1、翻译硕士英语模拟试卷 18 及答案与解析一、Vocabulary1 It used to be_impossible to find vegetarian restaurants outside the major cities, but now they can be found in many towns and cities.（A）fantastically（B） readily（C） virtually（D）primarily2 I was going to spend my holiday in Italy next year but the price of everything
2、has rather _the idea. Perhaps I shall to Spain instead.（A）bogged me down（B） turned me out（C） set me back（D）put me off3 _of our personal rhythms, most of us have a productive period between 10 a. m. and noon, when the stomach, pancreas, spleen and heart all appear to be in their most active phases.（A
3、）Irrespective（B） Irrelevant（C） Disregarding（D）Despite4 The lawsuit was lost because of_in the statements of the witness.（A）discrepancies（B） conjugations（C） coincidences（D）remonstrations5 Many who_their visits to the dentist regret it later.（A）refer（B） infer（C） defer（D）confer6 The very biggest and mo
4、st murderous wars during the industrial age were intra-industrial wars that_Second Wave nations like Germany and Britain against one another.（A）pitted（B） clipped（C） alleged（D）embarked7 We did hold a meeting yesterday, but you_, so we did not inform you.（A）did not need attending（B） needn t have atten
5、ded（C） did not need to attend（D）needn t attend8 In her time, Isadora Duncan was_today a liberated woman.（A）calling what we would（B） who would be calling（C） what we would call（D）she would call it9 The fact that the management is trying to reach agreement_five separate unions has led to long negotiati
6、ons.（A）over（B） upon（C） in（D）with10 After the Arab state won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys_to go to school.（A）to be encouraged（B） being encouraged（C） to have been encouraged（D）be encouraged11 If you don t eat enough fruit and vegetables, you
7、may suffer from a vitamin_.（A）shortage（B） insufficiency（C） deficiency（D）defect12 Theartist s use of swirls of_colors conveys a sense of excitement.（A）vigorous（B） drastic（C） vibrant（D）strident13 False conflict, also known as illusory conflict, occurs when people believe that their interests are incom
8、patible with the other party s interests_, in fact, they are not.（A）whether（B） but（C） when（D）for14 The story is about a kindly, generous, cheerful _who loves and is loved by everyone.（A）misanthrope（B） wanderer（C） entertainer（D）hater15 A full-sized tripod is far too_to carry around. I find this pocke
9、t-sized one is much handier.（A）overweight（B） inept（C） unwieldy（D）outsize16 It is unlikely he can significantly contribute to the highly competitive strategies that food _demands.（A）retail（B） retain（C） retailing（D）retaining17 _when she started complaining.（A）Not until he arrived（B） No sooner had he a
10、rrived（C） Hardly had he arrived（D）Scarcely did he arrive18 One of the most_challenges that the United States-and indeed, the world-will face in the next few decades is how to alleviate the growing stress that human activities are placing on the environment.（A）consequential（B） subsequent（C） emergent（
11、D）pressing19 From cave paintings and from_on bone and reindeer horn, it is known that prehistoric humans were close observers of nature who carefully tracked the seasons and times of the year.（A）apparently regular scratches（B） scratching apparently regularly（C） regular scratches apparently（D）scratch
12、es regular apparently20 Hotel rooms must be_by noon, but luggage may be left with the porter.（A）departed（B） abandoned（C） vacated（D）displaced21 The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly_.（A）noticed（B） to be noticed（C） being notice
13、d（D）to notice22 _mechanical device has ever been invented that can satisfactorily replace teasel flower heads for raising the nap on cloth.（A）No（B） Not the（C） Never has a（D）There is no23 The statesman was evidently_by the journalist s questions and glared at him for a few seconds.（A）put down（B） put
14、out（C） put across（D）put away24 Thomas Hardy s novels are said to suffer from the “long arm of coincidence“ because too many events seem to have a casual rather than a_connection.（A）incidental（B） substantial（C） causal（D）plausible25 Lowbrows are quite_for highbrows to have symphonies and their Russian
15、 novels.（A）skeptical（B） contained（C） stunning（D）yearning26 She waited at the gate, her hands_before her.（A）folding（B） were folding（C） were folded（D）folded27 They designed_than a matchbox.（A）no bigger a model（B） a no bigger model（C） a bigger model no（D）a model no bigger28 She worked hard at her task
16、before she felt sure that the results would_her long effort.（A）justify（B） testify（C） rectify（D）verify29 In order to be successful as an engineer, she had to become_at mathematics.（A）proficient（B） outstanding（C） prominent（D）experienced30 Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner_
17、to the professor.（A）as far as（B） the same as（C） as much as（D）as long as二、Reading Comprehension30 The Roman language served as the first model for answering the question. Even to someone with no knowledge of Latin, the similarities among Roman languages would have made it natural to suggest that they
