1、2013 年武汉大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案与解析一、选词填空0 Fill in the numbered blanks with proper words. Among the 20 expressions given, only 15 should be used. Make sure the words come in correct forms in terms of both grammar and meaning.anxious cues depend frustrate believe make intercoursehelp enter comfort contact
2、 take orient rational longacquire remove ail invite awareCulture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most【K1】_, it has its own symptoms and cure.Culture shock is precipitated by the【K2】_that results from losing all our familiar sig
3、ns and symbols of social【K3】_Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse【 K4】_, when to
4、take statements seriously and when not. These【K5】_which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the【K6】_we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and
5、 our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious【K7 】_Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are【 K8】_He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may be, a ser
6、ies of props have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of【K9 】_and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the【K10】_“The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad. “ When foreigners in a strange
7、land get together to grouse about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another phase of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. To the foreigner everything becomes【K11】_glorified. All the difficult
8、ies and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.Some of the symptoms of culture shock are excessive washing of the hands, excessive concern over drinking water, food dishes, and bedding; fear of physical【K12
9、】_with attendants, the absent-minded stare; a feeling of【K13 】_and a desire for【K14】_on long-term residents of ones own nationality; fits of anger over minor frustrations; great concern over minor pains and eruptions of the skin; and finally, that terrible【K15】_to be back home.1 【K1】2 【K2】3 【K3】4 【K
10、4】5 【K5】6 【K6】7 【K7】8 【K8】9 【K9】10 【K10】11 【K11】12 【K12】13 【K13】14 【K14】15 【K15】二、翻译16 Paraphrase the underlined idiomatic expressions in the following sentences.(5 x2=10 points)When she left her parents, she felt the pinch.17 She talked a blue streak over the sweet potatoes.18 People who live in gl
11、ass houses should not throw stones.19 The burglar killed the house maid, then high-tailed it.20 Well now. Ill spell it out.21 Paraphrase the following sentences.(5 x3 =15 points)He will price the item high, and yield little in the bargaining.22 The prospects of a good catch looked bleak.23 She was d
12、etermined to stare down any disaster in her efforts.24 But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.25 It is a world radically emptied of history because it is a form of perception rather than a content.三、阅读理解25 When it comes to battles between Apple and Samsung, the
13、 conflict is often explored in terms of patents or smartphone sales. But what about their innovation styles?Management consulting firm Booz Research and development spending（B） Apple Versus Samsung; Battle of the innovation strategies（C） Innovation; Key to success（D）Secret stories; Key findings from
14、 Booz water went everywhere. Two hours later we finally finished cleaning up all the water. But the water had caused a lot of damage.My refrigerator stopped working because the water had affected the electrical wires. I called an electrician to come and fix the refrigerator. The electrician had to m
15、ove the refrigerator to work on the wires. In order to move the refrigerator, she had to balance it on an angle and pull it away from the wall. As the electrician was balancing it, she tripped over the plumbers tools. She fell down and the refrigerator tipped over. It crashed into the wall, resultin
16、g in a huge hole in the wall.I called a carpenter to come and fix the wall. In order to repair the hole in the wall, the carpenter had to tear down half of the entire wall. When the wall was half gone, the electrician found more electrical problems caused by the water damage. This resulted in the ot
17、her half of the wall being removed to replace the damaged wiring. Meanwhile, the plumber was still looking for the source of the drain problem. Since the kitchen was in a terrible mess anyway, the plumber decided to remove part of the floor to look at the pipe there. In the middle of the floor, he f
18、ound the problem; the dirt from the carrots was stuck in the pipe and nothing could go through or past the clump of dirt.Now I had a sink that did not drain, a refrigerator that did not work, a wall that was gone, and part of a floor that was missing. I looked at this disaster and decided that what
