1、DOC 9137-ANI898 Part 1 AIRPORT SERVICES MANUAL PART 1 RESCUE AND FIRE FIGHTING THIRD EDITION - 1990 Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICA
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18、ganization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Airport Services Manual (DOC 9137-ANB98) Part 1 Rescue and Fire Fighting Third Edition - 1990 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under
19、 license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AMENDMENTS No. The issue of amendments is announced regularly in the ICAO Journal and in the monthly Supplement to the Catalogue of ICAO Publications and Audio-visual Training Aids, which holders of
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21、AONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Foreword In accordance with the provisions of Annex 14, States are required to provide rescue and fire fighting equipment and services at an airport. The purpose of the material in this manual is to assist States in
22、 the implementation of these specifications and thereby help to ensure their uniform application. In 1969 the Air Navigation Commission of ICAO established the Rescue and Fire Fighting Panel. The objec- tives of the panel were to evaluate recent research and experimental work and to develop a more l
23、ogical system for assessing the requirements for airport rescue and fire fighting services taking into account the characteristics of new aircraft, The method contained in Annex 14 at that time for determination of the level of protection to be provided at an airport was related to the fuel load and
24、 passenger capacity of the critical aeroplane. The Rescue and Fire Fighting Panel developed a new concept based on the critical area to be protected in any post-accident fire situ- ation. The objective of this concept is the safe evacuation of the aircraft occupants. The panel in its work also devel
25、oped material on the dimensions of the critical area, application and discharge rates for extinguishing agents, airport categorization and amounts of extinguishing agents to be provided at an airport. The critical area concept was adopted by ICAO in conjunction with the adoption of Amendment No. 30
26、to Annex 14. This manual includes, inter alia, material concerning the level of protection to be provided at an airport, critical area concept and the method by which the scale of extinguishing agents has been related to the critical area, vehicle and extinguishing agent characteristics, siting of f
27、ire stations, training of personnel and operating procedures for dealing with an emergency. The manual also contains information on precautionary measures to be taken during aircraft fuelling operations as well as aircraft data for use in the training of rescue and fire fighting personnel. It is int
28、ended that the manual be kept up to date. Future editions will most likely be improved on the basis of experi- ence gained and of comments and suggestions received from users of this manual. Therefore, readers are invited to give their views, comments and suggestions on this edition. These should be
29、 directed to the Secretary General of ICAO. (iii) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Table of Contents Page Page Chapter 1.1 1.2 Chapter 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6
30、2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 Chapter 1 . General Considerations 1 Introduction . 1 Administration 1 2 . Level of Protection to be Provided . 3 Airport category 3 Types of extinguishing agents . 4 Amounts of extinguishing agents 5 Critical area 6 Discharge rates . 7 Supply and storage of extinguishing agents 7 R
31、esponse time 8 Fire station . 8 Communication and alerting systems 8 Number of vehicles 8 3 . Airport Facilities Affecting Rescue and 5.4 Advantages in adopting improved 5.5 extinguishing agents . 17 existing fleet 17 5.6 Dimensional or loading limitations 17 5.7 Preparation of a specification . 18
32、5.8 Additional contractual considerations 22 5.9 Compatibility of new vehicles with Aspects to be considered in preparing a specification for a rescue and fire fighting vehicle . 23 Chapter 6 . Protective Clothing and Respiratory Equipment . 25 6.1 Protective clothing 25 6.2 Respiratory equipment .
