1、2011 年首都师范大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷及答案与解析一、单项选择题1 Among the following plays, _is NOT a historical play written by Shakespeare?（A）Richard II（B） Julius Caesar（C） Henry IV（D）King John2 “Can it be sin to know? / Can it be death? And do they only stand/By ignorance?“ are taken from the literary work written by_.（
2、A）John Keats（B） William Blake（C） John Donne（D）John Milton3 _is widely regarded as the first English novelist.（A）Daniel Defoe（B） Jonathan Swift（C） John Bunyan（D）Jane Austen4 Among the following works by William Blake, _deals with good, reason and passivity.（A）Songs of Innocence（B） Songs of Experience
3、（C） The Marriage of Heaven and Hell（D）The Gates of Paradise5 _believed that poetry “takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility“.（A）William Wordsworth（B） Percy Bysshe Shelley（C） George Gordon Byron（D）Robert Burns6 _describes the thieves den and the London underworld.（A）Hard Times（B） A T
4、ale of Two Cities（C） David Copperfield（D）Oliver Twist7 _is NOT written by Jane Austen.（A）Pride and Prejudice（B） Vanity Fair（C） Mansfield Park（D）Emma8 The stories in Bliss and The Garden Party established _ as an original and experimental writer.（A）Virginia Woolf（B） Katherine Mansfield（C） D.H. Lawren
5、ce（D）James Joyce9 _is a work that exposes the European whites colonialist exploitation in Africa.（A）Of Human Bondage（B） Waiting for Godot（C） Heart of Darkness（D）A Passage to India10 _ is well known for depicting the absurdity of human conditions in the post-industrial society after World War II in h
6、is play.（A）Samuel Beckett（B） Bernard Shaw（C） Oscar Wilde（D）William Golding11 According to “The Indian Burying Ground“ , some Indian tribes buried their dead in a_ position.（A）standing（B） sitting（C） squatting（D）lying12 “With a love that the winged seraphs of Heaven/Coveted her and me. “ are taken fro
7、m the poem written by_.（A）Walt Whitman（B） Emily Dickinson（C） Edgar Allan Poe（D）Robert Frost13 The background of the play “The Crucible“ written by Arthur Miller has something to do with one of the ancestors of_.（A）Benjamin Franklin（B） Washington Irving（C） Nathaniel Hawthorne（D）Henry James14 All the
8、following ones written by Henry James are concerned with the “international theme“ EXCEPT_.（A）The Wings of the Dove（B） The Portrait of a Lady（C） The Golden Bowl（D）The Turn of the Screw15 The setting of The Great Gatsby is_.（A）Yoknapatawpha County（B） New York City（C） Winesburg（D）Boston16 “High“ as in
9、 “Aloneif those veiled faces be/We cannot count on high!“ refers to_.（A）heaven（B） too much（C） mountain（D）high price17 All the following works are written by John Updike EXCEPT_.（A）Rabbit, Run（B） Couples（C） Rabbit at Rest（D）Pale Horse, Pale Rider18 According to Ernest Hemingway, all modern American l
10、iterature comes from_.（A）The Scarlet Letter（B） Moby Dick（C） The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn（D）The Sun Also Rises19 The missing word in “I look the one_traveled by,/And that made all the difference. “ is_.（A）never（B） less（C） the same（D）more20 Miss Emily Grierson is a character depicted by_.（A）Kath
11、erine Anne Porter（B） Alice Walker（C） William Faulkner（D）Vladimir Nabokov二、名词解释21 Gothic novel(2 points)22 modernism(2 points)三、问答题22 O, for a draught of vintage! that hath been Coold a long age in the deep-delved earth, Tasting of Flora and the country green,Dance, and Provencal song, and sunburnt m
12、irth!O for a beaker full of the warm South, Full of the true, the blushful Hippocrene, With beaded bubbles winking at the brim, And purple-stained mouth;That I might drink, and leave the world unseen,And with thee fade away into the forest dim:23 Name the author of this poem.(1 point)24 Discuss how
13、the stanza appeals to our senses through imagery.(2 points)24 Anything approaching the change that came over his features I have never seen before, and hope never to see again. Oh, I wasnt touched. I was fascinated. It was as though a veil had been rent.I saw on that ivory face the expression of som
