1、2015 年北京外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 Bogor Goals2 FTAAP3 zero-sum game4 ALS5 NASA6 genomic variation7 ozone depletion8 sinology9 bitcoin10 UNCED11 paparazzi12 amino acid13 digital divide14 existentialism15 silver-spoon kids汉译英16 十八届四中全会17 亚太经合组织18 互联互通19 量化宽松政策20 公使衔参赞21 埃博拉病毒22 自闭症23 防空识别区24 负面清单25 房产
2、税26 专利技术27 和而不同28 地沟油29 真人秀30 逆袭英译汉31 The 1992 Rio conference was a high watermark for environmental law. Despite all the many accomplishments since then, we must now acknowledge that Rio has not fulfilled the promises with which the world invested it. After 50 years of diligent and sophisticated wo
3、rk by environmental lawyers on legislation, regulation, principles, treaties, and judicial decisions, how is it that the “actual landscape“ of the worlds resources is still “slipping two steps backward for each forward stride?“Part of the explanation for that disappointment result can be found in th
4、e statements issued by a distinguished international collection of prosecutors, judges, and legal scholars at the Rio + 20-related World Congress on Justice, Governance, and Law for Environmental Sustainability. They focused almost exclusively on matters of substantive doctrine and legal procedure.
5、Recommitment to enhancing “law“ in this narrow sensea body of formal rules and principles and the judicial and prosecutorial mechanisms for their application and enforcementcertainly has great value, and that work should go forward vigorously. But the ongoing ecological deterioration is traceable in
6、 large part of pervasive social and political attitudes favoring a growth-based model of economic “development“ that steadily intensifies human appropriation of planetary resources.To address the root of the problem, it will be argued here, environmental law needs a more expansive society-based conc
7、eption of “ law,“ one that activates law as a social institution engaged broadly with the habits and customs, the expectations and aspirations, of people and organizations in their daily lives. Environmental lawyers, then, need a fresh and bold reimagination of their mission, to hone and use their p
8、ersuasive and analytical skills in creative ways to alter the social dynamic underlying environmental change and to foment a deep commitment to effectively stewardship of resources.汉译英32 中庸里面说：“好学近乎知，力行近乎仁，知耻近乎勇。” 这里所说的“知耻近乎勇”中的 “耻”其实是人之为人的一个文明指标。人类文明的表现之一是要有羞耻心，也可以叫“ 羞恶之心 ”。孟子讲：“无恻隐之心，非人也；无羞恶之心，非人也
9、；无辞让之心，非人也；无是非之心，非人也。”恻隐之心，就是不忍；就是“恕” ，就是“己所不欲勿施于人”。辞让之心，就是文明礼貌；是非之心，就是社会的公平正义。而羞恶之心，就是“知耻” 。孟子称这四个方面是人的“ 四端” ，即做人的开始。如果没有这起码的四点，就不是“人”了，孟子称之为“非人 ”。孟子讲的“ 四端” 在今天的意义不需要多讲。当今社会，人和人之间的同情心都成了稀罕物了。见死不救仅仅是怕法律误判吗?我看主要是缺少“ 是非之心”，缺少正义感，缺少同情心，缺少悲悯之心。所以，如果讲当代社会大家共同的价值，我觉得应该是礼义廉耻。这四个字源自中国文化最基本的价值，应该成为今天全社会共认的价值
10、。(刘梦溪)2015 年北京外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 茂物目标2 【正确答案】 亚太自由贸易区(Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific)3 【正确答案】 零和博弈，零和游戏4 【正确答案】 渐冻人症，肌萎缩侧索硬化症(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)5 【正确答案】 (美国) 国家航空和航天局(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)6 【正确答案】 基因组变异7 【正确答案】 臭氧损耗8 【正确答案】 汉学9 【正确答案】 比特币10 【正确答
