1、 ETSI TR 182 010 V3.1.1 (2010-02)Technical Report Telecommunications and Internet converged Services andProtocols for Advanced Networking (TISPAN);Peer-to-peer for content delivery for IPTV services:analysis of mechanisms and NGN impactsETSI ETSI TR 182 010 V3.1.1 (2010-02) 2Reference DTR/TISPAN-020
2、75-NGN-R3 Keywords analysis, IP, TV ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual
3、copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Form
4、at (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current s
5、tatus of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced ex
6、cept as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2010. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM, TIPHONTM, the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI regis
7、tered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. LTE is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo
8、are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 182 010 V3.1.1 (2010-02) 3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 5g3Foreword . 5g3Introduction 5g31 Scope 7g32 References 8g32.1 Normative references . 8g32.2 Informative references 8g33 Abbreviations . 10g34 Overview of peer-t
9、o-peer . 10g34.1 Network operator involvement in peer-to-peer 10g34.2 Peer-to-peer in a network-operator CDN . 11g35 Use cases and requirements 13g35.1 Use cases 13g35.1.1 Delivery of stored/off-line content 13g35.1.2 Delivery of streaming content . 13g35.1.3 Time-shift TV . 13g35.1.4 Metadata excha
10、nge . 13g35.1.5 Deliver content from IPTV Service Provider to Consumer 14g35.1.6 Share any type of media/MIME type between users via the IPTV solution . 14g35.1.7 Acquire content from other than own third-party Content Providers by IPTV Service Provider . 14g35.1.8 Manage content within the IPTV sol
11、ution 14g35.1.9 End user contribute capacity to CDN . 14g35.1.10 Server capacity sharing . 14g35.1.11 Economical use of resources . 15g35.1.12 Efficient content delivery 15g35.1.13 Content delivery in case of low bandwidth . 15g35.1.14 Flexible distribution of content . 15g35.1.15 Network Based Appl
12、ication Control Use Case . 15g35.1.16 Customer Profiling Use Case 17g35.1.17 Peer-to-peer Content Download . 18g35.1.18 P2P usage for non subscription based services . 18g35.2 Requirements 18g35.2.1 Segmentation 18g35.2.2 Segments indexing 19g35.2.3 RACS requirements 19g35.2.4 Transport processing f
13、unction requirements . 19g35.2.5 Segments switching 19g35.2.5.1 Background . 19g35.2.5.2 Proxy mode . 20g35.2.5.3 Server negotiation mode . 20g35.2.5.4 Client involved mode 21g35.2.6 Requirement about peer management . 21g36 Architecture studies 21g36.1 General . 21g36.2 Centralized peer-to-peer arc
14、hitectures 22g36.2.1 Description 22g36.2.2 Strong points . 24g36.2.3 Weak points 24g36.3 Super-nodes based peer-to-peer architectures 24g36.3.1 Introduction. 24g36.3.2 Description 25g36.3.3 Super-nodes based peer-to-peer architecture interface description . 26g3ETSI ETSI TR 182 010 V3.1.1 (2010-02)
15、46.3.4 Super-nodes based peer-to-peer architecture service flow diagram examples 26g36.3.4.1 P2P media streaming request procedure in intra-domain 27g36.3.4.2 P2P media streaming request procedure between domains . 27g36.4 Decentralized peer-to-peer architectures 28g36.5 Fully distributed peer-to-pe
16、er architectures 28g36.5.1 General 28g36.5.2 Unstructured peer-to-peer networks . 28g36.5.3 Structured peer-to-peer networks 29g36.5.4 Structured versus unstructured 29g36.6 Challenges with peer-to-peer networks 29g36.6.1 General 29g36.6.2 Availability . 29g36.6.3 Decentralization 29g36.6.4 Performa
17、nce 30g36.6.5 Integrity 30g36.6.6 Network transparency . 30g36.7 NBAC Analysis and Information Flows 30g36.7.1 Generic State Diagram 30g36.7.2 NBAC specific functionalities 31g36.7.3 Out-of-Band QoS with NBAC 32g36.7.4 Bandwidth boost with NBAC . 34g36.7.4.1 Network Triggering Activation . 35g36.7.4
18、.2 Bandwidth boost “start“ 36g36.7.4.3 Bandwidth boost “stop“ . 37g36.7.4.4 Explicit Network Triggering de Activation . 38g36.7.4.5 Implicit Network Triggering de Activation . 39g36.7.5 Peer-to-peer traffic control with NBAC 39g36.7.6 Audience Research with NBAC . 41g36.7.7 Network Triggering Activa