14、ber pride, of ruthless power, of craven terrorof an intense and hopeless despair. Did he live his life again in every detail of desire, temptation, and surrender during that supreme moment of complete knowledge? He cried in a whisper at some image, at some visionhe cried out twice, a cry that was no
15、 more than a breath: “ The horror! The horror! .“25 From which novel is this excerpt taken?(1 point)26 What is the theme of the novel?(1 point)26 I grow old. I grow old.I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled.Shall I part my hair behind? Do I dare to eat a peach?I shall wear white flannel tro
16、users, and walk upon the beach.I have heard the mermaids singing, each to each.27 Name the author of this poem.(1 point)28 What is the technique used in this stanza?(1 point)29 Is the protagonist a hero or anti-hero? Why?(1 point)29 TYRONEBitterly without turning around.No, it never can be now. But
17、it was once, before youMARYHer face instantly set in blank denial.Before I what?There is a dead silence. She goes on with a return of her detached air.30 Name the title of this work.(1 point)31 What is wrong with Mary?(1 point)四、评论题32 Comment on the following excerpt and write a 100-word essay on it
18、.(10 points)But there is of culture another view, in which not solely the scientific passion, the sheer desire to see things as they are, natural and proper in an intelligent being, appears as the ground of it. There is a view in which all the love of our neighbour, the impulses towards action, help
19、, and beneficence, the desire for stopping human error, clearing human confusion, and diminishing the sum of human misery, the noble aspiration to leave the world better and happier than we found it, motives eminently such as are called social, come in as part of the grounds of culture, and the main
20、 and pre-eminent part. Culture is then properly described not as having its origin in curiosity, but as having its origin in the love of perfection; it is a study of perfection. It moves by the force, not merely or primarily of the scientific passion for pure knowledge, but also of the moral and soc
21、ial passion for doing good. As, in the first view of it, we took for its worthy motto Montesquieus words; “To render an intelligent being yet more intelligent!“ so, in the second view of it, there is no better motto which it can have than these words of Bishop Wilson; “ To make reason and the will o
22、f God prevail!“Only, whereas the passion for doing good is apt to be overhasty in determining what reason and the will of God say, because its turn is for acting rather than thinking, and it wants to be beginning to act; and whereas it is apt to take its own conceptions, which proceed from its own s
23、tate of development and share in all the imperfections and immaturities of this, for a basis of action; what distinguishes culture is, that it is possessed by the scientific passion, as well as by the passion of doing good; that it has worthy notions of reason and the will of God, and does not readi
24、ly suffer its own crude conceptions to substitute themselves for them; and that, knowing that no action or institution can be salutary and stable which are; not based on reason and the will of God, it is not so bent no acting and instituting, even with the great aim of diminishing human error and mi
25、sery ever before its thoughts, but that it can remember that acting and instituting are of little use, unless we know how and what we ought to act and to institute.From Matthew Arnolds Culture and Anarchy2011 年首都师范大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷答案与解析一、单项选择题1 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 莎士比亚共写过 9 部历史剧，除约翰王写的是 13 世纪初的英国历史外，其他 8
