1、MBA（英语）阅读理解练习试卷 11 及答案与解析一、Section III Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.0 We have to realize how old, how very old, we are. Nations are classified as “aged“ when th
2、ey have 7 per cent or more of their people aged 65 or above, and by about 1970 every one of the advanced countries had become like this. Of the really ancient societies, with over 13 per cent above 65, all are in Northwestern Europe. We know that we are getting even older, and that the nearer a soci
3、ety approximates to zero population growth, the older its population is likely to be-at least, for any future that concerns us now. To these now familiar facts a number of further facts may be added, some of them only recently recognized. There is the apparent paradox that the effective cause of the
4、 high proportion of the old is births rather than deaths. There is the economic principle that the dependency ratio-the degree to which those who cannot earn depend for a living on those who can-is more advantageous in older societies like ours than in the younger societies of the developing world,
5、because lots of dependent babies are more of a liability than numbers of the inactive aged. There is the appreciation of the historical truth that the aging of advanced societies has been a sudden change. If “revolution“ is a rapid resettlement of the social structure, and if the age composition of
6、the society counts as a very important aspect of that social structure, then there has been a social revolution in European and particularly Western European society within the lifetime of everyone over 50. Taken together, these things have implications which are only beginning to be acknowledged. T
7、hese facts and circumstances had a leading position at a world gathering about aging as a challenge to science and to policy, held at Vichy in France. There is often resistance to the idea that it is because the birth rate fell earlier in Western and Northwestern Europe than elsewhere, rather than b
8、ecause of any change in the death rate, that we have grown so old. Long life is altering our society, of course, but in experiential terms. We have among us a very much greater experience of continued living than any society that has ever preceded us anywhere, and this will continue. But too much of
9、 that lengthened experience, even in the wealthy West, will be experience of poverty and neglect, unless we do something about it. If you are in your thirties, you ought to be aware that you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60. The older you are now, of c
10、ourse, the greater this proportion will be, and greater still if you are a woman.A experienced in poor conditions. B more likely to live longer. C discuss aging as a challenge both science and policy confronts. D these things have far-reaching implications. E the degree to which those non-earners re
11、ly on those earners. F the older its population tends to be. G the early drop in birth rate.1 The closer a society gets to zero population increase, _ 2 The dependency ratio means _ 3 A world conference was held at Vichy in France to _ 4 The Europeans have grown so old because of _ 5 If you are a wo
12、man, youre _ 5 Researchers have studied the poor as individuals, as families and households, as members of poor communities, neighborhoods and regions, as products of larger poverty creating structures. They have been analyzed as victims of crime and criminals, as members of minority cultures, as pa
13、ssive consumers of mass culture and active producers of a “counterculture“, as participants in the informal economy, as inventors of survival strategies, as an economic burden and as a reserve army of labor-to mention just some of the preoccupations of poverty research. The elites, who occupy the sm
14、all upper stratum within the category of the non-poor, and their functions in the emergence and reproduction of poverty are as interesting and important an object for poverty research as are the poor themselves. The elites have images of the poor and of poverty which shape their decisions and action
15、s. So far, little is known about those images, except as they are sketchily portrayed in popular stereotypes. The elites may well ignore or deny the external effects of their own actions (and omissions) upon the living conditions of the poor. Many social scientists may take a very different view. As
16、 poverty emerged and was reproduced, legal frameworks were created to contain the problems it caused with profound, and largely unknown, consequences for the poor themselves. In general, political, educational and social institutions tend to ignore or even damage the interests of the poor. In constr
17、ucting a physical infrastructure for transport, industry, trade and tourism, the settlements of the poor are often the first to suffer or to be left standing and exposed to pollution, noise and crowding. Most important are the economic functions of poverty, as for lack of other options the poor are
18、forced to perform activities considered degrading or unclean. The poor are more likely to buy second-hand goods and leftover foodstuffs, thus prolonging their economic utility. They are likely to use the services of low-quality doctors, teachers and lawyers whom the non-poor shy away from. Poverty a
19、nd the poor serve an important symbolic function, in reminding citizens of the lot that may befall those who do not heed the values of thrift, diligence and cleanliness, and of the constant threat that the rough, the immoral and the violent represent for the rest of society. Physically, the poor and
20、 the non-poor are often kept apart, through differential land use and ghettoization. Socially, they are separated through differential participation in the labor market, the consumption economy, and in political, social and cultural institutions. Conceptually, they are divided through stereotyping a
21、nd media clich. This separation is even more pronounced between the elites and the poor. A patronize low-quality doctors, teachers and lawyers. B by means of stereotyping and media clich. C as an subject for studying poverty. D the values of thrift, diligence and cleanliness. E by political, educati
22、onal and social organizations. F through differential presence in the labor force. G victims of criminal acts.6 The poor were usually associated with _ 7 The elites are interesting and important _ 8 In general, the interests of the poor are destroyed _ 9 The poor people are likely to _ 10 Socially,
23、the poor and the non-poor are divided _ MBA（英语）阅读理解练习试卷 11 答案与解析一、Section III Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.【知识模块】 阅读理解1 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 从题干的句法特征可以判断出，这是一个 the mo
24、rethe more的比较结构，表达“越就越”的信息。七个选项之中，只有 F 能够满足句法的要求。本题源自于第一段最后一句。【知识模块】 阅读理解2 【正确答案】 E【试题解析】 如果从题感分析，动词：means 后面可以出现从句，如 D；也可以接名词结构，如 E 和 G。本句源自第二段第三句破折号里面的成分，可知 E 满足原旬的信息。【知识模块】 阅读理解3 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 分析题干可知，to 是一个动词不定式的符号(另外一个用法是介词)，后面承接动词原型。本题源自于第三段最后一句。【知识模块】 阅读理解4 【正确答案】 G【试题解析】 分析题干可知，because of 后面
25、承接一个名词结构，只有 E 和 G 满足句法条件。本题源自于第四段第一句，句子中有一个强调结构和 rather than 引出的并列结构。 【知识模块】 阅读理解5 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 根据题干的句法特征可知，这里需要一个表语。通常形容词或者分词充当表语，A 或者 B 都满足句法条件。本题源自最后一段最后一句。【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解6 【正确答案】 G【试题解析】 通过题干的句法分析，介词 with 后面必须承接名词短语或者动名词短语，满足条件的有 D 和 G 两个选项。从第一段第二句的并列结构可以看出，G 可以完成句子的信息。 【知识模块】 阅读理解7 【正确
26、答案】 C【试题解析】 题干的句法分析无法给我们提供特别的线索，只能从文章里面寻找。在第二段第一句中，作者告诉我们，“精英”们的重要性在于可以给研究作为参照。 【知识模块】 阅读理解8 【正确答案】 E【试题解析】 题干分析告诉我们，在动词被动形式后面可以承接介词结构，有 B C E F 四个选项满足条件。本题源自第二段倒数第二句，注意主动语态和被动语态的转化。 【知识模块】 阅读理解9 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 题干的 to 是一个重要的标记，后面承接动词原型，只有 A 满足条件。源自于第三段第三句的信息。 【知识模块】 阅读理解10 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 题干分析同第三题。信息源自最后一段第二句。 【知识模块】 阅读理解
