1、 Standard Material Requirements Selecting Inhibitors for Use as Sucker-Rod Thread Lubricants This NACE International standard represents a consensus of those individual members who have reviewed this document, its scope, and provisions. Its acceptance does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether
2、 he or she has adopted the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not in conformance with this standard. Nothing contained in this NACE International standard is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, to ma
3、nufacture, sell, or use in connection with any method, apparatus, or product covered by Letters Patent, or as indemnifying or protecting anyone against liability for infringement of Letters Patent. This standard represents minimum requirements and should in no way be interpreted as a restriction on
4、the use of better procedures or materials. Neither is this standard intended to apply in all cases relating to the subject. Unpredictable circumstances may negate the usefulness of this standard in specific instances. NACE International assumes no responsibility for the interpretation or use of this
5、 standard by other parties and accepts responsibility for only those official NACE International interpretations issued by NACE International in accordance with its governing procedures and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers. Users of this NACE Internati
6、onal standard are responsible for reviewing appropriate health, safety, environmental, and regulatory documents and for determining their applicability in relation to this standard prior to its use. This NACE International standard may not necessarily address all potential health and safety problems
7、 or environmental hazards associated with the use of materials, equipment, and/or operations detailed or referred to within this standard. Users of this NACE International standard are also responsible for establishing appropriate health, safety, and environmental protection practices, in consultati
8、on with appropriate regulatory authorities if necessary, to achieve compliance with any existing applicable regulatory requirements prior to the use of this standard. CAUTIONARY NOTICE: NACE International standards are subject to periodic review, and may be revised or withdrawn at any time in accord
9、ance with NACE technical committee procedures. NACE International requires that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of initial publication and subsequently from the date of each reaffirmation or revision. The user is cautioned to obta
10、in the latest edition. Purchasers of NACE International standards may receive current information on all standards and other NACE International publications by contacting the NACE International First Service Department, 1440 South Creek Dr., Houston, Texas 77084-4906 (telephone +1 281/228-6200). Rea
11、ffirmed 2007-03-11 Reaffirmed 2001-03-15 Reaffirmed September 1995 Reaffirmed September 1988 Approved August 1974 NACE International 1440 South Creek Drive Houston, Texas 77084-4906 +1 (281) 228-6200 ISBN 1-57590-120-X 2007, NACE International NACE Standard MR0174-2007 Item No. 21300 MR0174-2007 NAC
12、E International i _ Foreword Downhole corrosion of sucker-rod thread joints can be effectively controlled using an inhibited thread lubricant. This standard materials requirement provides a method of selecting effective sucker-rod thread lubricants for use by oilfield production operators. This stan
13、dard was originally prepared in 1974 by NACE Task Group T-1D-11 on Selecting Inhibitors for Use as Sucker Rod Thread Lubricants, in response to a request from the American Petroleum Institute (API).(1) It was reaffirmed in 1988 and 1995 by Unit Committee T-1D on Corrosion Monitoring and Control of C
14、orrosion Environments in Petroleum Production Operations, and in 2001 and 2007 by Specific Technology Group (STG) 31 on Oil and Gas Production- Corrosion and Scale Inhibition. It is issued by NACE International under the auspices of STG 31. In NACE standards, the terms shall, must, should, and may a
15、re used in accordance with the definitions of these terms in the NACE Publications Style Manual, 4th ed., Paragraph 7.4.1.9. Shall and must are used to state mandatory requirements. Should is used to state something considered good and is recommended but is not mandatory. May is used to state someth
16、ing considered optional. _ (1) American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070. _ MR0174-2007 ii NACE International _ NACE International Standard Material Requirements Selecting Inhibitors for Use as Sucker-Rod Thread Lubricants Contents 1. General 1 2. Inhibited Thre