19、I really needed was a new kitchen. Finally, I called a house builder to come and fix my kitchen. Three weeks later I had a new sink, a new refrigerator, new cupboards on a new wall, new tiles on a new floor, and $ 10, 000 less in my bank. I have learned my lesson, I never wash carrots in the kitchen
20、 sink; I get them, clean and ready to eat, from the store.36 How did a kilogram of carrots cost $ 10, 000?（A）The kitchen needed a more modern look.（B） The dirt from the carrots blocked the drain which led to other problems.（C） Carrots can be very expensive.（D）The carrots caused water to spill everyw
21、here.37 Which of the following is not a reason why the carrots were washed in the sink and not in the bucket?（A）The bucket of water fell over.（B） Dinner needed to be made soon.（C） The carrots were always washed in the kitchen sink.（D）The carrots were dirty because they were fresh from the garden.38
22、Which of the following step was not taken to make the sink drain more quickly?（A）$ 10, 000 was spent to repair the sink.（B） A plumber came to repair the drain.（C） $ 100 was spent on different kinds of drain cleaners.（D）A new sink and drain pipe were installed.39 What caused the most damage to the ki
23、tchen?（A）The drain.（B） The plumber.（C） The water damage.（D）The electrical problem.40 The experience of the narrator can well be said as_.（A）endocrine（B） esurience（C） entropy（D）ectopia40 Much of the information we have today about chimpanzees comes from the groundbreaking, long-term research of the g
24、reat conservationist, Jane Goodall.Jane Goodall was born in London, England, on April 3, 1934. On her second birthday, her father gave her a toy chimpanzee named Jubilee. Jubilee was named after a baby chimp in the London Zoo, and seemed to foretell the course Janes life would take. To this day, Jub
25、ilee sits in a chair in Janes London home. From an early age, Jane was fascinated by animals and animal stories. By the age of 10, she was talking about going to Africa to live among the animals there. At the time, in the early 1940s, this was a radical idea because women did not go to Africa by the
26、mselves.As a young woman, Jane finished school in London, attended secretarial school, and then worked for a documentary filmmaker for a while. When a school friend invited her to visit Kenya, she worked as a waitress until she had earned the fare to travel there by boat. She was 23 years old.Once i
27、n Kenya, she met Dr. Louis Leakey, a famous paleontologist and anthropologist. He was impressed with her thorough knowledge of Africa and its wildlife, and hired her to assist him and his wife on a fossil-hunting expedition to Olduvai Gorge. Dr. Leakey soon realized that Jane was the perfect person
28、to complete a study he had been planning for some time. She expressed her interest in the idea of studying animals by living in the wild with them, rather than studying dead animals through paleontology.Dr. Leakey and Jane began planning a study of a group of chimpanzees who were living on the shore
29、s of Lake Tanganyika in Kenya. At first, the British authorities would not approve their plan. At the time, they thought it was too dangerous for a woman to live in the wilds of Africa alone. But Janes mother, Vanne, agreed to join her so that she would not be alone. Finally, the authorities gave Ja
30、ne the clearance she needed in order to go to Africa and begin her study.In July of 1960, Jane and her mother arrived at Gombe National Park in what was then called Tanganyika and is now called Tanzania. Jane faced many challenges as she began her work. The chimpanzees did not accept her right away,
31、 and it took months for them to get used to her presence in their territory. But she was very patient and remained focused on her goal. Little by little, she was able to enter their world.At first, she was able to watch the chimpanzees only from a great distance, using binoculars. As time passed, sh
32、e was able to move her observation point closer to them while still using camouflage. Eventually, she was able to sit among them, touching, patting, and even feeding them. It was an amazing accomplishment for Jane, and a breakthrough in the study of animals in the wild. Jane named all of the chimpan
33、zees that she studied, stating in her journals that she felt they each had a unique personality.One of the first significant observations that Jane made during the study was that chimpanzees make and use tools, much like humans do, to help them get food. It was previously thought that humans alone u
34、sed tools. Also thanks to Janes research, we now know that chimps eat meat as well as plants and fruits. In many ways, she has helped us to see how chimpanzees and humans are similar. In doing so, she has made us more sympathetic toward these creatures, while helping us to better understand ourselve