11、案】 联合国环境与发展会议(United Nations Conference on Environment and Development)11 【正确答案】 狗仔队12 【正确答案】 氨基酸13 【正确答案】 数字鸿沟14 【正确答案】 存在主义15 【正确答案】 富二代；富家子弟汉译英16 【正确答案】 the Forth Plenary Session of Eighteenth CPC Central Committee17 【正确答案】 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC)18 【正确答案】 connectivity19 【正确答案】 qu
12、antitative easing20 【正确答案】 counsellor with the rank of minister/ minister-counsellor21 【正确答案】 Ebola virus22 【正确答案】 autism/autistic disorder23 【正确答案】 air defense identification zone24 【正确答案】 negative list25 【正确答案】 property tax26 【正确答案】 patented technology27 【正确答案】 harmony in diversity28 【正确答案】 swill-
13、cooked dirty oil29 【正确答案】 reality show30 【正确答案】 counterattack under unfavorable circumstances英译汉31 【正确答案】 对环境法而言，1992 年的里约会议是一个里程碑式的会议。会议结束至今，我们虽然取得了很大进展，但不能否认的是，里约会议并未实现世界寄予它的厚望。50 年来，在立法、法规、政策、条约以及司法裁决等方面，环保律师做了大量艰苦卓绝而又细致的工作。可是，为何世界资源的“实际图景” 依旧是“每前进一步就后退两步 ”呢?在关于“环境可持续发展司法、管理与法律” 的“里约+20”世界会议上，一批国
14、际知名检察官、法官和法学家的发言在一定程度上解释了出现上述令人失望的结果的原因。这些人将重点几乎全部集中在实际的规则及法律程序之上。狭义的“法律” 由正式的规定和政策，以及促进规定及政策实施的司法和诉讼机制组成。重新审视加强狭义“法律 ”的实施意义重大，而且这项工作需要坚定有力地推进。然而，社会和政治普遍青睐以增长为基础的经济“发展” 模式，持续加剧了人类对地球资源的侵占，生态不断退化的现象显著。这里要讨论的是，要从根源解决上述问题，需要赋予环境法以社会为基础的更广义的“法律”概念，让其成为人们日常生活和机构日常运作中的一种制度，广泛融入他们的生活习惯、期待和愿望。那么，环保律师需要大胆地重塑
15、自己的使命，以创新的方式磨炼并运用说服能力和分析能力，从而改变环境变化背后的社会动态，倡导国家和机构有效地监管资源。汉译英32 【正确答案】 A saying in The Doctrine of the Mean goes, “ Love of knowledge is the characteristic of men of intellectual character. Strenuous attention to conduct is the characteristic of men of moral character. Sensitiveness to shame is the
16、characteristic of men of courage or heroic character. “ The “shame“ in “Sensitiveness to shame is the characteristic of men of courage or heroic character“ is actually an indicator of civilization that makes the distinction between human beings and other animals. One symbol of human civilization is
17、to possess a feeling of shame, or “ the sense of shame for evil deeds. “ Mencius said, “ A man who has no sense of compassion is nonhuman; a man who has no sense of shame is nonhuman; a man who has no sense of modesty is nonhuman; a man who has no sense of right and wrong is nonhuman.The sense of co
18、mpassion is to be sympathetic for others; that is “ forbearance,“ meaning “ dont do to others what you dont want others to do to you. “ The sense of modesty is to behave civilly and politely; the sense of right and wrong is to know the fairness and justice of a society; the sense of shame is to know
19、 “the sense of shame for evil deeds. “ According to Mencius, these four senses are the “ four origins,“ the origins of being a human. Without these four origins, a man cannot be called a human being, but would be “non-human“ as Mencius said.The significance of the “four origins“ in our world is pret
20、ty evident. Nowadays, it is rare to find sympathy in our society. Is trying to avoid erroneous judgment the only reason for standing by while others are in mortal danger? In my opinion, it is due to an absence of the sense of right and wrong, of justice, sympathy and compassion. Therefore, I believe that the senses of order, justice, honesty and shame, the values, which originate from the most fundamental values of Chinese culture, should be the common values in our society.(Liu Mengxi)
