1、2014 年北京外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 UNDP2 OECD countries3 bailout loans4 EBITA5 venture capital6 telepresence7 carbon footprint8 forensic medicine9 key encryption technology10 United Arab Emirates11 extradition treaty12 seismic monitoring13 procrastination14 flip phone15 Mack Daddy汉译英16 大部制17 石油输出国组织1
2、8 生物圈19 涨停板20 浮动汇率21 计划免疫22 学生减负23 通识教育24 B 超25 自媒体26 土地承载能力27 小产权房28 土豪29 胶原蛋白30 经济适用男英译汉31 Never before had the world such a tremendous scientific-technical potential, such a capacity to generate wealth and well-being. Authentic technological wonders that have made any place in the world to be alw
3、ays close with regard to distances and communications have not been capable of bringing well-being for everybody, but only for a meager 15% living in the countries of the North. The abysm between North and South is now so huge, that the unsustainability of the current economic order and the blindnes
4、s of the people who try to justify continuing to enjoy opulence and waste, are evident.The great possibilities that a globalization of solidarity and true cooperation could bring to all people in the world through the scientific-technical wonders, have been reduced by the neo-liberal model to this g
5、rotesque caricature full of exploitation and social injustice. We were asked to be ultraliberal in trade and to lift any barrier, which may obstruct the imports coming from the North, but the oral champions of free trade actually are the champions in the praxis of protectionism. The North spends one
6、 billion dollars a day in practicing what has been banned from doing, that is, subsidizing inefficient products. Today, vis-6-vis the obvious failure of neoliberalism and the great threat that the International Economic Order represents for the South, it is necessary to retake the Spirit of the Sout
7、h by forming an alliance among ourselves.32 After months of speculation, the final 22,000-character overview of Chinas “third plenum“ was published on November 15th. In the economic sphere the document turned out to be bolder than the initial summary suggested, but the documents interest lies not ju
8、st in the economic reforms, which were anticipated. More striking were some of the social changes the document announced, such as the relaxation of the one-child policy. A couple in which one parent is an only child will be allowed to have two children, and the policy is likely to be loosened even f
9、urther. In another widely welcomed move, labour camps are to be abolished.But possibly the most important announcements were buried deep in the document and grabbed fewer headlines. Two moves in particular, namely allowing the development of “social organisations“ or NGOs in essence and the separati
10、on of judicial jurisdiction systems from administrative areas, showed that the party is sensitive to the ferment in Chinese society and the demands for greater liberty and accountability that accompany it. That these two gestures towards reform were mentioned at all is encouraging, and the world is
11、keen to know whether Chinese leadership will honor their words in the plenary document that they “dare to gnaw through even tough bones, dare to ford dangerous rapids, break through the fetters of ideological concepts with even greater resolution. “汉译英33 近年来，海淀区围绕高新技术产业的技术创新和公共科技服务需求，加速各种创新要素的聚集，不断完
12、善科技服务业，基本形成了研发设计、成果转移转化、创新创业、科技金融和科技咨询等科技服务业的完整链条，有效地促进了科技成果的转化和产业化。主要概括为“五化” 。一、发挥科技资源密集的优势，以企业为主体，以市场为导向，政产学研协同创新；二、鼓励和引导高校和科研院所通过技术转移中心和产业技术研究院的平台开展科技成果转化；三、培育和支持高新技术产业创新、创业服务新业态的发展，推动投资主体多元化、运行机制多样化的孵化器建设；四、进一步推动设立科技金融专营机构，集中力量聚焦战略性新兴产业领域，为轻资产的软件和信息服务等科技型企业提供全链条的金融支持；五、鼓励知识产权代理机构、信息咨询公司、会计事务所、法律
13、事务所、投资和管理咨询等专业服务机构为科技型企业提供支持，推动其创新发展。34 中华的宇宙观“ 天人合一 ”见诸文学是“物我交融”，主要理法是“ 比兴”。见诸绘画是“贵在似与不似之间 ”，主要理法是“外师造化，内得心源”。在诗画历史影响下的中国园林，追求的境界就必然是“虽由人作，宛白天开。” 主要理法是由“比兴”衍生的“借景”。设计序列为明旨 立意相地 布局理微余韵。在“人与天调”前提下肯定人的主观能动性， “人杰地灵”、“ 景物因人成胜概”。凡风景必名胜是中国风景名胜区的特色。2014 年北京外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 联合国开发计划署2 【正确答案】 经
14、济合作和发展组织国家3 【正确答案】 紧急援助贷款4 【正确答案】 息税折旧摊销前利润5 【正确答案】 风险投资6 【正确答案】 思科网真7 【正确答案】 碳足迹8 【正确答案】 法医学9 【正确答案】 密钥加密技术10 【正确答案】 阿拉伯联合酋长国11 【正确答案】 引渡条约12 【正确答案】 地震监测13 【正确答案】 拖延症14 【正确答案】 翻盖手机15 【正确答案】 万人迷汉译英16 【正确答案】 super ministry system17 【正确答案】 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries18 【正确答案】 biosphe