26、部是内容相衔接的两个“四部曲”：亨利六世上、中、下篇与理查三世；理查二世、亨利四世上、下篇与亨利五世。尤利乌斯 恺撒(Julius Caesar)是莎士比亚以罗马历史为题材写的悲剧。2 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 以上诗句出自英国作家弥尔顿的失乐园(Paradise Lost) 。3 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 丹尼尔笛福(16601731)是英国小说家， 18 世纪启蒙时期英国现实主义小说的奠基人，被誉为“英国小说之父”，其代表作是鲁宾逊漂流记。4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 天真与经验之歌是英国 18 世纪的诗人威廉布莱克的诗集，收录了他大部分的重要诗篇。诗集按各诗所反映的内容、格调
27、和创作特点划分为“天真之歌”与“经验之歌”两部分。其中“天真之歌”是一个处于天真心境的产物，也是出于一种未被世俗所玷污的想象中的产物。而外界的种种事件和个人的情感不久便从“天真”转向“经验”，布莱克全神贯注地执迷于“善”与“恶”的问题。他所看到人类的苦难，引起了他的愤慨号冷悯的情感，促使他创作了“经验之歌”。5 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 威廉华兹华斯作为英国浪漫主义的代表人物，他对于诗歌的定义是“Poetry is the spontaneousoverflow of powerful feelings：it takes its origin from emotion recollecte
28、d in tranquility”(诗歌是强烈激情的自然进发，来源于宁静中经过沉思的感情。)6 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 雾都孤儿(Older Twist)以伦敦为背景，讲述了一个孤儿悲惨的身世和遭遇。孤儿奥利弗从小在贫民习艺所受尽欺凌，逃到伦敦后又不幸落入贼窟，小说中有关于伦敦下层社会的精彩描写。7 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 名利场(Vanity Fair) 是英国小说家萨克雷的作品。8 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 幸福(Bliss)和花园聚会(The Garden Party) 都是女作家凯瑟琳 曼斯菲尔德的作品。9 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 黑暗之心(Heart of Da
29、rkness)是约瑟夫康纳德的作品，作品主要讲述了一个叫库尔兹的白人殖民者的故事一个矢志将“文明”带到非洲的理想主义者，最后却堕落成贪婪的殖民者的全部过程。10 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 塞缪尔贝克特是爱尔兰著名的剧作家和小说家，等待戈多是其代表作，也是荒诞派戏剧的奠基之作。11 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 美国诗人菲利普弗瑞诺的诗歌印第安人殡葬地描写了来自于一些印第安部落埋葬死人的方式，他们以就座而非卧躺的姿势埋葬。诗中写道：“不管学者说什么，我依然坚持我的老观点，我们给死者安排的姿势，表明了灵魂的永远安息。这地方的古人并不如此印第安人一朝离开世人，就再次同亲友坐在一起，重新把欢乐的宴
30、席分享。”12 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 以上诗句出自安娜贝拉李(Annabel Lee) ，是美国作家爱伦坡纪念其亡妻所作的一首长诗。13 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 熔炉是亚瑟米勒创作于 1952 年的一部戏剧作品。小说取材于发生在 1692 年马塞诸塞州的塞勒姆女巫审判案。米勒用这一事件暗讽当时盛行的麦卡锡主义和红色恐慌；纳撒尼尔霍桑的祖辈之中有人曾是“塞勒姆女巫案”的 3名法官之一，这段家族的历史对霍桑及其作品产生了深刻的影响。14 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 螺丝在拧紧是美国十九世纪作家享利詹姆斯的一部描写心理的恐怖小说，讲述女主人公意识经受考验的过程。女主人公作为家庭女教师
31、受雇去一个庄园照顾小孩子迈尔斯和弗罗拉。在这位女教师任职期间，她的前任和庄园男仆的鬼魂时常在庄园显现，同时她又想从迈尔斯、弗罗拉和女管家格罗斯太太那里证实自己看到的并非幻象。15 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 了不起的盖茨比(The Great Gatsby) 是作家菲茨 杰拉德的代表作，其主要故事场景都设置在纽约。16 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 狄金森的这首诗门外又听见他的声音(Again His Voice Is at the Door)共七段，前五段描写了她与意中人的甜蜜约会，第六段开始转折，讲述美好的时光可能无法永存“孤独假若天使也孤独，他们又何苦首先身试天国!孤独一一假若戴上面纱
32、会孤独，我们怎能指望有更高寄托!”因此她的怨恨在第七段中发泄，说她若有机会再与恋人重逢，她将用自己的鲜血来惩罚他的：不辞而别。17 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 灰色马，灰色骑手(Pale Horse，Pale Rider) 是美国小说家凯瑟琳 安波特的中篇小说。作者在有限的篇幅内，不仅刻画了动人心魄的爱情，还深刻地揭示了人们在疾病，战争和死亡威胁下的处境和态度，特别是主人公米兰达于其中的生死挣扎，具有相当强的震撼力。18 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 海明威曾说“一切现代美国文学都来自一本书，即马克 吐温的哈克贝利费恩历险记这是我们所有书中最好的。一切美国文学都来自这本书，在它之前，或在它之
33、后，都不曾有过能与之媲美的作品。”19 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 以上诗句选自罗伯特弗罗斯特的未选择的路(The Road Not Taken)，作者在诗中借对树林里两条小路的选择寓意人生旅途中会遇到的种种选择，无论如何选择，人生之路在选择之后就不可重来，因此在人生面前应学会豁达、乐观和珍惜。诗的最后两句是“I took the one less traveled by，And that has made all the difference”(我走上一条更少人迹的路，于是带来一番完全不同的景象。)20 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 艾米丽格里尔森小姐是福克纳短篇小说献给艾米丽的玫瑰中的主
34、人公。二、名词解释21 【正确答案】 Gothic novel is a form of fiction which became popular in England in the second half of the eighteenth century. Gothic novels often involve elements of the supernatural and were designed to give a pleasing frisson of terror to the reader.22 【正确答案】 Modernism is a general term appli
35、ed retrospectively to the wide range of experimental and avant-garde trends in the literature of the early 20th century. Modernism literature tends to revolve around the themes of individualism, the randomness of life, mistrust of institutions(government, religion)and the disbelief in any absolute t
36、ruths, and to involve a literary structure that departs from conventionality and realism.三、问答题23 【正确答案】 The author of this poem is John Keats.24 【正确答案】 In this stanza, the speaker longs for the oblivion of alcohol, expressing his wish for wine that would taste like the country and like peasant dance
