1、在职艺术硕士（MFA ）全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷 36 及答案与解析一、英文阅读理解题0 It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints (约束) influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you dont a
2、t least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beths story:I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle (小隔间) offices and window offices. I sat in the cubicles with several male coll
3、eagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles. Several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content
4、 to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but “nice“ isnt a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, youll probably have to ask for it.Perfo
5、rmance is your best bargaining chip (筹码) when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decision
6、s are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want.Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market.What will someone else pay for your services?Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepare
7、d to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction. (345 words)1 According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should_.（A）demonstrate his capability（B） give his boss a good impression（C） ask for as much money as he can（D）ask for the salary he hopes to get2 What can be i
8、nferred from Beths story?（A）Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.（B） If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it.（C） People should not be content with what they have got.（D）People should be careful when negotiating for a job.3 We can learn from the passage that_.（
9、A）unfairness exists in salary increases（B） most people are overworked and underpaid（C） one should avoid overstating ones performance（D）most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises4 To get a pay raise, a person should_.（A）advertise himself on the job market（B） persuade his boss to sign a
10、long-term contract（C） try to get inside information about the organization（D）do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions5 To be successful in negotiations, one must_.（A）meet his boss at the appropriate time（B） arrive at the negotiation table punctually（C） be good at influencing
11、the outcome: of the interaction（D）be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes5 It came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales, made a trip to Angola in 1997, to support the Red Crosss campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines. Within hours of arriving in Angola
12、, television screens around the World were filled with images of her comforting victims injured in explosions caused by landmines. “I knew the statistics,“ she said. “But putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me; like when I met Sandra, a 13-year-old girl who had lost her leg,
13、and people like her. “The Princess concluded, with a simple message: “We must stop landmines. “ And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message.But, back in London, her views were not shared by some members of the British government, which refused to support a ban on these wea
14、pons. Angry politicians launched an attack on the Princess in the press. They described her as “very ill-informed“ and a “loose cannon (乱放炮的人 )“.The Princess responded by brushing aside the criticisms: “This is a distraction (干扰) we do not need. All Im trying to do is to help. “Opposition parties, t
15、he media and the public immediately voiced their support for the Princess. To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princesss trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British governm
16、ents policy regarding landmines. The result was a severe embarrassment for the government.To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary, Malcolm Rifkind, claimed that the Princesss views on landmines were not very different from government policy, and that it was “working towards“ a worldwide b
17、an. The Defense Secretary, Michael Porti-llo, claimed the matter was “a misinterpretation or misunderstanding“.For the Princess, the trip to this war-torn country was an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much destruction and suffering landmines can cause. She said tha
18、t the experience had also given her the chance to get closer to people and their problems. (357 words)6 Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 1997_.（A）to voice her support for a total ban of landmines（B） to clarify the British governments stand on landmines（C） to investigate the sufferings of lan
19、dmine victims there（D）to establish her image as a friend of landmine victims7 What did Diana mean when she said “putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me“ (Lines 56, Para. 1)?（A）She just couldnt bear to meet the landmine victims face to face.（B） The actual situation in Angola m
20、ade her feel like going back home.（C） Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statistics.（D）Seeing the pain of the victims made her realize the seriousness of the situation.8 Some members of the British government criticized Diana because_.（A）she was ill-informed of the governmen
21、ts policy（B） they were actually opposed to banning landmines（C） she had not consulted the government before the visit（D）they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola9 How did Diana respond to the criticisms?（A）She paid no attention to them.（B） She made more appearances on TV.（C）
22、She met the 13-year-old girl as planned.（D）She rose to argue with her opponents.10 What did Princess Diana think of her visit to Angola?（A）It had caused embarrassment to the British government.（B） It had brought her closer to the ordinary people.（C） It had greatly promoted her popularity.（D）It had a
23、ffected her relations with the British government.10 In 1985 when a Japan Air Lines (JAL) jet crashed, its president, Yasumoto Takagi, called each victims family to apologize, and then promptly resigned. And in 1987, when a subsidiary of Toshiba sold sensitive military technology to the former Sovie
24、t Union, the chairman of Toshiba gave up his post.These executive actions, which Toshiba calls “the highest form of apology“, may seem bizarre to US managers. No one at Boeing resigned after the JAL crash, which may have been caused by a faulty Boeing repair.The difference between the two business c
25、ultures centers around different definitions of delegation. While US executives give both responsibility and authority to their employees, Japanese executives delegate only authoritythe responsibility is still theirs. Although the subsidiary that sold the sensitive technology to the Soviets had its
26、own management, the Toshiba top executives said they “must take personal responsibility for not creating an atmosphere throughout the Toshiba group that would make such activity unthinkable, even in an independently run subsidiary. “Such acceptance of community responsibility is not unique to busine
