1、 INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU-T X.781 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (08/2001) SERIES X: DATA NETWORKS AND OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS OSI management Management functions and ODMA functions Requirements and guidelines for Implementation Conformance Statements proformas a
2、ssociated with CORBA-based systems ITU-T Recommendation X.781 ITU-T X-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS DATA NETWORKS AND OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS PUBLIC DATA NETWORKS Services and facilities X.1X.19 Interfaces X.20X.49 Transmission, signalling and switching X.50X.89 Network aspects X.90X.149 Maintenance X.1
3、50X.179 Administrative arrangements X.180X.199 OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION Model and notation X.200X.209 Service definitions X.210X.219 Connection-mode protocol specifications X.220X.229 Connectionless-mode protocol specifications X.230X.239 PICS proformas X.240X.259 Protocol Identification X.260X.
4、269 Security Protocols X.270X.279 Layer Managed Objects X.280X.289 Conformance testing X.290X.299 INTERWORKING BETWEEN NETWORKS General X.300X.349 Satellite data transmission systems X.350X.369 IP-based networks X.370X.399 MESSAGE HANDLING SYSTEMS X.400X.499 DIRECTORY X.500X.599 OSI NETWORKING AND S
5、YSTEM ASPECTS Networking X.600X.629 Efficiency X.630X.639 Quality of service X.640X.649 Naming, Addressing and Registration X.650X.679 Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) X.680X.699 OSI MANAGEMENT Systems Management framework and architecture X.700X.709 Management Communication Service and Protocol
6、 X.710X.719 Structure of Management Information X.720X.729 Management functions and ODMA functions X.730X.799 SECURITY X.800X.849 OSI APPLICATIONS Commitment, Concurrency and Recovery X.850X.859 Transaction processing X.860X.879 Remote operations X.880X.899 OPEN DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING X.900X.999 For
7、 further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. ITU-T Rec. X.781 (08/2001) i ITU-T Recommendation X.781 Requirements and guidelines for Implementation Conformance Statements proformas associated with CORBA-based systems Summary This Recommendation specifies the Implementation Co
8、nformance Statements (ICS) proforma of CORBA-based system interfaces which will be used in telecommunication network management, and also provides the testing methodology for CORBA-based interfaces. Source ITU-T Recommendation X.781 was prepared by ITU-T Study Group 4 (2001-2004) and approved under
9、the WTSA Resolution 1 procedure on 13 August 2001. ii ITU-T Rec. X.781 (08/2001) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU.
10、 ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for
11、 study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared o
12、n a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice
13、or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development
14、 process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementors are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore st
15、rongly urged to consult the TSB patent database. ITU 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from ITU. ITU-T Rec. X.781 (08/2001) iii
16、 CONTENTS Page 1 Scope. 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Implementation conformance statements definitions . 1 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Basis of conformance test methodology for CORBA-based management system interface 2 5.1 Overview. 2 5.2 Methodology of conformance test for CORBA-base
17、interfaces. 2 6 CORBA-based management interface ICS proforma. 3 6.1 IDL overview 3 6.2 Requirements and guidelines for specification of CIICS proformas 4 6.2.1 General instructions for CIICS proforma specification. 4 6.2.2 Interface support proforma 5 6.2.3 Attribute support proforma 6 6.2.4 Operat
18、ion support proforma 6 6.2.5 Data type support proforma. 8 7 Instructions for completing the CIICS proforma 8 7.1 Definition of supported. 8 7.2 The Status column 8 7.3 The Support column 9 7.4 The “Constraints and Values“ column 9 7.5 The “Additional information“ column 10 7.6 The “Index“ column 11
19、 7.7 The “Subindex“ column 11 7.8 The “Category“ column 11 7.9 The “Field property“ column 11 7.10 The “Interface identifier“, “Attribute identifier“, “Operation identifier“ columns . 11 7.11 The “Derived interface“ column . 11 Annex A Example of CIICS proforma specification 12 A.1 CORBA IDL definit
20、ion 12 A.2 CIICS 12 Annex B Example showing “Data type support proforma“ specification. 15 B.1 CORBA IDL definition 15 iv ITU-T Rec. X.781 (08/2001) Page B.2 CIICS 16 Annex C Example showing “Appendix any type support proforma“ specification. 18 C.1 CORBA IDL definition 18 C.2 CIICS 19 Annex D Examp
21、le showing “valuetype support proforma“ specification . 20 D.1 CORBA IDL definition 20 D.2 CIICS 21 ITU-T Rec. X.781 (08/2001) 1 ITU-T Recommendation X.781 Requirements and guidelines for Implementation Conformance Statements proformas associated with CORBA-based systems 1 Scope This Recommendation
22、provides the requirements and guidelines for CORBA Interface Implementation Conformance Statement (CIICS) proforma and the specification of this proforma. The CIICS is a statement made by an implementer to claim conformance to a CORBA/IDL based interface definition. 2 References The following ITU-T
23、Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation a
24、re therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. ITU-T X.296 (1995), OSI conformance testing methodology and framework for p
25、rotocol Recommendations for ITU-T applications Implementation conformance statements. ITU-T X.724 (1996), Information technology Open Systems Interconnection Structure of management information: Requirements and guidelines for implementation conformance statement proformas associated with OSI manage
26、ment. ISO/IEC 9646-7:1995, Information technology Open Systems Interconnection Conformance testing methodology and framework Part 7: Implementation Conformance Statements. OMG (1998), The Common Object Request Broker: Architecture and Specification, Revision 2.3. 3 Definitions 3.1 Implementation con
27、formance statements definitions This Recommendation makes use of the following terms defined in ITU-T X.296 and ISO/IEC 9646-7: a) (ICS) item; b) (ICS) question; c) status (value); d) (support) answer. 2 ITU-T Rec. X.781 (08/2001) 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following a
28、bbreviations: CIICS CORBA-based Interface Implementation Conformance Statement CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture ICS Implementation Conformance Statement IDL Interface Definition Language IUT Implementation Under Test IXIT Implementation Extra Information for Testing ODP Open Distribut