18、 were derived from a common ancestor. On the assumption that the shared characteristic of these languages came from the common ancestor, it would have been possible to reconstruct many of the characteristics of the original common language. In much the same way it became clear that the branches of t
19、he Indo-European family could be studied and a hypothetical family tree constructed , reading back to a common ancestor. This is the tree approach. The basic process represented by the tree model is one of divergence: when languages become isolated from one another, they differ increasingly, and dia
20、lects gradually become different until they become separate languages.Divergence is by no means the only possible tendency in language evolution. Johannes Schmidt introduced a “wave“ model, in which linguistic changes were like waves, eventually leading to convergence; that is, growing similarity am
21、ong languages that were initially quite different.Today, however, most linguists think primarily in terms of familytrees. It is necessary to construct some models of how language change might occur according to a process-based view. There are four main classes of models.The first is the process of i
22、nitial colonization, by which an uninhabited territory becomes populated; its language naturally becomes that of the colonizers. Second are processes of divergence, such as the linguistic divergence arising from separation or isolation mentioned above in relation to early models of the Indo-European
23、 languages. The third group of models is based on processes of linguistic convergence. The wave model, formulated by Schmidt in the 1870 s, is an example, but convergence methods have not generally found favor among linguists.Now, the slow and rather static operation of these processes is complicate
24、d by another factor: linguistic replacement. That factor provides the basis for a fourth class of models, in many areas of the world the languages initially spoken by the indigenous people have come to be replaced, fully or partially, by languages spoken by people coming from outside. Were it not fo
25、r this large complicating factor, the world s linguistic history could be faithfully described by the initial distribution of Homo Sapiens, followed by the gradual workings of divergence and convergence. So linguistic replacement also has a key role to play in explaining the origins of the Indo-Euro
26、pean languages.31 The characteristics of the original common language can be described on the basis of_.（A）the similarities among Romance languages（B） the hypothetical family tree（C） the process known as divergence（D）the common features of Roman languages32 According to Johannes Schmidt, _.（A）langua
27、ges change on a large scale like waves（B） divergence is not the only possible tendency in language change（C） language evolution can be explained in terms of divergence and convergence（D）different languages will become increasingly similar until they develop into one language33 It can be inferred fro
28、m paragraph 4 that_.（A）there doesn t exist any satisfactory model of language change（B） most linguists explain language change only in terms of divergence（C） most linguists generally don t accept the idea of language convergence（D）the first process in language evolution is colonization, followed by
29、divergence34 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?（A）Linguistic replacement can be ignored for the linguistic history to be fully described.（B） Linguistic replacement cannot be ignored in explaining where the Indo-European languages come from（C） Because of linguistic replacement,
30、the other three models prove to be incorrect（D）Compared with the other models, linguistic replacement is the most important model35 This passage is primarily written to _.（A）discuss the importance of linguistic replacement（B） introduce the origin of the Indo-European language（C） explain the divergen
31、ce of the Indo-European languages（D）introduce models concerning the origin of the Indo-European languages35 Of all the catastrophes that could befall America in coming years, a big terrorist attack, perhaps even bigger than those on September 11th 2001, may be more likely than others. Who would pay
32、for the millions in property damage, business losses and other claims from such an attack?This is the question with which America s Congress is currently wrestling. The Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA. was passed as a temporary measure after September 11th to provide a government back-stop for th
33、e insurance industry in the event of a catastrophic attack. It now says government can step in when insured losses from a terrorist event top $ 5 m. TRIA has helped to stabilize the market, and enabled insurers to continue offering terrorism-risk cover even after swallowing the big losses imposed by
