1、2017 年考研英语（二）真题试卷及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists o
2、nce again 【C1】_ that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 【C2 】_ . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 【C3】_ holds that the fu
3、ture will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 【C4】_ by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 【C5】_ , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 【C6】 _ today s unemployed dont seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemploye
4、d for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 【C7 】_ Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 【C8】_ for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 【C9】_ poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 【C10
5、】 _ the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn t 【C11】_ follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 【C12】_ of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 【C13 】_ of work, a society desi
6、gned with other ends in mind could 【C14 】_ strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 【C15】_ of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential, “ says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University
7、 of Ireland in Galway.These days, because leisure time is relatively 【C16】_ for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 【C17 】_ of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day s work, I often feel 【C18 】_ ,“ Danaher says, adding, “In a world in whic
8、h I don t have to work, I might feel rather different“perhaps different enough to throw himself 【C19】_ a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 【C20】_ matters.1 【C1 】（A）boasting（B） denying（C） warning（D）ensuring2 【C2 】（A）inequality（B） instability（C） unreliability（D）uncerta
9、inty3 【C3 】（A）policy（B） guideline（C） resolution（D）prediction4 【C4 】（A）characterized（B） divided（C） balanced（D）measured5 【C5 】（A）wisdom（B） meaning（C） glory（D）freedom6 【C6 】（A）Instead（B） Indeed（C） Thus（D）Nevertheless7 【C7 】（A）rich（B） urban（C） working（D）educated8 【C8 】（A）explanation（B） requirement（C） co
10、mpensation（D）substitute9 【C9 】（A）under（B） beyond（C） alongside（D）among10 【C10 】（A）leave behind（B） make up（C） worry about（D）set aside11 【C11 】（A）statistically（B） occasionally（C） necessarily（D）economically12 【C12 】（A）chances（B） downsides（C） benefits（D）principles13 【C13 】（A）absence（B） height（C） face（D）c
11、ourse14 【C14 】（A）disturb（B） restore（C） exclude（D）yield15 【C15 】（A）model（B） practice（C） virtue（D）hardship16 【C16 】（A）tricky（B） lengthy（C） mysterious（D）scarce17 【C17 】（A）demands（B） standards（C） qualities（D）threats18 【C18 】（A）ignored（B） tired（C） confused（D）starved19 【C19 】（A）off（B） against（C） behind（D）
12、into20 【C20 】（A）technological（B） professional（C） educational（D）interpersonalPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local pa
13、rk. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an ho
14、ur.Parkrun is succeeding where London s Olympic “legacy“ is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The
15、 population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the runup to 2012but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition cl
16、aims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation“. The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial; Y
17、our only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim
18、 was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots“ , concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government , it should
19、 really be getting involved in providing common goodsmaking sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money fr
20、om local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21 According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has_.（A）gained great popularity（B） created m
21、any jobs（C） strengthened community ties（D）become an official festival22 The author believes that London s Olympic “legacy“ has failed to_.（A）boost population growth（B） promote sport participation（C） improve the city s image（D）increase sport hours in schools23 Parkrun is different from Olympic games
22、in that it_.（A）aims at discovering talents（B） focuses on mass competition（C） does not emphasize elitism（D）does not attract first-timers24 With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should_.（A）organize “grassroots“ sports events（B） supervise local sports associations（C） increase fun
23、ds for sports clubs（D）invest in public sports facilities25 The author s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_.（A）tolerant（B） critical（C） uncertain（D）sympathetic25 With so much focus on children s use of screens, it s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Teck is
24、designed to really suck on you in,“ says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “ and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. “Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at m
25、ealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in
26、 the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsiveas they often are when absorbed in a deviceit can be ext
27、remely disconcerting for the children. Radesky cites the “ still face experiment“ devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; Th
28、e child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother s attention. “Parents dont have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,“ says
29、Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids use of screens are born out of an “ oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting“ with their children: “ It s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology
30、 that says if you re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them. “ Tronick believes that just because a child isn t learning from the screen doesn t mean there s no value to it particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from
31、their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which let them be more available to their child the rest of the time.26 According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to_.（A）simp
32、lify routine matters（B） absorb user attention（C） better interpersonal relations（D）increase work efficiency27 Radesky s food-testing exercise shows that mothers use of devices_.（A）takes away babies appetite（B） distracts children s attention（C） slows down babies verbal development（D）reduces mother-chi
33、ld communication28 Radesky s cites the “still face experiment“ to show that_.（A）it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions（B） verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange（C） children are insensitive to changes in their parents mood（D）parents need to respond to children s e
34、motional needs29 The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_,（A）protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies（B） teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year（C） ensure constant interaction with their children（D）remain concerned about kid s use of screens30 According to Tronick,
35、 kid s use of screens may_.（A）give their parents some free time（B） make their parents more creative（C） help them with their homework（D）help them become more attentive30 Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving
36、world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn t feel natural to spend a year doing something th
37、at isn t academic.But while this may be true, it s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “ race to the finish line,“ whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But des
38、pite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuitsin fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather th
39、an pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changesall things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown i
40、nto a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center
41、 for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but swit
42、ching to another after taking college classes. It s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school fr
43、om another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31 One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_.（A）they think it academically misleading（B） they have a lot of fun to expect in college（C） it feels s
44、trange to do differently from others（D）it seems worthless to take off-campus courses .32 Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_.（A）keep students from being unrealistic（B） lower risks in choosing careers（C） ease freshmen s financial burdens（D）relieve freshmen of pressur
45、es33 The word “acclimation“(Line 6, Para. 3)is closest in meaning to_.（A）adaptation（B） application（C） motivation（D）competition34 A gap year may save money for students by helping them_.（A）avoid academic failures（B） establish long-term goals（C） switch to another college（D）decide on the right major35
46、The most suitable title for this text would be_.（A）In Favor of the Gap Year（B） The ABCs of the Gap Year（C） The Gap Year Comes Back（D）The Gap Year: A Dilemma35 Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federa
47、l tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting firesnearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal fu
48、nds today are going towards the agency s other worksuch as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeepthat affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire pron
49、e districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“ It s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,“ he says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?“ “Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on