29、ed Processing 5 Basis of conformance test methodology for CORBA-based management system interface 5.1 Overview Conformance relates an implementation to a standard. It states in which way systems, implemented with respect to a standard, can vary without errors occurring in their cooperation. If an im
30、plementation fulfils these requirements, then it is conform to the standard. The check of the statements is the conformance test. The starting point is the definition of conformance requirements in implementation independent interface specifications on the bases of an identification of reference poi
31、nts. A management interface specification should define conformance reference points at which an object must be tested to check if it fulfils a set of conformance criteria. During the test, a number of stimuli and events are observed and evaluated at these conformance points. Management interface sp
32、ecifications should include conformance statements which identify conformance reference points at every interface of the specified objects. Because in general the information flow between two system components is realized through several reference points, the conformance test has to take into consid
33、eration: a) the test of such information flow at each reference point; and b) the test of consistency between the combinations. So, a coordinated test at all identified reference points is necessary. 5.2 Methodology of conformance test for CORBA-base interfaces There are static and dynamic conforman
34、ce test requirements. a) Static conformance test requirements state the functionality which is at least necessary for conformance testing. Basis of the static conformance test is a so-called ICS proforma in which functional limitations and possibilities of the standard are defined. It is a document
35、in form of a questionnaire which has to be answered by the implementer. b) Dynamic conformance test requirements specify the whole potential behaviours of an implementation visible at the identified reference points. The dynamic conformance test contains the realization of test cases in a test syste
36、m. Test cases include concrete test cases and abstract test cases. The concrete test cases are derived from abstract test cases which have to be given/defined by the standard. A basic precondition for the derivation of the test cases is the definition of test purposes by the standard. Before startin
37、g the test in a test laboratory, the following steps must be processed: ITU-T Rec. X.781 (08/2001) 3 a) The implementer has to fill out the given ICS proforma. Information which makes the ICS proforma statements more precise or concerns the test realization is taken up in IXIT (implementation extra
38、information for testing). b) The so-called real (concrete) test cases should be derived from the abstract test cases of the standard, or they can be derived from the test purposes directly, where generic things (types, etc.) are realized depending on the individual implementation. Figure 5-1 illustr
39、ates this approach. T0415740-01Interface specificationICS proformaimplementationcompleted ICSIXITtesttest reportdefined by a standardGrowth of informationdefinition of testpurposesabstract test cases(can be bypassed)real test cases(dependent on the implementation)Figure 5-1/X.781 Testing process of
40、CORBA-based interfaces 6 CORBA-based management interface ICS proforma The CORBA Interface Definition Language (IDL) is used to define interfaces of objects in CORBA-based systems. The CIICS proforma must express the following IDL features such as IDL modules, interfaces and other IDL types. This cl
41、ause introduces the features of CORBA IDL firstly, then specifies the CIICS proforma according to these language features. 6.1 IDL overview The OMG Interface Definition Language (IDL) is the language used to describe the interfaces that client objects call and object implementations provide. An inte
42、rface definition written in OMG IDL completely defines the interface and fully specifies each operations parameters. An IUT may include an interfaces client function or an interfaces server function. So in the interface proforma there should be a space available to specify which side of function (cl
43、ient or server) the IUT implements. The OMG IDL grammar is very similar to the proposed ANSI C+ standard. It has constructions such as module, interface, constant, type, operation, attribute, exception, valuetype, state member and context declarations. According to the IDL syntax specification, the
44、containment relationship between these constructions can be illustrated as in Figure 6-1. 4 ITU-T Rec. X.781 (08/2001) T0417270-02type attributecontextoperationexceptionconstantinterfacemoduleContainment relationshipvaluetypeIDLspecificationstatememberFigure 6-1/X.781 Containment relationship in IDL
45、 specification The ICS proformas must represent the relationship shown above. 6.2 Requirements and guidelines for specification of CIICS proformas Proforma specifications shall follow the style as documented in the following clauses. Proforma specifications shall provide the information required by
46、this Recommendation. Additional tables may be included for other information, if needed. There are three levels of documentation pertaining to CIICS, namely: a) guidelines or Recommendation tools for the production of CIICS proformas; b) a CIICS proforma, associated with a standard related to CORBA-
47、based network management, which is to be filled in by a supplier of the implementation and when filled in is a CIICS; c) a CIICS prepared by a supplier of the implementation as part of a conformance claim to a standard related to CORBA-based network management. 6.2.1 General instructions for CIICS p
48、roforma specification This Recommendation provides instructions to construct CORBA-based management system ICS proforma specification. CIICS proformas include four sub proformas: interface support proforma, attribute support proforma, operation support proforma and data type support proforma. All th
49、ese proformas are in a tabular form which are similar to the proformas specified in ITU-T X.724. Clause 6.2.2 describes the CIICS proforma for interfaces. Clause 6.2.3 describes the CIICS proforma for attributes. Clause 6.2.4 describes the CIICS proforma for operations. Clause 6.2.5 describes the CIICS proforma for complex data types. Annexes A, B, C and D provide examples of CIICS proforma specification, which is to be filled in by a supplier of an implementation. ITU-T Rec. X.781 (08/2001) 5 The following common notatio
