1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T F.747.6 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (10/2014) SERIES F: NON-TELEPHONE TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES Audiovisual services Requirements for water quality assessment services using ubiquitous sensor networks (
2、USNs) Recommendation ITU-T F.747.6 ITU-T F-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS NON-TELEPHONE TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES TELEGRAPH SERVICE Operating methods for the international public telegram service F.1F.19 The gentex network F.20F.29 Message switching F.30F.39 The international telemessage service F.40F.58 T
3、he international telex service F.59F.89 Statistics and publications on international telegraph services F.90F.99 Scheduled and leased communication services F.100F.104 Phototelegraph service F.105F.109 MOBILE SERVICE Mobile services and multidestination satellite services F.110F.159 TELEMATIC SERVIC
4、ES Public facsimile service F.160F.199 Teletex service F.200F.299 Videotex service F.300F.349 General provisions for telematic services F.350F.399 MESSAGE HANDLING SERVICES F.400F.499 DIRECTORY SERVICES F.500F.549 DOCUMENT COMMUNICATION Document communication F.550F.579 Programming communication int
5、erfaces F.580F.599 DATA TRANSMISSION SERVICES F.600F.699 AUDIOVISUAL SERVICES F.700F.799 ISDN SERVICES F.800F.849 UNIVERSAL PERSONAL TELECOMMUNICATION F.850F.899 HUMAN FACTORS F.900F.999 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T F.747.6 (10/2014) i Recommenda
6、tion ITU-T F.747.6 Requirements for water quality assessment services using ubiquitous sensor networks (USN) Summary To make a safe and ecologically healthy water environment, assessment of changes in water quality and water quality monitoring are required in rivers, lakes and other bodies of water.
7、 Recommendation ITU-T F.747.6 describes scenarios for the applications of water quality assessment and the sensor network technology that is the most suitable method to fulfil it. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T F.747.6 2014-10-14 16 11.1002/1000/12226 Keywor
8、ds Ubiquitous sensor network (USN), water quality assessment (WQA). _ * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T F.747.6
9、 (10/2014) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsib
10、le for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T
11、 study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative b
12、asis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandato
13、ry provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The
14、use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes n
15、o position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property,
16、 protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2015 All rights reserved. No
17、part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T F.747.6 (10/2014) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 1 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 2 4 Abbrevia
18、tions and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 3 6 Overview of water quality assessment . 3 7 Scenarios for WQA services . 3 7.1 Scenario I: Real-time water quality data aggregation 3 7.2 Scenario II: Automatic WQA node control 4 7.3 Scenario III: WQA node surveillance and logging 5 7.4 Scenario IV: Water quali
19、ty prediction through software sensors . 6 8 Requirements of WQA services . 7 8.1 Reliable data transfer 7 8.2 Real-time water quality information transfer . 7 8.3 Bidirectional communication . 7 8.4 Security . 7 8.5 Water assessment modelling 7 9 USN based WQA services 8 9.1 Water quality distribut
20、ion service 8 9.2 Water quality prediction service . 8 9.3 Service for total amount of polluted water . 8 10 USN capabilities for WQA services . 8 10.1 Reliable communication link in sensor networks . 8 10.2 Transmission delay guarantee to the WQA server . 8 10.3 Low power consumption in sensor netw
21、orks . 8 10.4 Bidirectional communication between WQA nodes and servers . 9 10.5 Multi-hop data transfer in sensor networks 9 10.6 IP infrastructure compatibility 9 10.7 Long distance transmission support in sensor networks 9 10.8 Security services . 9 10.9 Data logging . 9 10.10 Maintainability of
22、sensor networks 9 10.11 Naming and addressing in sensor networks . 9 Rec. ITU-T F.747.6 (10/2014) 1 Recommendation ITU-T F.747.6 Requirements for water quality assessment services using ubiquitous sensor networks (USNs) 1 Scope This Recommendation identifies requirements and scenarios for water qual
23、ity assessment (WQA) services using ubiquitous sensor networks (USNs). The scope of this Recommendation covers the following: Overview of WQA; WQA scenarios; Requirements for WQA services; USN capabilities for supporting the requirements of WQA services. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendati
24、ons and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore
25、 encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alo
26、ne document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T F.744 Recommendation ITU-T F.744 (2009), Service description and requirements for ubiquitous sensor network middleware. ITU-T Y.2221 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2221 (2010), Requirements for support of ubiquitous sensor network (USN) applications and ser
27、vices in the NGN environment. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 processed data ITU-T F.744: Data that are processed from raw sensed data by the sensor network or USN middleware. 3.1.2 sensed data ITU-T F.744: Data sensed b
28、y a sensor that is attached to a specific sensor node. 3.1.3 sensor ITU-T Y.2221: An electronic device that senses a physical condition or chemical compound and delivers an electronic signal proportional to the observed characteristic. 3.1.4 sensor network ITU-T Y.2221: A network comprised of inter-
29、connected sensor nodes exchanging sensed data by wired or wireless communication. 3.1.5 sensor node ITU-T Y.2221: A device consisting of sensor(s) and optional actuator(s) with capabilities of sensed data processing and networking. NOTE In WQA environment, these sensor nodes have sensing and network