37、s. And let him “leave the world unseen“ , and disappear into the dim forest with the nightingale. In this stanza, our various senses are stimulated through its imagery. The cool “draught of vintage“ appeals to our taste, and the wine leads to the imagination of the warm south of France, where the wi
38、ne tastes like flowers, dancing, song and happiness. Through this imaginary description we can smell the fragrance of flowers, see “the country green“ , hear the “Provencal song“ , and feel the warm and joy of South as well. Then in delicious detail, the speaker describes the appearance of the wine,
39、 which has little bubbles at that burst, or “wink“ at the brim of the beaker, like little eyes, and stains your mouth purple when you drink it, like any strong red wine will do. These two lines arouse our taste and visual sense vividly. This stanza seems to appeal to our sense through the sole imagi
40、nation about the wine, but the speaker expresses his wish to drink; to forget his problems for a while and to have more carefree state of mind, just like the joyful nightingale. 25 【正确答案】 This excerpt is taken from Heart of Darkness.26 【正确答案】 The two major themes of this novel are the pervasiveness
41、of darkness and the destructive colonization and imperialism. At an individual level, the theme is applied to the spiritual darkness of some characters and the contrast between supposedly “civilized“ characters like Kurtz and :uncivilized“ characters like the Africans. And in a more modern way, Conr
42、ad fiercely further challenges imperialism and uses it to examine related existentialist issues such as the inner personal conflict between the good and the evil, between the human issues of alienation, confusion, doubt, personal restraint or excess and morality in general. The result is intriguing
43、and shocking. Conrads view is that to prevent such an existentialist crisis, the individual must exercise self-restraint to avoid giving into basic impulses and going mad. 27 【正确答案】 The author is T. S. Eliot.28 【正确答案】 The technique used in these lines is dramatic monologue, with which the speaker ex
44、amines the way older people view themselves in the society.29 【正确答案】 The protagonist is an anti-hero, because he is no longer a demi-god battling fearsome creature or warrior. Instead, he is an everyman struggling to find meaning in his conventional live against the growing fears of loneliness and d
45、isconnect. He is also plagued with a sense of his own mediocrity and signs of age as well as decreased virility.30 【正确答案】 The title of this play is Long Days Journey into Night.31 【正确答案】 Mary is the wife of Tyrone, the mother of Jamie and Edmund. She struggles from a morphine addiction that has last
46、ed for over two decades. While she has broken the addiction several times, she always resumes her morphine use after spending more time with her family; She is on morphine in each scene of the play, and her use increases steadily as the day wears on. Although she loves Tyrone, she often regrets marr
47、ying him because of the dreams she had to sacrifice of becoming a nun or a concert pianist.四、评论题32 【正确答案】 The above passage is taken from the first chapter“Sweetness and Light“ of Matthew Arnolds Culture and Anarchy, in which Arnold defines culture as a means for perfecting the human soul and achiev
48、ing peace and harmony in society.In the above excerpt, Arnold defines culture through several steps. Firstly, he argues against the idea of seeing culture as “the scientific passion“ , or the desire to “see things. in an intelligent being“ , so his bias for culture as against science is very obvious
49、. Secondly, he puts forth his own definition to the culture, which he believes is driven by a desire to do good. Then he further considers the culture as “To make reason and the will of God prevail!“ ; in other words, culture can make up for the deficiency of the overhasty desire of doing good, and aims to achieve a universal humanity.【试题解析】 马修阿诺德是英国维多利亚时期诗人、文学家和社会批评家。在其文化理论代表作品