15、re19 【正确答案】 raising limit20 【正确答案】 floating exchange rate21 【正确答案】 planned immunity22 【正确答案】 alleviate the burden on students23 【正确答案】 liberal education24 【正确答案】 B ultrasonic25 【正确答案】 we media26 【正确答案】 land carrying capacity27 【正确答案】 limited property house28 【正确答案】 nouveau rich29 【正确答案】 collagen30 【
16、正确答案】 budget husband英译汉31 【正确答案】 世界从未像现在这样拥有强大的科技潜力来产生财富并创造幸福。各地正在真实发生的技术奇迹拉近了世界上每一个角落之间的距离，人们的通讯也更加便捷，但这并没有给地球上的每一个人都带去幸福，而只是让占世界15的北方国家人口受益。南北巨大的鸿沟使当前的经济秩序愈发不可持续，而且那些为奢华无度的生活自我辩护的人们对现状视而不见。科技奇迹本可以让世界上所有的人实现休戚与共以及真正的合作，但新自由模式使现实沦落为一幅充满着剥削压迫与社会不公的奇怪漫画。我们被迫在贸易上奉行极端自由主义，并取消任何可以阻碍从北方国家进口的贸易壁垒，但事实上，自由贸易
17、的赢家都是那些践行保护主义的国家。北方国家每天花费十亿美元用于补贴那些毫无效率的产品，尽管这是明令禁止的。所以，今天面对新自由主义导致的一败涂地以及国际经济秩序对南方国家产生的巨大威胁，我们也就很有必要组建一个自己的联盟，从而重塑南方精神。32 【正确答案】 11 月 15 日，经过数月的酝酿，22 00O 字的“ 三中全会”的会议公报终于得以公布。在经济领域，公报比初步纲领表达得更加大胆，但其重点并不像预期的那样只在于经济改革。公报更多的亮点在于一些社会改革，比如独生子女政策的松绑。夫妻双方一方是独生子女的允许有两个孩子，而且政策以后可能会更加宽松。另外一项大受欢迎的决议是劳教所的废除。然而
18、，有几项最重要的公告深藏于文件之中，很少出现在头条。特别是其中的两项决议允许创办“ 社会组织 ”，实际上是非政府组织以及司法审判体制与行政体制分离，这表明了共产党敏锐地意识到了中国社会的骚动以及社会对更大的自由以及相关责任的需求。公报中提到的这两项改革举动使人们倍受鼓舞，世界迫切地想知道中国领导层是否会遵守三中全会公报中的诺言，“敢于啃硬骨头，敢于涉险滩，以更大决心冲破思想观念的障碍。”汉译英33 【正确答案】 In recent years, focusing on the technology innovation of new and high technology industry a
19、nd service demand towards public science and technology, the Haidian District government has accelerated the conglomeration of various innovative factors and constantly improved science and technology service industry. Thus, a full chain of science and technology service industry has been formed inc
20、luding research and development design, taking fruits into application, innovation and starting up business, finance and consultancy for science and technology, thus effectively promoting the transformation and industrial application of scientific and technological fruits. It can be outlined into fi
21、ve aspects. First, taking advantage of intense scientific and technological resources, we promoted coordinated innovation, which combines the efforts of governments, enterprises, universities and research institutes, oriented at market with enterprises playing a leading role. Second, we encouraged a
22、nd guided colleges and scientific research institutes to launch fruits into production through technology transforming center and platform of industry technology research institute. Third, we cultivated and supported innovation of new and high technology industry as well as the new patterns of entre
23、preneurial service. We established the incubator with diversified sources of investment and multiple performance mechanism. Fourth, we established the exclusive organ of science and technology finance and gave priority to newly risen and strategic industry. We provided financial support of the full
24、chain for those technology firms which are engaged in software, information service and so on with light asset. Fifth, we encouraged the intellectual property right agency, information consulting company, accounting firm, law firm and other professional service agency on investment and management co
25、nsultancy to support the innovative development of technology enterprises.34 【正确答案】 The unity of human and nature, the universe consciousness of China, is the combination of things and humans with the main method “Bi-xing“ when presented in literature. For painting, it lies in that the most precious
26、 is artistically depicted to be both real and unreal with the main law “the art creation comes from nature and inner thought“. Under the influence of the ancient poetry and painting, the Chinese gardens pursue the principle of “Though created by human, the garden resembles being built by nature“, wi
27、th the main method “Borrowing from scenery“ which is derived from “Bi-xing“. The design order is divided into six steps, that is, pointing the purport, identifying the theme, making the investigation of the surroundings, making a layout, polishing the plan and leaving appeal. The subjective initiative is advocated based on the principle of the coordination of human and nature. It means that an outstanding man gives glory to a place and the scenery becomes marvelous because of man. The character of the scenic spots in China is that wherever there is scenery, there is a place of interests.