27、sses in Japan. School principals in Japan have resigned when their students committed major crimes after school hours. Even if they do not quit, Japanese executives will often accept primary responsibility in other ways, such as taking the first pay cut when a company gets into financial trouble. Su
28、ch personal sacrifices, even if they are largely symbolic, help to create the sense of community and employee loyalty that is crucial to the Japanese way of doing business.Harvard Business School professor George Lodge calls the ritual acceptance of blame “almost a feudal (封建的) way of purging ( 清除)
29、the community of dishonor“, and to some in the United States, such resignations look cowardly. However, in an era in which both business and governmental leaders seem particularly good at evading responsibility, many US managers would probably welcome an infusion (灌输) of the Japanese sense of respon
30、sibility. If, for instance, US automobile company executives offered to reduce their own salaries before they asked their workers to take pay cuts, negotiations would probably take on a very different character. (359 words)11 Why did the chairman of Toshiba resign his position in 1987?（A）Because in
31、Japan, the leakage of a state secret to Russians is a grave crime.（B） Because he had been under attack for shifting responsibility to his subordinates.（C） Because in Japan, the chief executive of a corporation is held responsible for the mistake made by its subsidiaries.（D）Because he had been accuse
32、d of being coward towards crises that were taking place in his corporation.12 According to the passage if you want to be a good manager in Japan, you have to（A）apologize promptly for your subordinates mistakes（B） be skillful in accepting blames from customers（C） make symbolic sacrifices whenever nec
33、essary（D）create a strong sense of company loyalty13 Whats Professor George Lodges attitude towards the resignations of Japanese corporate leaders?（A）Sympathetic.（B） Biased.（C） Critical.（D）Approving.14 Which of the following statements is TRUE?（A）Boeing had nothing to do with the JAL air crash in 198
34、5.（B） American executives consider authority and responsibility inseparable.（C） School principals bear legal responsibility for students crimes.（D）Persuading employees to take pay cuts doesnt help solve corporate crises.15 The passage is mainly about_.（A）resignation as an effective way of dealing wi
35、th business crises（B） the importance of delegating responsibility to employees（C） ways of evading responsibility in times of crises（D）the difference between two business cultures15 If you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized training. A recent survey shows that c
36、ompanies like graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training.Thats especially true of booming fields that are challenging for workers. At Cornells School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelors degree graduates get an
37、average of four or five job offers with salaries ranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience.But in the long run, too much specialization doesnt pay off. Busine
38、ss, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years.As further evidence of the erosion (销蚀) of corporate (公司的) faith in specialized de
39、grees, Michigan States Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices, although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management. “They want someone who isnt constrained (限制) by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture,
40、“ says Scheetz.This sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate. Time and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and ad
41、aptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems. David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree, “I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things,“ says Birch. Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict
42、program that includes literature, history, mathematics, economics, science, human behaviorplus a computer course or two. With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize. “A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketpla
43、ce,“ says Scheetz. (365 words)16 What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?（A）Students with a bachelors degree in humanities.（B） People with an MBA degree from top universities.（C） People with formal schooling plus work experience.（D）People with special training in engineering.17 By
44、saying “ but the impact of a degree washes out after five years“ (Lines 34, Para. 3), the author means_.（A）most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundation（B） an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positions（C） MBA programs will not be as popular in five years time as
45、they are now（D）in five years people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got18 According to Scheetzs statement (Lines 45, Para. 4), companies prefer_.（A）people who have a strategic mind（B） people who are talented in fine arts（C） people who are ambitious and aggressive（D）people who hav
46、e received training in mechanics19 David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because_.（A）they are more capable of handling changing situations（B） they can stick to established ways of solving problems（C） they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fields（D）they have atten
47、ded special programs in management20 Which of the following statements does the author support?（A）Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.（B） Formal schooling is less important than job training.（C） On-the-job training is, in the long run, less costly.（D）Generalists will outdo specia
48、lists in management.在职艺术硕士（MFA ）全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷 36 答案与解析一、英文阅读理解题1 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于简单推理题。本题题干中的“before taking a job”将本题的答案信息圈定在第一段第一句。第一句的含义是：一旦你开始工作，公司机构的约束会影响工资的向上浮动，因此，人们最好在开始工作之前与公司机构协商好工资要求。故选项 D 是正确答案。选项 C 是最大的干扰项，其含义是：人们应该尽可能多要工资，这与原文第一句不符，同时也不符合常理。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解2 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题属于细节理解题。题干
49、中的“Beths story”将本题答案信息圈定在第一段结尾处。第一段尾句是“Consider Beths story”，含义等于“Take Beths story for example”。考生都知道如果遇到“example”一词，一般只要读其前面一句就可以得出答案，而无需读后面的内容。在本题中，我们只需读第一段倒数第二句，而无需读第二段。第一段倒数第二句的含义是：谁要求的多，谁得到的就多(会哭的孩子有奶吃)，这一点不仅体现在工资提升方面，还体现在其他方面。故选项 B是正确答案。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解3 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题属于推断题。第三段的含义是：如果我们都能够按能力自然而然地取得相应的工资增长就好了(nice) ，但是“nice”( 这种好的理想状态) 并不是大多数公司组织的特点。如果你认为你应该提升工资，你就应该提出相应的要求。从第三段所表述的含义中可以推断出大多数公司组织不能做到按员工的能力给员工自动晋升工资，其结果是：会哭的孩子有奶吃。故选项 A 是正确选项。选项 B 中的“most people”在原文中没有提到。选项 C 的内容在原文中也未涉及。而选项
