1、MBA（英语）翻译练习试卷 19 及答案与解析一、Section IV TranslationDirections: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the passage into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.1 The key position and role of women in the process of development is increasingly being recognized. Although the
2、three great World Conferences of Women were more concerned with recognizing and compiling approaches to emancipation, we can currently confirm a general sharpening of awareness. It has become clear that the Third World cultures, in earlier times strongly matriarchal, have been weakened in this respe
3、ct by the methods of colonial education which are almost exclusively directed towards the male. Of the many criticisms of this situation let one voice be heard: “Development education groups and programs are very much male dominated and lack womans perspective“. So, too, the hopes placed in vocation
4、al training“vocationalization“as an aid to equality have been disappointed since this in its turn was to large extent focused on the male. In these circumstances we should not be surprised that until now women have participated least in the educational processes which have been introduced. Only 20%
5、attend primary school and the percentage of those who leave early is highest among girls. Because of the lack of basic training only around 10% take part in Adult Education programs; hence it is vitally important to secure a turning point by increasing the awareness of the need for education.2 Resea
6、rchers have studied the poor as individuals, as families and households, as members of poor communities, neighborhoods and regions, as products of larger poverty creating structures. They have been analyzed as victims of crime and criminals, as members of minority cultures, as passive consumers of m
7、ass culture and active producers of a “counterculture“, as participants in the informal economy, as inventors of survival strategies, as an economic burden and as a reserve army of laborto mention just some of the preoccupations of poverty research. The elites, who occupy the small upper stratum wit
8、hin the category of the non-poor, and their functions in the emergence and reproduction of poverty are as interesting and important an object for poverty research as are the poor themselves. The elites have images of the poor and of poverty which shape their decisions and actions. So far, little is
9、known about those images, except as they are sketchily portrayed in popular stereotypes. The elites may well ignore or deny the external effects of their own actions upon the living conditions of the poor. Many social scientists may take a very different view. As poverty emerged and was reproduced,
10、legal frameworks were created to contain the problems it caused with profound, and largely unknown, consequences for the poor themselves. In general, political, educational and social institutions tend to ignore or even damage the interests of the poor. In constructing a physical infrastructure for
11、transport, industry, trade and tourism, the settlements of the poor are often the first to suffer or to be left standing and exposed to pollution, noise and crowding.MBA（英语）翻译练习试卷 19 答案与解析一、Section IV TranslationDirections: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the passage into Ch
12、inese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.1 【正确答案】 人们逐渐认识到女性在社会发展过程中所处的关键地位和所起的作用。以前召开的三次意义重大的世界妇女大会更关注鉴别和收集女性摆脱男权束缚的方法，但我们确信人们目前已普遍加深了对此问题的认识。很明显，第三世界的文化，(早期强调母权制)，在这个方面已被殖民教育的方法削弱了，而这种殖民教育几乎只针对男性。在针对这种状况的许多批评中，我们应该听听这种意见：“进行发展教育的群体与项目大部分由男性支配，缺少女性的观点。” 所以，寄托在职业培训上的希望职业化，作为确保平等的一种辅助手段，也一直令
13、人失望，因为这种培训 I 在很大程度上也只关注男性。 在这样的情况下，我们对以下情况就不该感到奇怪迄今为止，在采用的教育发展过程中女性参加的活动最少。只有 20%的女性读了小学，那些辍学者中，女孩的比例最高。由于缺乏基础训练，只有大约 10%的女性参加了成人教育学习计划；因此，增强人们的教育需求意识以确保这种状况有所转变是非常重要的。【知识模块】 英译汉2 【正确答案】 研究人员从个体、家庭、贫穷社区和地区、较大型的贫穷产生机制等角度，研究了穷人。研究人员也分析了他们作为犯罪的受害者、作为非主流的成员、作为大众文化的被动消费者、作为“反正统文化” 的积极生产者、作为非正常经济的参与者、作为生存
14、策略的发明者、作为一种经济负担、作为劳动力储备大军等角色时所产生的问题，这些都属于研究贫困的人所关注的问题。 就像穷人本身一样，精英分子以及他们在贫困的产生和重现过程中所起的作用也是研究贫困问题的一个有趣和重要的对象，这些精英分子在不穷的人中占据了为数不多的上层地位。这些精英分子对于穷人和贫穷有自己的认识。这影响着他们的决定和行动。迄今为止，对于这些方面，我们还不太了解，除了一些流行的老套说法对它们的大致描述。这些人也许忽视或否认自己的行动(和失职)对穷人的生活状况产生的客观影响，但许多社会学家却与他们的看法不同。随着贫困的产生和重现，应该制定法律条文来概括那些贫困所产生的问题，这些问题对穷人自身产生了深刻的、很大程度上还不为人所知的影响。总体来看，政治、教育和社会机构往往忽视，甚至损害穷人的利益。在建设交通、工业、贸易和旅游业基础设施时，穷人的居住地经常首先成为受害地区，被置于污染、噪声和拥堵的环境中。【知识模块】 英译汉