30、ing capabilities except sensed data processing. 2 Rec. ITU-T F.747.6 (10/2014) 3.1.6 ubiquitous sensor network (USN) ITU-T Y.2221: A conceptual network built over existing physical networks which makes use of sensed data and provides knowledge services to anyone, anywhere and at any time, and where
31、the information is generated by using context awareness. 3.1.7 USN end-user ITU-T Y.2221: An entity that uses the sensed data provided by USN applications and services. This end-user may be a system or a human. NOTE In WQA environment, a WQA user is a kind of USN end-user. This may be a WQA applicat
32、ion or a human. 3.1.8 USN gateway ITU-T Y.2221: A node which interconnects sensor networks with other networks. NOTE In WQA environment, the USN gateway has the sensed data processing capabilities. 3.1.9 USN middleware ITU-T Y.2221: A set of logical functions to support USN applications and services
33、. NOTE In WQA environment, a WQA server is a kind of USN middleware. The main functionalities of it are sensor network management and sensor data mining and processing. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 measured data: The sensing data by
34、a sensor that is attached to a specific sensor node. 3.2.2 software sensor: Software that gets the processed and predicted data from measured real-time sensed data. NOTE WQA server has the software estimating the processed data (e.g., total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) values) using the w
35、ater quality parameters (e.g., potential of hydrogen (pH), dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC) aggregated from sensors in sensor networks in real-time. 3.2.3 water quality assessment (WQA) node: A device measuring water quality and capable of sensing, processing, networking and optio
36、nally actuating. 3.2.4 WQA system: The devices consisting of sensor nodes with sensors, a USN gateway and a WQA server in order to support the water quality assessment. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: DO Dissolved Oxygen EC Electrical C
37、onductivity IP Internet Protocol IPv4 Internet Protocol version four IPv6 Internet Protocol version six ORP Oxidation-Reduction Potential pH Potential of Hydrogen TN Total Nitrogen TP Total Phosphorus USN Ubiquitous Sensor Network WQA Water Quality Assessment Rec. ITU-T F.747.6 (10/2014) 3 ZIP Zone
38、Improvement Plan 5 Conventions None. 6 Overview of water quality assessment The water quality assessment (WQA) monitors dispersion of water pollution, tracking of a water pollutant source and predicts water quality change using the values measured from the measurement devices covering a specified ar
39、ea. It plays an important role to improve water quality through its real-time management. WQA is divided into water quality management for wide areas and for middle and small-sized areas such as rivers or lakes. In the former case, it is easy to monitor a large water pollutant accident, while the la
40、tter is used to prevent the spread of water pollution and to monitor water pollution before the water pollutant, actually generated at middle and small-sized rivers, is diluted. Applications for the WQA include the smart farm (for example, the horticultural and livestock industries) and smart leisur
41、e (for example, fishing where the angler is interested in information related to water quality, or the different opinions about a water pollutant source among local communities). These applications use sensor network technologies to assess water quality. The WQA nodes with water quality sensors deli
42、ver sensing data in real-time to a WQA server via wireless or mobile networks. The sensed data are used to monitor the water quality and track the water pollutant source in real-time. Furthermore, the large-scale deployment of a sensor network enhances the density of the WQA node thus realizing reli
43、able water quality assessment. Besides, unmanned long-term operation of the WQA system is possible through network management technologies together with low power consumption and automated control of sensors. Figure 1 shows the overall conceptual diagram for the WQA. The device with the water qualit
44、y sensor, flow sensor, water level sensor, etc., by the rivers and lakes periodically measures the value of the water quality parameters (e.g., potential of hydrogen (pH), dissolved oxygen (DO), the flow velocity, the water level, etc. The sensed data are delivered to the WQA server located in infra
45、structure network. WQA server estimates the WQA information based on the sensed data. WQA server provides the information to WQA users in real-time. Figure 1 Overall conceptual diagram for WQA 7 Scenarios for WQA services The scenarios for the WQA include the following entities: the WQA nodes, serve
46、r and users and are done through the interaction among them. 7.1 Scenario I: Real-time water quality data aggregation Scenario I describes procedures where the measured data for the WQA are delivered periodically to the WQA server and, subsequently, the water quality information is provided to users
47、 in real-time. 4 Rec. ITU-T F.747.6 (10/2014) 1) The WQA server initially sets the data-sensing period of the WQA node. 2) The WQA nodes obtain the measured data periodically from the rivers, lakes, etc. 3) The data measured by the WQA nodes and gateway are delivered to the WQA server. 4) Steps 2 an
48、d 3 above are repeated after waiting for the data-sensing period. The WQA server estimates the water quality to provide the distribution of each water parameter from the delivered measured data. NOTE The procedures from step 1 to step 3 are obtaining periodic measured data. In the scenario II and II
49、I, below, the same procedures are used. 5) The WQA server derives the water quality distribution map of each water quality item by applying the WQA model. 6) The WQA server provides the information on the water quality distribution to the WQA users. Figure 2 Real-time water quality data aggregation 7.2 Scenario II: Automatic WQA node control The WQA server monitors the water quality parameters measured from the WQA nodes and then filters any faults to improve the accuracy of the WQA.
