1、IES DG-26-16Design Guide for Lighting the Roadway in Work ZonesIES DG-26-16Lighting the Roadway in Work ZonesPublication of this Design Guidehas been approved by IES.Suggestions for revisionsshould be directed to IES.Prepared by the Roadway Work Zone Lighting Sub-Committeeof the IES Roadway Lighting
2、 CommitteeIES DG-26-16Copyright 2016 by the Illuminating Engineering Society.Approved by the IES Board of Directors, June 13, 2016, as a Transaction of the Illuminating Engineering Society.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in any electronic retrieval sys
3、tem or otherwise, without prior written permission of the IES.Published by the Illuminating Engineering Society, 120 Wall Street, New York, New York 10005.IES Standards and Guides are developed through committee consensus and produced by the IES Office in New York. Careful attention is given to styl
4、e and accuracy. If any errors are noted in this document, please forward them to Brian Liebel, Technical Director of Standards, at the above address for verification and correction. The IES welcomes and urges feedback and comments.Printed in the United States of America.ISBN # 978-0-87995-336-2DISCL
5、AIMERIES publications are developed through the consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteers represent-ing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on lighting recommendations. While the IES adminis
6、ters the process and establishes policies and procedures to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein.The IES disclaims liability for any injury to persons or property or other damages of
7、any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly result-ing from the publication, use of, or reliance on this document.In issuing and making this document available, the IES is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on b
8、ehalf of any person or entity. Nor is the IES undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of rea
9、sonable care in any given circumstances.The IES has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. Nor does the IES list, certify, test or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any certification or stateme
10、nt of compliance with the requirements of this document shall not be attributable to the IES and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.IES DG-26-16Subcommittee on Roadway Lighting Work Zones of the IES Roadway Lighting CommitteeCarl Andersen, Sub-ChairStephen Spitul
11、ski, Vice ChairMichael Dudas, SecretaryM. AitkenheadB. ChauM. FreedmanR. PatelP. Lutkevich*AdvisoryRoadway Lighting CommitteeJon Hart, ChairNorm Dittmann, Vice ChairAndrew Silbiger, SecretaryEd Morel, TreasurerM. AitkenheadB. AnanthanaranyananS.W. Annoh*C. AndersenJ. Delvin ArmstrongP. ArumugasaamyT
12、. Baker*J. BastianpillaiA. Bloomfield*P. Box*G. BradfordS. BraunM. BucciK. BurkettJ. Buraczynski*J. Busser*M. Canavan*E. Cacique*C. ChadwickB. Chau*G. ChelvanayagamA. Cheng*V. CiminoR. ClearP. Conlos*S. Coyle*C. Craig*D. CrawfordJ. Degnan*J. DoyleM. DudasK. Fairbanks*M. FeeT. FenimoreM. FreedmanM. G
13、abriel*R. GibbonsR. GuptaG. Harlow*J. Harvey*R. Harvey*G. Hauser*J. HavardW. HughesD. Husby*R. KauffmanD. KeithE. KramerJ. KrollM. Janoff*J. Jewell*R. Jones*S. LansfordL. LeetzowO. Letamendi*R. LeVere*J. Levy*I. LewinT. Li*D. Line*L. Livingston*P. Lutkevich*L. Lutley*M. MaltezosJ. McCormick*S. McKni
14、ght*D. McLean*J. Meyers*J. Mickel*C. Miller*K. MolloyD. MonahanC. Mondesir*R. MonsoorK. NegashH. Odle*C. Oerkvitz*D. Okon*C. Pekar*L. RadetskyR. RainerR. ReedE. Rowsell*P. SabauS. Schmidt*R. Schwab*C. Shaflik*B. Shelby*J. SimardJ. Simmers*W. SmelserL. SmithM. Smolyansky*S. SpitulskiR. StarkR. Stempr
15、okM. TedescoC. Thomas*R. Topolova*P. Van Der PolR. VincentV. Waight*J. WeaverS. WegnerS. Wentworth*R. YeagerAdvisory Members*Honorary Members*IES DG-26-16IES DG-26-16Please refer to the IES Bookstore after you purchase this IES Standard, for possible Errata, Addenda, and Clarifications, www.ies.org/
16、bookstoreContents1.0 Introduction 12.0 Considerations For Work Zone Lighting For Roadway Users .12.1 General12.2 Transient Adaptation And Glare .13.0 Work Zone Categories23.1 Mobile Work Zones23.2 Short Duration Work Zones.23.3 Intermediate Duration Work Zones.23.4 Long Term Work Zones 24.0 Work Zon
17、e Lighting Systems 24.1 Temporary (Fixed) Lighting Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.2 Portable Systems .24.2.1 Light Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . . . . 24.2.2 Balloon-Type Luminaires.34.3 Equipment-Mounted Lighting .35.0 Guidelines For Lighting Travel Lanes In Long Duration Work Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.1 Rural Highways.45.2 Urban Surface Streets With Street Lighting .45.3 Freeways . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.0 Lighting Flagging Stations 4References .5Additional Reading.5IES DG-26-161IES DG-26-161.0 INTRODUCTIONThe need to minimize congestion, while meeting construction and maintenance requ