33、26 Chapter 7 . Ambulance and Medical Services . 28 7.1 General 28 Fire Fighting Services 10 Chapter 8 . Extinguishing Agent Characteristics . 29 3.2 Emergency access roads 10 8.1 Principal extinguishing agents . 29 8.2 Complementary agents . 32 8.3 Requirements 11 agents 34 3.1 Airport water supply
34、10 Chapter 4 . Communication and Alarm Conditions of storage of extinguishing . . 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Chapter System facilities . 11 Chapter 9 . Fire Stations . 35 Rescue and fire fighting vehicle 9.1 General 35 communications . 12 9.2 Location . 35 Other communication and alerting 9.3 Design and constr
35、uction . 38 42 Fire station communications 11 facilities 13 Chapter 10 . Personnel . 5 . Factors in the Specification Process for Rescue and Fire Fighting Vehicles . 14 10.1 General requirements 42 10.2 Selection of personnel for rescue and 5.1 Introduction 14 fire fighting duties 42 5.2 Preliminary
36、 considerations . 16 10.3 Management of rescue and fire fighting 5.3 Quantities of extinguishing agents . 17 personnel . 43 0) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,
37、-(Vi) Airport Services Manual Page Page Chapter 1 1 . Emergency Organization . 44 15.3 Operational problems 73 15.4 Techniques of runway foaming . 74 44 i 1.1 Airport emergency plan 11.2 Aircraft emergencies for which services may be required Chapter 12 . Aircraft Fire Fighting and Rescue Procedures
38、 Chapter 16 . Aircraft Fuelling Practices 77 48 16.1 Introduction 77 16.2 General precautionary measures to be taken during aircraft fuelling 16.3 Additional precautionary measures to be taken when passengers remain on board or embarkdisembark during refuelling operations . 78 16.4 Sources and dissi
39、pation of electrical energy that may develop during aircraft fuelling operations 79 operations 77 50 12.1 Features common to all emergencies . 12.2 Fighting aircraft fires 12.3 Rescue tactics and associated equipment requirements 12.4 Accidents involving dangerous goods 12.5 Post-accident procedures
40、 . Chapter 13 . Rescue Operations in Difficult Environments . 50 52 54 59 62 63 63 Chapter 17 . Availability of Rescue and Fire Fighting Information 81 13.1 General 13.2 Operational procedures for accidents in the water . 13.3 Training of personnel 13.4 Inter-agency exercises 65 66 66 17.1 General 8
41、1 Chapter 14 . Training . 67 Appendix 1 . Aircraft Data for Rescue and Fire Fighting Personnel 83 14.1 General 14.2 Basic training . 14.3 Operational tactics 67 67 69 Appendix 2 . Aeroplane Classification by Airport Category . 215 Chapter 15 . Foaming of Runways for Emergency Landings . 72 Appendix
42、3 . UNI 86 Foam Nozzle 219 15.1 General 15.2 Theoretical benefits from foaming of runways . 72 72 Appendix 4 . References 223 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-
43、Chapter 1 General Considerations 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.1.1 The principal objective of a rescue and fire fighting service is to save lives in the event of an aircraft accident or incident. 1.1.2 This contingency must assume at all times the possibility of and need for extinguishing a fire which may: a)
44、exist at the time an aircraft is landing, taking off, taxiing, parked, etc.; or b) occur immediately following an aircraft accident or incident; or c) occur at any time during rescue operations. The rupture of fuel tanks in an aircraft crash and the consequent spillage of highly volatile fuels, and
45、other flammable liquids used by aircraft, present a high degree of probability of ignition if these liquids come into contact with hot metal parts of the aircraft or because of sparks caused by the movement of wreckage or disturbance of the electrical circuit. Fires may also occur through the discha
46、rge of accumulated electrostatic charges at the time of ground contact or during fuelling operations. An outstanding characteristic of aircraft fires is their tendency to reach lethal intensity within a very short time. This presents a severe hazard to the lives of those directly involved and handic
47、aps rescue efforts. 1.1.3 For this reason, the provision of adequate and special means of dealing promptly with an aircraft accident or incident occurring at, or in the immediate vicinity of, an airport assumes primary importance because it is within this area that there are the greatest opportuniti
48、es of saving lives. 1.1.4 The extent of aircraft fires which may affect rescue is influenced largely by the quantity and disposition of fuel carried by the aircraft and the location of any fuel released as a result of the accident or incident. It may be possible to reduce these hazards through the provision of effective fire prevention devices, such as fire walls at all strategic points of the aircraft or crash and fire resistant fuel tanks and fuel lines, installed aboard an aircraft. 1.1.5 The standardization of emergency exits and their ability to be opened from the insid