19、tion. 43g36.8 Peer-4-peer initiative 47g36.9 IETF Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) . 47g36.10 Peer-to-Peer Session Initiation Protocol (p2psip) . 48g36.11 Network-Aware P2P-TV Application over Wise Networks (NAPAwine) 48g37 Customer profiling legal aspects 48g38 For further study . 49g3
20、9 Epilog . 49g39.1 P2P for IPTV SP internal content delivery . 49g39.1.1 P2P for IPTV SP internal CDN 49g39.1.2 P2P for in a IPTV SP CDN involving UE 49g39.2 Active IPTV SP support of user-to-user P2P . 50g39.3 Network-Based Access Control (NBAC) . 50g3Annex A: Network Based Application Control flow
21、 diagram example 51g3Annex B: Bibliography 52g3History 53g3ETSI ETSI TR 182 010 V3.1.1 (2010-02) 5Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly avail
22、able for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web serve
23、r (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be,
24、 or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networking (TISPAN). Introduction There is an ever growing demand for an ever wider varie
25、ty of content and content services (“the long tail“). Content may originate from all over the world, both from professional content makers and home-recorded user-generated content. Roaming users may want to access the same content (BC channels and CoD) that they can access when they are not roaming.
26、 The number of available “television channels“ will explode from several tens to several hundreds and more. The number of available titles in a content-on-demand library will grow from thousands to ten thousands or even more. There will also be a separation between the delivery of the (encrypted) co
27、ntent itself, which is a bulk process, and the trade of viewing rights using conditional access and/or digital rights management. Peer-to-peer technologies are very effective for the delivery of streaming content further down the “long tail“. However, peer-to-peer content sharing also has some drawb
28、acks on network capacity availability, the free cash flow of ISPs and on customer experience due to slowed down throughput of broadband access and internet. Peer-to-peer mechanisms could be interesting to IPTV providers in various ways. IPTV providers could offer peer-to-peer support as a service: -
29、 caching and distributing content on behalf of the user; - content management services for the CNG; - session support for peer-to-peer delivery: square4 identity management (UPSF); square4 quality of service control (RACS); square4 service attachment (NASS). IPTV providers could also use peer-to-pee
30、r mechanisms for distribution of content (optimization): - peer-to-peer delivery as alternative to static multicasting; - peer-to-peer mechanisms to distribute content over regionally distributed MDF; - peer-to-peer mechanism to have content be exchanged directly between UE or CNG, bypassing MDFs; -
31、 super-peer-based solution architectures for content caching optimization. ETSI ETSI TR 182 010 V3.1.1 (2010-02) 6The TISPAN Release-2 IPTV architectures (TS 182 027 i.1 and TS 182 028 i.2) do not support peer-to-peer mechanisms for content delivery. The basic assumption of the TISPAN R2 IPTV archit
32、ectures is that all content originates from an MDF, without any further assumptions how the content gets there in the first place. TISPAN may develop a broader view on the origins of the content, and define interfaces for content origination for example from: content providers; other IPTV Services p
33、roviders; and users themselves. Because of this broader view on the flow of content origins, it was considered useful to have a better understanding of the mechanisms used to handle, distribute and deliver the content, resulting in the present document. ETSI ETSI TR 182 010 V3.1.1 (2010-02) 71 Scope
34、 The present document is an ETSI Technical Report which contains only informative elements. The words “shall“ and “must“ used in the present document either refer to requirements defined in other documents or propose requirements that could be used later on in a document containing normative provisi