20、irements, has resulted in an increase in the amount of highway work performed at night. One impact of this shift in activity is the need to provide lighting to facilitate the work activi-ties and simultaneously permit navigation through the work zone by vehicles. A highway work zone is a special cat
21、egory of industrial work wherein the public should typically be granted access through the area even while work is ongoing. This results in significant challenges in design of appropriate lighting. There are essentially three separable activities that should be considered when developing lighting re
22、quirements for highway work areas: (1) the specific work to be per-formed, including inspections; (2) mobility of workers within and around the area; and (3) guidance through the area for road users, including sufficient notification of lane drops and potential hazards. These consider-ations may be
23、further complicated by the fact that the work may be long-term, of short duration, or mobile.This Design Guide provides guidance on evaluat-ing requirements for lighting the roadway to provide visibility for road users transiting through or adja-cent to the work area. Criteria for determining the li
24、ghting requirements for the conduct of work within a work area are provided in National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 498, Illumination Guidelines for Nighttime Highway Work,1and are not included in IES DG-26-16; except that the impact of glare produced by lighting within the a
25、rea on driver requirements is considered.The stipulations and guidance provided in this docu-ment should be incorporated into any statement of work for nighttime road work. Furthermore, contrac-tors should be required to adjust the work area lighting if problems are identified after installation, or
26、 when directed to do so by the infrastructure owner.A work zone is an area of a roadway with construc-tion, maintenance, or utility work activities. A work area is the portion of the work zone in which actual activity takes place. Not all parts of the work area will have workers present at all times
27、.2.0 CONSIDERATIONS FOR WORK ZONE LIGHTING FOR ROADWAY USERS2.1 GeneralAdditional roadway lighting should be considered under the following circumstances:1. Presence of adjacent high intensity work area lighting, relative to the surrounding ambient light levels;2. Abrupt changes in the roadway align
28、ment; including lane reductions;3. The area in which the work area is located has a medium to high pedestrian conflict area classification;4. High traffic volumes;5. A fixed roadway lighting system already exists in the work areathe existing lighting levels should be maintained, and possibly augment
29、ed;6. The work area location is identified to have operational problems (e.g., high night time crash rate).2.2 Transient Adaptation and GlareTasks being performed in the work area may require lighting levels significantly higher than existing road-way lighting levels. High intensity light sources ar
30、e typically used to provide these higher lighting levels. Inappropriate placement of these lights may create disability glare and reduce visibility. Light trespass onto the travel lanes can adversely affect the unifor-mity of the lighting design in the travel lanes. Thus, the impact of a work area l
31、ighting system on the drivers visual environment, and potential for adverse impacts on driver performance, should be considered.Lighting for work areas can adversely impact the visu-al performance of all roadway users traveling through or adjacent to the work zone, even if the roadway itself is ligh
32、ted. Difficulties can extend beyond the immediate work zone due to abrupt changes in light levels. Due to transient adaptation, the drivers vision rapidly adjusts to an increase in illumination, but does not adjust as rapidly to a decrease in illumination. This difference is more pronounced in older
33、 drivers and those with impaired vision. In order to provide a taper in illumination levels that will enable the driver to adequately adjust to changes in illumination, IES DG-23-14 Lighting for Toll Plazas,2recommends that the lighting designer maintain a uniform drop off in the average illuminatio
34、n throughout the toll plaza departure zone in equal steps no greater than 3:1 until the illumination level matches that of the road-way illumination level requirement. ANSI/IES RP-22-11 American National Standard for Tunnel Lighting3describes a similar function to reduce luminance levels as the driv
