1、2017 年考研英语（一）真题试卷及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “ yes!“ 【B1】 _helping you feel close and【B2】_to people you
2、 care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a【B3】_of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you【B4】_getting sick this winter.In a recent study【B5】_over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the eff
3、ects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs【B6】_the participants susceptibility to developing the common cold after being【B7】_to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come【B8】_with a cold, and the researchers【B9】_that the stress-reducing effects of h
4、ugging【B10】_about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 【B11 】_among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe【B12】_“ Hugging protects people who are under stress from the【B13】_risk for colds that s usually【B14 】_with stress,“ note
5、s Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and help【B15】_the feeling that others are there to help【B16 】_difficulty. “Some experts【B17】_the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone“
6、【B18 】_it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it【B19】_in the brain, where it【B20 】_mood, behavior and physiology.
7、1 【B1 】（A）Besides（B） Unlike（C） Throughout（D）Despite2 【B2 】（A）equal（B） restricted（C） connected（D）inferior3 【B3 】（A）view（B） host（C） lesson（D）choice4 【B4 】（A）avoid（B） forget（C） recall（D）keep5 【B5 】（A）collecting（B） affecting（C） guiding（D）involving6 【B6 】（A）on（B） in（C） at（D）of7 【B7 】（A）devoted（B） attract
8、ed（C） lost（D）exposed8 【B8 】（A）along（B） across（C） down（D）out9 【B9 】（A）imagined（B） denied（C） doubted（D）calculated10 【B10 】（A）served（B） restored（C） explained（D）required11 【B11 】（A）Thus（B） Still（C） Rather（D）Even12 【B12 】（A）defeats（B） symptoms（C） errors（D）tests13 【B13 】（A）highlighted（B） increased（C） cont
9、rolled（D）minimized14 【B14 】（A）presented（B） equipped（C） associated（D）compared15 【B15 】（A）assess（B） generate（C） moderate（D）record16 【B16 】（A）in the name of（B） in the form of（C） in the face of（D）in the way of17 【B17 】（A）attribute（B） commit（C） transfer（D）return18 【B18 】（A）unless（B） because（C） though（D）u
10、ntil19 【B19 】（A）remains（B） emerges（C） vanishes（D）decreases20 【B20 】（A）experiences（B） combines（C） justifies（D）influencesPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 First two hours, now three hoursthis is how far in adva
11、nce authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U. S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terro
12、rists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and private lives, not t
13、o mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA)found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weaponsboth fake and realpast airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline
14、 travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago s 0 Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate
15、 the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though th
16、e airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use
17、expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $ 85 every five years to p
18、rocess their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cann
19、ot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21 The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to_.（A）explain American s tolerance of current security checks（B） stress the u
20、rgency to strengthen security worldwide（C） highlight the necessity of upgrading major U. S. airports（D）emphasize the importance of privacy protection22 Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?（A）New restrictions on carry-on bags.（B） The declining efficiency of the TSA.（C）
21、An increase in the number of travellers.（D）Frequent unexpected secret checks.23 The word “expedited“(Line 3 , Para. 5)is closet in meaning to_.（A）quieter（B） cheaper（C） wider（D）faster24 One problem with the PreCheck program is_.（A）a dramatic reduction of its scale（B） its wrongly-directed implementati
22、on（C） the government s reluctance to back it（D）an unreasonable price for enrollment25 Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（A）Less Screening for More Safety.（B） PreChecka Belated Solution.（C） Getting Stuck in Security Lines.（D）Underused PreCheck Lanes.25 “The ancient Hawaiians
23、 were astronomers,“ wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant ob
24、servatory that promises to revolutionize humanity s view of the cosmos.An issue is the TMT s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world s most powerful te
25、lescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea s peak rises above the bulk of our planet s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists ha
26、ve long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of under
27、standing the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going
28、 back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality
29、 that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compr
30、omises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returne
31、d to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26 Queen Liliuokalani s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates_.（A）her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy（B） the importance of astronomy in anci
32、ent Hawaiian society（C） the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times（D）her appreciation of star watchers feats in her time27 Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to_.（A）its geographical features（B） its protective surroundings（C） its religious implications（D）its existing inf
33、rastructure28 The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because_.（A）it may risk ruining their intellectual life（B） it reminds them of a humiliating history（C） their culture will lose a chance of revival（D）they fear losing control of Mauna Kea29 It can be inferred from Paragraph 5
34、that progress in today s astronomy_.（A）is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians（B） helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world（C） may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture（D）will eventually soften Hawaiians hostility30 The author s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one o
35、f_.（A）severe criticism（B） passive acceptance（C） slight hesitancy（D）full approval30 Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country s GDP measures “ everything except that which makes life worthwhile“. With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is no
36、w a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK s GDP has been the en
37、vy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability
38、to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of cr
39、iteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 20
40、08 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and enviro
41、nment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country s success, the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a mea
42、sure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomesall things that contribute to a person s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we dep
43、end on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31 Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he_.（A）praised the UK for its GDP（B） identified GDP wit
44、h happiness（C） misinterpreted the role of GDP（D）had a low opinion of GDP32 It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that_.（A）the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern（B） the UK will contribute less to the world economy（C） GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK（D）policymakers in
45、 the UK are paying less attention to GDP33 Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?（A）It excludes GDP as an indicator.（B） It is sponsored by 163 countries.（C） Its criteria are questionable.（D）Its results are enlightening.34 In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that_.（
46、A）the UK is preparing for an economic boom（B） high GDP foreshadows an economic decline（C） it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP（D）it requires caution to handle economic issues35 Which of the following is the best title for the text?（A）High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson.（B） GDP
47、figures, a Window on Global Economic Health.（C） Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP.（D）Brexit, the UK s Gateway to Well-being.35 In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding i
48、ts nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts“ , or t
49、he former governor s decisions on “specific“ and “unsettled“ issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful“ and “nasty. “ But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be ma
