1、INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION CCITT THE INTERNATIONAL TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE TELEPHONE NETWORK AND ISDN QUALITY OF SERVICE, NETWORK MANAGEMENT AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING E.433 BILLING INTEGRITY Recommendation E.433 Geneva, 1992 CCITT RECMN*E.433 92 W 4862593 0573589 563
2、W INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION CCITT E.433 THE INTERNATIONAL TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE TELEPHONE NETWORK AND ISDN QUALITY OF SERVICE, NETWORK MANAGEMENT AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING BILLING INTEGRITY Recommendation E.433 Geneva, 1992 FOREWORD The CCIIT (the International Tel
3、egraph and Telephone Consultative Committee) is a permanent organ of the International Telecommunication Union (rru). CCiT is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. T
4、he Plenary Assembly of CCiT which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study and approves Recommendations prepared by its Study Groups. The approval of Recommendations by the members of CCWT between Plenary Assemblies is covered by the procedure laid down in CC Resolution No. 2 (Melbou
5、rne, 1988). Recommendation E.433 was prepared by Study Group II and was approved under the Resolution No. 2 procedure on the 16th of June 1992. I CCIIT NOTE I In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration” is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication Administration and a rec
6、ognized private operating agency. O ITU 1992 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the ITU. Recommendation E.433 BILLING INTEGRITY
7、1 Considerata A correct bill is of great importance to the customer and the network provider. The customer expects the bill to correctly reflect his use of the network as well as receiving it in a timely manner. Incorrect bills cause the customer to seek reconciliation, which influences the customer
8、s perception of network quality. The network provider incurs expense in handling billing complaints, therefore correct bills satisfy both the customer and network provider. 2 Customer?s perception of billing integrity In general, billing integrity should be regarded as network performance related. H
9、owever, aspects of the user?s or customer?s perception must be include to cover all associated Quality of Service (QOS), parameters e.g. marketing aspects. In certain cases customers may perceive problems with billing which are, in fact, service related. This will be me when the service available do
10、es not match the service requested or the network capability used. Administrations should consider, in such cases, whether this might be due to customer?s difficulties, e.g. mis- dialling, the use of terminal equipment which fails to indicate that charging has commenced or fraud action. There may be
11、 other examples which warrant further study. 3 Scope objectives. during the establishment, retention and release of a service connection. also of major importance. This point, however, is outside the scope of this Recommendation. Billing is an area that is very dependent on an Administration?s parti
12、cular structure and commercial The billing integrity is not part of serveability performance which describes the response of the network It should be noted that the administrative procedures including operator charging functions of billing, are The billing integrity can be related to: - service supp
13、lying; - service use; - service removal. The billing error probability, distinguishing ?etween service supplying, service use and service removal, normally refers to the number of customers but, in a case of service use, mainly to the number of completed calls. The charge for the use of the network
14、is based on tariffs set for its use. It is up to the individual Administration to set the tariffs (see the D-Series Recommendations) and related components/criteria, e.g. call attempts, holding time?), conversation time?), services provided, traffic volume, time of the year/week/day, origiddes tinat
15、ion. The record of duration may be dependent upon the interval between time stamps and/or techniques applied. Recommendation E.433 1 -._ _I_ CCITT RECMNxE.433 92 m YB62591 0573592 056 m As biliing integrity depends heavily upon charging functions of the network, it is felt appropriate to set paramet
16、ers and take measurements that can be used to monitor and measure the various network components, including network components used by operators, used to convey answer charge signals or data. 4 Charging correctness An important network related component of billing integrity is the charging correctne
17、ss. The charging correctness can be defined as “the probability that the network correctly charges the communication by type, destination, time location and duration”. The complementary estimator of charging correctness is “the probability of cd charging error Pe”, obtained from detailed analysis of
18、 observations and complaints by dividing the number of communications with incorrect charging Nu, by the total communications Nt: Pe = NalNt The estimator can be split into under and overcharging probabilities: - - the probability that a cal wili be undercharged -Pu, the probability that a call will
19、 be overcharged - Po, such that Pe = Po + Pu. 5 Charging correctness objectives The charging correctness objective Pc is related to the probability of a cai1 charging error Pe: Pc= 1-Pe The objective value for Pe parameter, as specified at exchanged level is: Pe I lo4 (see Recommendation 4.543) 6 Ne
20、twork parameters affecting charging The foliowing parameters should be taken into account when considering charging correctms: a) the charging procedures; b) the network technology especially at the exchange level; c) answer charge signal received on unanswered calls; d) answer charge signal receive
21、d on recorded announcements or tones for which no charge should be incurred; e) no answer charge signal received on answered calls; f) answer sending delay (see Recommendation Q.543) (see Note); g) timing for start/end of charging (see Recommendation 4.543) (see Note); h) type of signalling system u
22、sed. Note - This may depend on the traffic load at exchanges. Administrations are encouraged to pay due attention to the above points to ensure that the probability of charging error is reduced. 2 Recommendation E.433 It should be noted that “charging points” are concepts used in certain networks wh
23、ere analysis and control of charging can be carried out. In principle such “charging points” should be as close to the calling subscriber as possible. However, in most national and international networks using SPC type exchanges, such “charging points” do not exists and the analysis and control of t
24、he charging process is performed independently. 7 TarWcharging administration The following information is given to assist in the identifkation of those functions which contribute to the whole procedure, up to sending out a bill to the customer. Due attention needs to be paid to these functions with
25、in an Administration to ensure that customers receive the correct bill. Tarif administration - To set and manipulate tariff in a network component. Tariff data could be centraised within a network, in each exchange or in an operations system. Tariff depends on tariff class (service, origin, destinat
26、ion, period of the day and day class). Charging administration - To secure charging functionality, to collect various data out of network and provide information for the billing, accounting and service provisioning. Charging function - Function within a network component that collects and manipulate
27、s charging information. TarifJing -Function to decide the tariff of a used service. Pricing - Function to decide price of a used service. BiZZng - Function to prepare bills to customers, to promf: customer reclaims. P yments, to obtain Accounting - Function to share revenues between service providers. V nue, Ike care of Recommendation E.433 3