35、s.The study started by Jane Goodall in 1960 is now the longest field study of any animal species in their natural habitat. Research continues to this day in Gombe and is conducted by a team of trained Tanzanians.Janes life has included much more than just her study of the chimps in Tanzania. She pur
36、sued a graduate degree while still conducting her study, receiving her Ph. D. from Cambridge University in 1965. In 1984, she received the J. Paul Getty Wildlife Conservation Prize for “helping millions of people understand the importance of wildlife conservation to life on this planet. “ She has be
37、en married twice; first to a photographer and then to the director of National Parks. She has one son.Dr. Jane Goodall is now the worlds most renowned authority on chimpanzees, having studied their behavior for nearly 40 years. She has published many scientific articles, has written two books, and h
38、as won numerous awards for her groundbreaking work. The Jane Goodall Institute for Wildlife Research, Education, and Conservation was founded in 1977 in California but moved to the Washington, D. C. , area in 1998. Its goal is to take the actions necessary to improve the environment for all living t
39、hings.Dr. Goodall now travels extensively, giving lectures, visiting zoos and chimp sanctuaries, and talking to young people involved in environmental education. She is truly a great conservationist and an amazing human being.41 What is the authors purpose in writing this article?（A）To entertain the
40、 reader with stories about chimpanzees.（B） To inform the reader of the importance of wildlife conservation.（C） To warn the reader about the challenges of working in Africa.（D）To describe the work and life of Jane Goodall.42 Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons Dr. Leakey chose Jane to wo
41、rk with him?（A）She knew a lot about Africa.（B） She knew a lot about African wildlife.（C） She earned the money to travel to Africa on her own.（D）She was interested in studying animals in the wild.43 Which of die following is NOT true of chimpanzees?（A）Chimpanzees use tools to help them get food.（B） C
42、himpanzees eat meat as well as plants and fruit.（C） Chimpanzees are often comfortable with strangers right away.（D）Different chimpanzees have different personalities.44 What does the author think of Jane Goodall?（A）She is an intelligent person.（B） She is the one who loves studying animals.（C） She is
43、 a devoted scientist.（D）She is an expert on chimpanzees.45 What is the main idea of this article?（A）Chimpanzees are amazing creatures with unique personalities.（B） Humans are vary similar to chimpanzees and can learn a great deal by studying them.（C） Africa is full of wildlife that must be both pres
44、erved and studied.（D）Jane Goodall has taught us a great deal about animal behavior and wildlife conservation.四、汉译英46 Translate the following sentences into English.(5 x3 =15 points)在山的那边是一望无际的大草原。47 他们的生活方式可以追溯到一千多年前他们的祖先所开创的古老传统。48 一些小报极力迎合一部分读者的低级趣味以便赚钱。49 随着时间向前推移，医学科学中的一些尖端领域不断被攻克。50 这些移民第二代仍感到处
45、于主流文化的边缘，无论是在白人社会还是华人社会中他们都找不到恰当的位置。五、英译汉51 Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.(20 points)Most investigation in the field of industrial psychology are concerned with the question of how the productivity of the individual worker can be increased, and how he can be made to work with less f
46、riction; psychology has lent its services to “ human engineering, “ an attempt to treat the worker and employer like a machine which runs better when it is well oiled. While Taylor was primarily concerned with a better organization of the technical use of the workers physical powers, most industrial
47、 psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the workers psyche. The underlying idea can be formulated like this: If he works better when he is happy, then let us make him happy, secure, satisfied, or anything else, provided it raises his output and diminishes friction. In the name o
48、f “ human relations, “ the worker is treated with all devices which suit a completely alienated person; even happiness and human values are recommended in the interest of better relations with the public, thus, for instance, according to Time magazine, one of the best-known American psychiatrists sa
49、id to a group of fifteen hundred Supermarket executives: “ Its going to be an increased satisfaction to our customers if we are happy. It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management, if we could put some of these general principles of values, human relationships, really into practice. “ One speaks of “human relations“ and one means the most inhuman relations, those between alienated automatons; one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routiniza