17、ad Lubricant Requirements . 1 3. Inhibited Thread Lubricant Selection . 1 References 3 Bibliography . 3 Appendix A: Safety Considerations in Handling H2S 3 _ MR0174-2007 NACE International 1 _ Section 1: General 1.1 Proper selection and use of corrosion inhibitors provides extended protection of suc
18、ker-rod threads and box cavities against the effects of corrosive well fluids that may move in and out of these box cavities, and protects the threads from galling.1 1.2 This standard defines requirements for inhibited lubricants and recommends types of tests that may be used to select such material
19、s. 1.3 This standard is not a test method. Recommended procedures for testing inhibitors in simulated environments in which they are to be used are described in Section 3. The tests may be run in simulated sweet, sour, aerated, or combination environments with simulated well fluids or actual field f
20、luids. _ Section 2: Inhibited Thread Lubricant Requirements 2.1 The inhibited thread lubricant should be an effective corrosion inhibitor and should prevent thread galling during make-up. 2.2 When adding inhibitor to lubricant, an undiluted inhibitor is considered preferable and should remain effect
21、ive longer than diluted inhibitor mixes. 2.2.1 If the undiluted inhibitor solution has been properly formulated, it can also function as a satisfactory lubricant that prevents galling. Use of a single inhibitor formulation eliminates the need for stocking and using extra materials. 2.2.2 In cold wea
22、ther conditions, a material with a pour point sufficiently low to permit its use in the coldest weather to be encountered should be used. 2.3 Despite the stated preference for an undiluted inhibitor formulation, nonseparating mixtures of inhibitors in fluids such as diesel oil and alcohol have been
23、found to be effective and may be acceptable if they pass tests such as those recommended in Section 3 (for example, see Table 1: 99 parts No. 2 diesel oil,2 1 part inhibitor). _ Section 3: Inhibited Thread Lubricant Selection 3.1 The corrosion inhibitor used as a sucker-rod thread lubricant or used
24、in an inhibitor/lubricant mixture should be a proven corrosion inhibitor for the environment, i.e., for the specific wells and type of production. If there is a lack of experience in an area, corrosion screening tests such as the one outlined in Paragraph 3.2 should be performed to select an inhibit
25、or. Such tests also may be used to verify the effectiveness of an inhibitor/lubricant mixture. Because the inhibitor or inhibitor/lubricant mixture must prevent galling of sucker-rod threads, galling tests such as the one outlined in Paragraph 3.3 should be performed. The inhibited lubricant must no
26、t allow galling at ambient or elevated temperatures. 3.2 Corrosion Tests: A proposed undiluted inhibitor or inhibitor/lubricant mix should be tested under severe simulated thread use conditions. The test should evaluate the performance of the product in boxes that will be exposed to corrosive fluids
27、 by simulating the most aggressive environment that will be encountered in use. Table 1 gives data from a test that has been used. Briefly, the procedure was as follows:3 3.2.1 Mild steel coupons were immersed in the product to be evaluated. This is the least favorable means of applying a lubricant
28、film. Spraying or brushing, which is sometimes used in field service, tends to apply a better film of lubricant. 3.2.2 The metal, filmed as prescribed in Paragraph 3.2.1, was then immersed in corrosive fluids for 72 hours at 71C (160F). Corrosive fluids used to obtain the results shown in Table 1 we
29、re: 10 mL oil (high-flash, low-viscosity paraffin distillate oil); 90 mL synthetic brine (10% sodium chloride, 0.5% calcium chloride); and 1 mL of 6% acetic acid (equivalent to 600 ppm acetic acid in test mixture). This mixture was sparged with carbon dioxide (CO2) for five minutes. MR0174-2007 2 NA
30、CE International 3.2.3 For sour conditions, the test fluids should be sparged with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) for five minutes. The test temperature should be 50C (122F). Safety precautions in handling H2S are described in Appendix A (mandatory). 3.2.4 For critical usages, final selection of thread lubr
31、icant should be governed by the results of additional tests in which field fluids are used as the corrosive fluids, in the specific environment (sweet, sour, aerated, or combination), and at the temperature considered most critical. Table 1 Illustrative Data for Simulated Sweet Environment Corrosion
