1、MBA（英语）翻译练习试卷 7 及答案与解析一、Section IV TranslationDirections: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the passage into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.1 All education springs from some image of the future. (1) If the image of the future held by a society is grossly
2、inaccurate, its education system will betray its youth.Imagine an Indian tribe which for centuries has sailed its dugouts on the river at its doorstep. During all this time the economy and culture of the tribe have depended upon fishing, preparing and cooking the products of the river, growing food
3、in soil fertilized by the river, building boats and appropriate tools. (2) So long as the rate of technological change in such a community stays slow, so long as no wars, invasions, epidemics or other natural disasters upset the even rhythm of life, it is simple for the tribe to formulate a workable
4、 image of its own future, since tomorrow merely repeats yesterday.It is from this image that education flows. Schools may not even exist in the tribe; yet there is a curriculuma cluster of skills, values and rituals to be learned. Boys are taught to scrape bark and hollow out trees just as their anc
5、estors did before them. The teacher in such a system knows what he is doing, secure in the knowledge that traditionthe pastwill work in the future.(3) What happens to such a tribe, however, when it pursues its traditional methods unaware that five hundred miles upstream men are constructing a gigant
6、ic dam that will dry up their branch of the river? Suddenly the tribes image of the future, the set of assumptions on which its members base their present behavior, becomes dangerously misleading. Tomorrow will not replicate today. The tribal investment in preparing its children to live in a river c
7、ulture becomes a pointless and potentially tragic waste. A false image of the future destroys the relevance of the education effort.This is our situation todayonly it is we, ironically, not some distant strangerswho are building the dam that will annihilate the culture of the present. (4) Never befo
8、re has any culture subjected itself to so intense and prolonged a bombardment of technological, social, and info-psychological change. (5) This change is accelerating and we witness everywhere in the high-technology societies evidence that the old industrial-era structures can no longer carry out th
9、eir functions.2 The process of entering the confines of political and economic power can be pictured as a system in which persons are chosen from a political elite pool. (1) In this reservoir of possible leaders are the individuals with the skills, education, and other qualifications needed to fill
10、elite positions. It is here that competition does exist, that the highest achievers do display their abilities, and that the best qualified do generally succeed. Here, what is more important is entering this reservoir of qualified people.(2) Many in the masses may have leadership abilities, but unle
11、ss they can gain entrance into the elite pool, their abilities will go unnoticed. Those of the higher class and status rank enter more easily into this competition since they have been afforded greater opportunities to acquire the needed qualifications.(3) In addition to formal qualifications, there
12、 are less obvious social-psychological factors which tend to narrow the potential elite pool further. (4) “Self-assertion“ and “self-elimination“ are processes by which those of higher social status assert themselves and those of lower social status eliminate themselves from competition for elite po
13、sitions. A young man whose family has been active in politics, who has attended Harvard, and who has established a network of connections to the high position in the business or political world. (5) On the other hand, a young man with less prestigious (有名望的) family background, no connections, and on
14、ly a high school education or even a college degree from a state university would not likely expect a further place for himself at the top. As Prewitt and Stone explain, such an individual “has few models to follow, no contacts to put him into the right channels, and little reason to think of himsel
15、f as potentially wealthy or powerful.“ Thus, self-selection aids in filtering out those of lower income and status groups from the pool of potential elites. Most eliminate themselves from the competition early in the fame.MBA（英语）翻译练习试卷 7 答案与解析一、Section IV TranslationDirections: In this section there
16、 is a passage in English. Translate the passage into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.1 【正确答案】 1如果一个社会抱有的未来形象大体失真，它的教育制度将把青年引向歧途。2只要这样一个群落里技术变化的速度始终缓慢，只要没有战事、侵略、流行病或其他自然疾病打乱生活的平稳节奏，部落就可以简单地构成一个本部落切合实际的未来形象，因为明天无非是重复昨天而已。3然而，在继续运用它的传统方法时，意识不到上游 500 英里外的地方人们在建造一个大坝，它将抽干其支流，那么这样一个部落
17、会碰到什么情形呢?4任何文化以前都不曾经受如此激烈而持久的技术、社会、信息心理上变革的轰击。5这种变革正在加速，我们在高科技社会处处目睹旧工业时代的结构再也无法行使其功能的迹象。【知识模块】 英译汉2 【正确答案】 1在有望成为未来领导人的人才库中的人都具有担任显要职位所需要的技能、学历以及其他资格。2民众中有许多人可能具有领导者素质，但是除非他们可以进入这个精英人才库，否则他们的能力就会被忽略。3除了一些正式的资格外，还有一些不太明显的社会心理因素往往会进一步缩小这个潜在精英人才库的规模。4“我行我素 ”和“自我淘汰”是指社会地位较高的人显示自己的权威，以及社会地位较低的人自我淘汰，退出获取显要职位的竞争。5另一方面，一位年轻人，如果他不出生于名门望族，没有社会关系，只有中学学历或甚至具备某州立大学的学位，他不太可能期望自己将来能出人头地。【知识模块】 英译汉