35、er transitions from the threshold (entrance) of a tunnel to the interior.2IES DG-26-163.2 Short duration work zonesShort duration work zones are occupied for up to one hour at night.3.3 Intermediate duration work zonesIntermediate duration work zones are occupied at night for more than one hour and
36、for up to three nights.3.4 Long term work zonesLong duration work zones are occupied for greater than three nights.4.0 WORK ZONE LIGHTING SYSTEMS4.1 Temporary (fixed) lighting systemsA temporary lighting system may be used to light all or a portion of a work area and the adjacent road-way. These sys
37、tems use existing or temporary poles to mount luminaires, and include high-mast lighting. A temporary lighting system, or portions thereof, may become part of a permanent roadway lighting sys-tem upon completion of the work. Standard roadway lighting luminaires are usually employed. Installation of
38、a temporary system allows for uniform spacing of luminaires at high mounting heights, resulting in uni-form lighting with low glare. A temporary system may require augmentation, such as by portable systems located within the work area, to provide higher levels of illumination for specific tasks.4.2
39、Portable systems Portable systems typi-cally integrate the luminaire, power supply, and pole (tower) into one unit, and may be ground-mounted or trailer-mounted. Trailer mounted systems are relatively easy to transport and relocate throughout a work zone. Thus, they provide a cost-effective option f
40、or lighting work areas, to augment a temporary sys-tem when a higher level of illumination is required, or to provide general illumination in short and interme-diate duration work zones.4.2.1 Light plants Light plants typically use flood-light type luminaires and have relatively low tower heights, r
41、anging from 3.6 to 9.1 m (12 to 30 ft). The use of light plants to illuminate the travel lanes in a work zone may result in nonuniform illumination and severe glare and will require careful consideration of the light distribution from the luminaires. Light plants should not typically be considered f
42、or lighting long duration work zones, but may be appropriate for short and intermediate duration work zones.Transition lighting is not normally required for work zones, as the lighting levels are not recommended to be higher than levels prescribed in ANSI/IES RP-8-14 American National Standard for R
43、oadway Lighting,4for similar roadway facilities. However, lighting levels in the travel lanes may be set above the lighting levels typically recommended in ANSI/IES RP-8-14, to reduce the Veiling Luminance Ratio (see ANSI/IES RP-8-14 Annex A) or because the travel lanes are lighted with the same sys
44、tem used to light the work area. If the lighting level in the work zone travel lanes is greater than 3 times the level outside the work zone, transition lighting should be installed, using the guidance for departure zone lighting found in IES DG-23-14. If the roadway is not lighted beyond the work z
45、one, transition lighting should be installed when the average illuminance level in the travel lanes within the work zone is greater than 10 lux (1 fc).The lighting provided for the work area should be considered to determine the level of disability glare experienced by drivers. Glare can be debilita
46、ting and quickly generate confusion for the driver. The Veiling Luminance Ratio should never be greater than 0.3 Lvmax/Lavg(see ANSI/IES RP-8-14).Glare experienced by motorists due to work area lighting may be mitigated by the following actions: (1) not aiming lights upstream towards oncoming traffi
47、c; (2) ensuring that both the light source and any reflec-tor in the optical system are not directly visible to the driver; and (3) increasing the illumination levels for the travel lanes.3.0 WORK ZONE CATEGORIESThe definition of work zones and their duration is in Section 6G.02 of the 2009 Edition
48、of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD).53.1 Mobile work zonesGuidelines are found in FHWA-SA-03-026, Traffic Control Handbook for Mobile Operations at Night: Guidelines for Construction, Maintenance and Utility Operations.tThe nature of mobile
49、operations does not typically permit inclusion of work zone specific roadway lighting, although portable systems may be used to light the work area. Because these systems require raising and lowering the towers, and may require adjusting the luminaires at each site, they are used infrequently3IES DG-26-164.2.2 Balloon-type luminaires Balloon type luminaires are used primarily for construction related activities but may be used to augment conventional roadway lighting on critical paths of travel. An advantage of balloon type luminaires is that they typically produce lo