32、 Control Tests on Inhibited Lubricants for Sucker-Rod Threads (see test procedure in Paragraphs 3.2.1 and 3.2.2) Simulated Inhibited Lubricant Corrosion Penetration Rate, mm/y (mpy) 1. Film-forming Inhibitors: Undiluted Inhibitor A 0.041 (1.6) Undiluted Inhibitor B 0.020 (0.8) Undiluted Inhibitor C
33、0.010 (0.4) 2. Mixing Material (99 parts)Inhibitor (1 part):(A) No. 2 diesel oilInhibitor A 0.041 (1.6) No. 2 diesel oilInhibitor B 0.030 (1.2) No. 2 diesel oilInhibitor C 0.020 (0.8) Aromatic SolventInhibitor A 0.041 (1.6) Aromatic SolventInhibitor B 0.041 (1.6) Aromatic SolventInhibitor C 0.010 (0
34、.4) SAE 10W lube oil(B)Inhibitor A 0.366 (14.4) SAE 10W lube oilInhibitor B 0.284 (11.2) SAE 10W lube oilInhibitor C 0.19 (7.6) SAE 10W-30 lube oil(B)Inhibitor A 0.17 (6.8) SAE 10W-30 lube oilInhibitor B 0.20 (8.0) SAE 10W-30 lube oilInhibitor C 0.18 (7.2) SAE 40 lube oil(B)Inhibitor A 0.254 (10.0)
35、SAE 40 lube oilInhibitor B 0.18 (7.2) SAE 40 lube oilInhibitor C 0.17 (6.8) 3. 100% Mixing MaterialNo Inhibitor No. 2 diesel oil 0.417 (16.4) Aromatic Solvent 0.325 (12.8) SAE 10W lubricating oil 0.366 (14.4) SAE 10W-30 lubricating oil 0.356 (14.0) SAE 40 lubricating oil 0.356 (14.0) (A) The mixing
36、ratio of 99:1 was used because of mixing problems encountered in more concentrated solutions. (B) SAE(2) J 300.4 _ (2) SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. MR0174-2001 NACE International 3 3.3 Galling Tests: A proposed undiluted inhibitor or inhibitor/lubricant
37、 mix should be tested to evaluate its performance in preventing galling of sucker-rod threads. The following test is an example of one that can be used for this purpose. 3.3.1 Test piece: 19-mm (0.75-in.) diameter API grade C or grade D rod with an API grade T coupling. 3.3.1.1 Room-temperature test
38、: The inhibited lubricant to be tested shall be applied to the rod threads by spraying or brushing. The coupling shall then be applied, torqued to 700 N-m (500 ft-lb), loosened, and retorqued to 700 N-m (500 ft-lb) for a minimum of ten times. 3.3.1.2 Elevated temperature test: Test procedure shall b
39、e the same as in Paragraph 3.3.1.1 with one additional step. After the coupling has been torqued to 700 N-m (500 ft-lb), the joint shall be baked for eight hours at 93C (200F). After cooling, the joint shall then be loosened and retorqued a minimum of 10 times. 3.3.2 An inhibited lubricant is satisf
40、actory if no galling of threads is evident after torquing ten times. _ References 1. NACE SP0195 (latest revision), Corrosion Control of Sucker Rods by Chemical Treatment (Houston, TX: NACE International), which was also published as Section 3 of API RP 11BR (latest revision), Care and Handling of S
41、ucker Rods (Washington, DC: API). 2. SAE J 313 (latest revision), Diesel Fuels (Warrendale, PA: SAE). 3. A.C. Nestle, Organic Inhibitors for Oil and Gas Wells, Materials Protection 7, 1 (January 1968): pp. 31-33. 4. SAE J 300 (latest revision), Engine Oil Viscosity Classification (Warrendale, PA: SA
42、E). 5. Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-36 (latest revision), Manufacturing Chemists Association, 1825 Connecticut Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20009. 6. N. Irving Sax, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials (New York, NY: Reinhold Book Corp., 1984). _ Bibliography API RP 5A3 (latest revision). Thread
43、 Compounds for Casing, Tubing, and Line Pipe. Washington, DC: API. API RP 11BR (latest revision), Care and Handling of Sucker Rods. Washington, DC: API. Ballagh, J.C. Economics of Thread Lubrication. Petroleum Engineer 26, 5, p. B-109. Bleakley, W.B. Heres an Easy Way to Calibrate Power Tongs for Co
44、rrect Hydraulic Make-up. Oil and Gas Journal 65, 34 (August 1967): p. 70. Hardy, A.A. Why Sucker Rods Fail. Oil and Gas Journal 61, 31 (August 1963): p. 4. Sucker Rod Symposium. Petroleum Equipment and Services 23 (July/August 1965): pp. 19-30. Smith, R. Jr. Heres a Hard Look at Sucker Rod Joint Mak
45、eup Using Power Tongs. Oil and Gas Journal 65, 44 (October 1967): p. 136. _ Appendix A: Safety Considerations in Handling H2S (Mandatory) H2S is very toxic. It has been responsible for many poisoning accidents and a number of fatalities. The threshold limit value (TLV) is 10 ppm. The odor is not a r
46、eliable alarm system because the olfactory nerves quickly become deadened to H2S. All experiments shall be conducted in a hood. Additional information on the toxicity of H2S can be obtained from the Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-365 and from Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials,6 by N. Irving Sax.
