1、在职艺术硕士（MFA ）全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷 19 及答案与解析一、英文阅读理解题0 Many Americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, says bluntly that if the dangers fr
2、om bacterially contaminated chicken were as great as some people believe, “the streets would be littered with people lying here and there. “Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California
3、, Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plants weight is made up of natural pesticides (杀虫剂 ). Says he: “Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare. “ And many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests
4、 to be strong carcinogensa substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms (蘑菇) might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives (添加剂). Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at Cornell University, “Weve got far worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anyt
5、hing man-made. “Yet the issues are not that simple. While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals.
6、 If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people will withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat a
7、nd drink.To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards， stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. Perhaps mo
8、st important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from fields to processing plants to kitchens. (381 words)1 What does the author think of the Americans view of their food
9、?（A）They overstate the governments interference with the food industry.（B） They are overoptimistic about the safety of their food.（C） They overestimate the hazards of their food.（D）They overlook the risks of the food they eat.2 The author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because_.（A）no
10、 food is free from pollution in the environment（B） pesticides are widely used in agriculture（C） many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicals（D）almost all foods have additives3 By saying “they employ chemical warfare“ (Lines 45, Para. 2), Bruce Ames means “_“.（A）plants produce certain chemical
11、s to combat pests and diseases（B） plants absorb useful chemicals to promote their growth（C） farmers use man-made chemicals to dissolve the natural chemicals in plants（D）farmers use chemicals to protect plants against pests and diseases4 The reduction of the possible hazards in food ultimately depend
12、s on_.（A）the government（B） the consumer（C） the processor（D）the grower5 What is the message the author wants to convey in the passage?（A）Eating and drinking have become more hazardous than before.（B） Immediate measures must be taken to improve food production and processing.（C） Health food is not a d
13、ream in modern society.（D）There is reason for caution but no cause for alarm with regard to food consumptioa5 Imagine eating everything delicious you wantwith none of the fat. That would be great, wouldnt it?New “fake fat“ products appeared on store shelves in the United States recently, but not eve
14、ryone is happy about it Makers of the products, which contain a compound called olestra, say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods. Critics, however, say the new compound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients (营养物) and can also cause unpleasant side effects in so
15、me people. So its up to decide whether the new fat-free products taste good enough to keep eating.Chemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s, when they were searching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired fat, the researchers created a fat that ca
16、nt be digested at all.Normally, special chemicals in the intestines (肠) “grab“ molecules of regular fat and break them down so they can be used by the body. A molecule of regular fat is made up of three molecules of substances called fatty acids.The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bri
17、ng with them the essential vitamins A, D, E, and K. When fat molecules are present in the intestines with any of those vitamins, the vitamins attach to the molecules and are carried into the bloodstream.Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecules of fatty acids, is too large for the intestine
18、s to absorb. It just slides through the intestines without being broken down. Manufacturers say its that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines that makes olestra so valuable as a fat substitute. It provides consumers with the taste of regular fat without any bad effects on the body. But
19、critics say olestra can prevent vitamins A, D, E, and K from being absorbed. It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids (类胡萝卜素 ), compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, etc.Manufacturers are adding vitamins A, D， E, and K as well as carotenoids to their products now. Eve
20、n so, some nutritionists are still concerned that people might eat unlimited amounts of food made with the fat substitute without worrying about how many calories they are consuming. (381 words)6 We learn from the passage that olestra is a substance that_.（A）contains plenty of nutrients（B） renders f
21、oods calorie-free while retaining their vitamins（C） makes foods easily digestible（D）makes foods fat-free while keeping; them delicious7 The result of the search for an easily digestible fat turned out to be_.（A）commercially useless（B） just as anticipated（C） somewhat controversial（D）quite unexpected8
22、 Olestra is different from ordinary fats in that_.（A）it passes through the intestines without being absorbed（B） it facilitates the absorption of vitamins by the body（C） it helps reduce the incidence of heart disease（D）it prevents excessive intake of vitamins9 What is a possible negative effect of ol
23、estra according to some critics?（A）It may impair the digestive system.（B） It may affect the overall fat intake.（C） It may increase the risk of cancer.（D）It may spoil the consumers appetite.10 Why are nutritionists concerned about adding vitamins to olestra?（A）It may lead to the over-consumption of v
24、itamins.（B） People may be induced to eat more than is necessary.（C） The function of the intestines may be weakened.（D）It may trigger a new wave of fake food production.10 In department stores and closets all over the world, they are waiting. Their outward appearance seems rather appealing because th
25、ey come in a variety of styles, textures, and colors. But they are ultimately the biggest deception that exists in the fashion industry today. What are they? They are high heelsa womans worst enemy (whether she knows it or not). High heel shoes are the downfall of modern society. Fashion myths have