34、 September 11th. But unless Congress acts fast, TRIA will expire at the end of the year. One likely result is the loss of terrorism-risk cover for thousands of firms and proper-ty owners. This, in turn, could disrupt businesses and make some commercial activity impossible. With modifications, TRIA s
35、hould be extended.The Bush administration has been opposed to extension. It has always seen TRIA as a shortterm measure, and has argued that the private sector should assume sole responsibility for terrorism insurance. This is the right goal. A purely private solution would be best, lifting any futu
36、re burden-from the taxpayer and relying on the industry to price and spread risks more accurately than any government can do. But relying entirely on the private sector immediately does not look feasible. With TRIA s expiration looming, insurers and reinsurers have not, as the administration expecte
37、d, rushed to write new contracts for next year offering to fall gaps in terrorism cover.Why the hesitation? Unlike other risks, the threat of terrorism cannot be forecast in time or scope, making a mockery of insurers underwriting models. A big chemical, biological or nuclear attack is a prospect fe
38、w can price, or afford to cover. Insurers are already being threatened with downgrades by rating agencies for the terrorism cover they have sold.One reason is that insurance, far from being a free market, is already one of the most heavily regulated of industries. Operating in a highly distorted mar
39、ketplace, with 50 state regulators, the insurance industry seems to be having trouble pricing the largest of terrorism risks in a way that is credible and can still offer insurers a profit. Letting TRIA expire, and abruptly withdrawing the government role in insuring the largest losses, would just e
40、xacerbate this problem.Any renewal of TRIA should, once again, be limited to two years, say. Its extension must also shift more of the burden, and the business, to the private sector. If an extension is agreed and TRIA s threshold for government intervention is raised substantially, work should begi
41、n now to find better longer-term solutions. One place to look is abroad, where governments have dealt with terrorism risk for years. In Britain, for instance, insurers have created a pool of capital that is backed by the government and, over time, shifts a greater share of risk on to the private sec
42、tor. Other options to consider include tax changes that reduce the cost of holding capital by insurers and reinsurers, and facilitating the use of catastrophe bonds.With fewer regulatory distortions of insurance markets, a solely private solution may be attainable in the long run. In the current env
43、ironment, though, the same government that regularly warns of terrorist threats must still have a role to play in a solution that safeguards America s financial security. It would be better to plan ahead than wait for a rushed, Katrina-style bail-out after a big attack. Amid all the uncertainties, o
44、ne thing seems clear: any such bail-out would be more costly and lead to even greater market distortions without an extension of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act today.36 TRIA_.（A）provides insurance to properties in high-risk areas（B） should be extended as it is now（C） requires government support to
45、 risk insurance（D）has caused a substantial loss of revenue to the state37 The private sector is hesitant in taking sole responsibility for terrorism insurance because_.（A）their current pricing models cannot estimate terrorism attacks properly（B） they do not often insure things they cannot forecast（C
46、） they are threatened by loss of other insurance takers（D）they do not have regulator-approved contracts that cover terrorism attacks38 The extension of TRIA should aim at_.（A）making government intervention more unacceptable（B） introducing foreign companies into terrorism insurance（C） setting up cata
47、strophe bonds managed by insurers and reinsurers（D）pushing the private sector to take sole responsibility39 If the government let TRIA expire, _.（A）it should stop warning the public of terrorist attacks regularly（B） it will have to pay more money when large scale catastrophe occurs（C） regulatory dis
48、tortions of insurance markets will be reduced（D）private insurance companies will stop insuring terrorism attacks40 The writer is_in developing the argument in this passage.（A）objective（B） emotional（C） disturbed（D）indifferent40 It so happened that Lucy, who found daily life rather chaotic, entered a
49、more solid world when she opened the piano. She was then no longer either deferential or patronizing; no longer either a rebel or a slave. The kingdom of music is not the kingdom of this world; it will accept those whom breeding and intellect and culture have alike rejected. The commonplace person begins to play, and shoots into the empyrean without effort, whilst we look up,