35、ons such as a Technical Specification or an ETSI Standard. The present document analyses peer-to-peer technologies for content delivery for IPTV services: use cases, requirements, architecture studies and other aspects. The scope of the present document includes: Use cases and requirements: - Types
36、of peer-to-peer mechanisms: square4 delivery of stored/off-line content; square4 delivery of streaming content. - Application of peer-to-peer mechanisms: square4 deliver content from IPTV Service Provider to Consumer; square4 share User-Generated Content (UGC) between users via the IPTV solution; sq
37、uare4 acquire content from third-party Content Providers by IPTV Service Provider; square4 manage content within the IPTV solution; square4 customer profiling based on traffic characteristics. Architecture studies: - topology analysis; - super-peer-based solution architectures; - impact on TISPAN IP
38、TV network architecture; - impact on Customer Premises Network architecture. Other aspects: - network aspects, transport level; - security aspects, risk analysis; - legal aspects; - charging aspects; - indexing aspects (“naming“); - concatenation of peer-to-peer (“NNI“). ETSI ETSI TR 182 010 V3.1.1
39、(2010-02) 82 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only i
40、n the following cases: - if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the purposes of the referring document; - for informative references. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found
41、 at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For
42、 dated references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Not applicable. 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but the
43、y assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. i.1 ETSI TS 182 027: “Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networking (TISPAN); IPTV Arc
44、hitecture; IPTV functions supported by the IMS subsystem“. i.2 ETSI TS 182 028: “Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networking (TISPAN); NGN integrated IPTV subsystem Architecture“. i.3 B. Carlsson; R. Gustavsson: “The Rise and Fall of Napster - An Evolutio
45、nary Approach“ Proceedings of the 6th International Computer Science Conference on Active Media Technology, 2001. i.4 J Liang, R. Kumar and K.W. Ross: “Understanding KaZaA“ Technical Report, Polytechnic University, New York, May 2004. NOTE: Available at http:/cis.poly.edu/ross/papers/UnderstandingKa
46、ZaA.pdf. i.5 D.Brookshier, D. Govoni, N. Krishnan, J. C. Soto, “JXTA: Java P2P Programming“, Sams Publishing, 2002. i.6 S. Ratnasamy, P. Francis, M. Handley, R. Karp, and S. Shenker: “A scalable content-addressable network“ Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM01, pages 161-172, August 2001. i.7 I. Stoica, R. Morris
47、, D. Karger, M. F. Kaashoek, H. Balakrishnan, Chord: “A Scalable Peer-to-Peer Lookup Service for Internet Applications“, ACM SIGCOMM01, 2001. ETSI ETSI TR 182 010 V3.1.1 (2010-02) 9i.8 The Gnutella Protocol specification. NOTE: Available at http:/ i.9 I. Clarke, Oskar S, O. Wiley and T. W. Hong, Fre
48、enet: “A distributed anonymous information storage and retrieval system“, Designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies, Springer, DOI 10.1007/3-540-44702-4-4, 2001. i.10 J. Liang, R. Kumar, and K. W. Ross: “The FastTrack Overlay: A Measurement Study“, Computer Networks, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 842-858, Apr.
49、 2006. i.11 Y. Chawathe, S. Ratnasamy, L. Breslau, N. Lanham, and S. Shenker: “Making gnutella-like p2p systems scalable“ Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM03, Augustus 2003. i.12 A. Rowstron and P. Druschel: “Pastry: Scalable, decentralized object location and routing for large-scale peer-to-peer systems“ Proc. of 18th IFIP/ACM Conferenceon Distributed Systems Platforms, November 2001. i.13 Y. B. Zhao, J. D. Kubiatowicz, and A. D. Joseph: “Tapestry: An infrastructure for faulttole
