for a measurement
40、in the frequency domain (see ETSI TS 102 883 i.4 and the relevant harmonised standards ETSI EN 302 065 i.1, i.2 and i.3). In particular, this includes: Requirements for test modulation. Test conditions, power supply and ambient temperatures. Test setups and procedures for radiated and conducted meas
41、urements. Frequency of measurement (for post-processing). 5.3 General Test Setup Radiated and conducted tests can be performed. The criteria from ETSI TS 102 883 i.4 are adopted for both test setups. 5.4 Signal Acquisition 5.4.1 Oscilloscope Specification and Settings Input bandwidth fmax. Sampling
42、frequency 2 fmax. Dynamic range set to the maximum value that still allows complete display of the waveform without clipping. Where, in order to satisfy the Nyquist criterion, fmaxis the highest frequency as determined in clause 7.4.2 of ETSI TS 102 883 i.4, i.e. the upper boundary to the operating
43、bandwidth. ETSI ETSI TR 103 365 V1.1.1 (2016-02) 8 5.4.2 Length of data acquisition and storage A sufficiently long portion of the signal needs to be captured to ensure that the peak power occurs within the acquired portion. Often, the position of the signals causing the maximum peak power will be k
44、nown to the manufacturer, who can provide a dedicated test peak power mode to speed up the measurements and post-processing. 5.5 Post-Processing 5.5.0 General The captured time domain signal needs to be filtered with the resolution bandwidth filter whose time domain impulse response is defined in th
45、e clause below. This assumes that the convolution will be performed in the time domain. Chapter 3 of Recommendation ITU-R SM.1754 i.5 details an equivalent frequency domain convolution method. As defined in ETSI TS 102 883 i.4, the filter is be centred on the frequency of the maximum mean power spec
46、tral density. 5.5.1 Definition of the resolution bandwidth filter The resolution bandwidth filter has a Gaussian impulse response. The standard deviation of the Gaussian is related to the desired -3 dB resolution bandwidth RBW via: RBW=)2ln(1)Assuming the resolution bandwidth RBW is specified in Her
47、tz, the unit of the standard deviation is seconds. For a resolution bandwidth of 50 MHz, the resulting standard deviation is 5,3 ns. The baseband filter coefficients are then generated using: =222exp21ttfBB(2) where the (discrete) time variable t ranges from -6 to +6 in order to truncate the filter
48、response while containing the significant part of the response. The passband equivalent of the filter, centred on a frequency fc, is obtained via: ()tftftfcBB2cos=(3) To maintain the power of the passband signal, the filter is normalized by the gain G of the filter at the centre frequency fc. Theref
49、ore, the gain of the filter is calculated using: ()= tfjtfGc2exp(4)and the normalized filter coefficients are obtained by dividing ft by |G|. To verify the filter, it is useful to note that the equivalent noise bandwidth of a Gaussian filter equals 1,064 times its -3 dB bandwidth. 5.5.2 Maximum peak power determination The result of the post-processing is a filtered waveform with a amplitude Vfiltered. The corresponding instantaneous power is calculate