26、led women to believe that they are more beautiful or sophisticated for wearing heels, but in reality, heels succeed in posing short as well as long term hardships. Women should fight the high heel industry by refusing to use or purchase them in order to save the world from unnecessary physical and p
27、sychological suffering.For the sake of fairness, it must be noted that there is a positive side to high heels. First, heels are excellent for aerating (使通气,) lawns. Anyone who has ever worn heels on grass knows what I am talking about. A simple trip around the yard in a pair of those babies eliminat
28、es all need to call for a lawn care specialist, and provides the perfect-sized holes to give any lawn oxygen without all those messy chunks of dirt lying around. Second, heels are quite functional for defense against oncoming enemies, who can easily be scared away by threatening them with a pair of
29、these sharp, deadly fashion accessories.Regardless of such practical uses for heels, the fact remains that wearing high heels is harmful to ones physical health. Talk to any podiatrist (足病医生)， and you will hear that the majority of their business comes from high-heel-wearing women. High heels are kn
30、own to cause problems such as deformed feet and torn toenails. The risk of severe back problems and twisted or broken ankles is three times higher for a flat shoe wearer. Wearing heels also creates the threat of getting a heel caught in a sidewalk crack or a sewer grate (阴沟栅 ) and being thrown to th
31、e groundpossibly breaking a nose, back, or neck. And of course, after wearing heels for a day, any woman knows she can look forward to a night of pain as she tries to comfort her swollen, aching feet. (384 words)11 What makes women blind to the deceptive nature of high heels?（A）The multi-functional
32、use of high heels.（B） Their attempt to show off their status.（C） The rich variety of high heel styles.（D）Their wish to improve their appearance.12 The authors presentation of the positive side of high heels is meant_.（A）to be ironic（B） to poke fun at women（C） to be fair to the fashion industry（D）to
33、make his point convincing13 The author uses the expression “those babies“ (Lines 34， Para. 2) to refer to high heels_.（A）to show their fragile characteristics（B） to indicate their feminine features（C） to show womens affection for them（D）to emphasize their small size14 The authors chief argument agai
34、nst high heels is that_.（A）they pose a threat to lawns（B） they are injurious to womens health（C） they dont necessarily make women beautiful（D）they are ineffective as a weapon of defense15 It can be inferred from the passage that women should_.（A）see through the very nature of fashion myths（B） boycot
35、t the products of the fashion industry（C） go to a podiatrist regularly for advice（D）avoid following fashion too closely15 Burn rate is the speed at which a startup business consumes money. My rate would be $ 50,000 a month when my new media company started. So, I began looking around for individuals
36、 who would be my first investors. “Angel money“ it was called. But when I reviewed my list of acquaintances to find those who might be able to help, I found the number got small.With no other choices, I began meeting with the venture-capital companies. But I was warned they took a huge share of your
37、 company for the money they put in. And if you struggled, they could drop you cold.As I was searching for “angel money“, I started to build a team who trusted me even though I didnt have money for paychecks yet.Bill Becker was an expert in computer programming and image processing at a very famous M
38、edia Lab at MIT. With his arrival, my company suddenly had a major technology “guy“ in house.Katherine Henderson, a filmmaker and a former real-estate dealer, joined us as our director of market research. Steve White came on as operating officer. He had worked for the developer of a home-finance sof
39、tware, Quicken. We grabbed him.We had some really good people, but we still didnt have enough money. One night, my neighbor, Louise Johnson, came for a visit. She and I were only nodding acquaintances, but her boys and ours were constant companions. She ran a very good business at the time.Louise wa
40、s brilliant and missed nothing. She had been watching my progress closely. She knew I was dying for money and I had prospects but could offer no guarantees of success.She told me that her attorney had talked to mine and the terms had been agreed upon. She handed me an envelope. Inside was a check fo
41、r $ 500,000.I almost fell down. I heard her voice as if from heaven.“I have confidence in your plan,“ she said. “Youll do well. Youre going to work hard for it, but its satisfying when you build your own company. “Who would have thought Id find an angel so close to home? There were no words sufficie
42、nt for the moment. We just said good night. She left and I just stood there, completely humbled and completely committed. (385 words)16 For a newly-established business, burn rate refers to_.（A）the salary it pays to its staff（B） the interest it pays to the bank（C） the way in which it raises capital（
43、D）the speed at which it spends money17 By “Angel money“, the author refers to_.（A）the money borrowed from banks（B） the money spent to promote sales（C） the money raised from close friends（D）the money needed to start a business18 To get help from a venture-capital company, you may have to_.（A）put up w
44、ith unfair terms（B） change your business line（C） enlarge your business scope（D）let them operate your business19 The author easily built a team for his company because_.（A）they were underpaid at their previous jobs（B） they were turned down by other companies（C） they were confident of the author and h
45、is business（D）they were satisfied with the salaries in his company20 Louise decided to lend money to the author because_.（A）she wanted to join his company（B） she knew he would build a team（C） she knew his plan would succeed（D）she wanted to help promote his sales在职艺术硕士（MFA ）全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷 19 答案与解析一、英
46、文阅读理解题1 【正确答案】 C【知识模块】 英文阅读理解2 【正确答案】 C【知识模块】 英文阅读理解3 【正确答案】 A【知识模块】 英文阅读理解4 【正确答案】 B【知识模块】 英文阅读理解5 【正确答案】 D【知识模块】 英文阅读理解6 【正确答案】 D【知识模块】 英文阅读理解7 【正确答案】 D【知识模块】 英文阅读理解8 【正确答案】 A【知识模块】 英文阅读理解9 【正确答案】 C【知识模块】 英文阅读理解10 【正确答案】 B【知识模块】 英文阅读理解11 【正确答案】 D【知识模块】 英文阅读理解12 【正确答案】 B【知识模块】 英文阅读理解13 【正确答案】 D【知识模块】 英文阅读理解14 【正确答案】 B【知识模块】 英文阅读理解15 【正确答案】 D【知识模块】 英文阅读理解16 【正确答案】 D【知识模块】 英文阅读理解17 【正确答案】 D【知识模块】 英文阅读理解18 【正确答案】 A【知识模块】 英文阅读理解19 【正确答案】 C【知识模块】 英文阅读理解20 【正确答案】 C【知识模块】 英文阅读理解
