1、在职艺术硕士（MFA ）全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷 4 及答案与解析一、英文阅读理解题0 When a rare disease ALD threatened to kill the four-year-old boy Lorenzo, his parents refused to give up hope. Doctors explained that there was no cure for ALD, and that he would probably die within three years. But Lorenzos parents set out to prove the
2、doctors wrong.The parents devoted themselves to keeping their son alive and searching for a cure. But doctors and the families of other ALD patients often refused to take them seriously. They thought the efforts to find a cure were a waste of time, and drug companies werent interested in supporting
3、research into such a rare disease.However, the parents still refused to give up and spent every available hour in medical libraries and talking to anyone who would help. Through trial and error (反复实验)， they finally created a cure from ingredients (调料) commonly found in the kitchen. The cure, named “
4、Lorenzos Oil“, saved the boys life. Despite the good results, scientists and doctors remained unconvinced. They said there was no real evidence that the oil worked and that the treatment was just a theory. As a result, some families with ALD children were reluctant to try it.Finally, the boys father
5、 organized an international study to test the oil. After ten years of trials, the answer is: the oil keeps ALD children healthy. (224 words)1 Doctors said that Lorenzo might die within three years because_.（A）they had never treated the disease before（B） Lorenzo was too young to be cured（C） no cure h
6、ad been found for ALD（D）ALD was a rare disease2 The families of other ALD patients thought that_.（A）the research for the new cure would cost too much money（B） the efforts of Lorenzos parents were a waste of time（C） Lorenzos parents would succeed in finding a cure（D）Lorenzos oil was a real cure for A
7、LD3 Scientists and doctors believed that Lorenzos Oil_.（A）was really effective（B） was a success story（C） only worked in theory（D）would save the boys life4 Lorenzos father organized an international study to_.（A）test Lorenzos Oil（B） get financial support（C） find a cure for the disease（D）introduce the
8、 cure worldwide5 From the passage we can conclude that_.（A）doctors remain doubtful of the effectiveness of the cure（B） many ALD patients still refuse to use the oil（C） various cures have been found for ALD（D）the oil really works as a cure for ALD5 Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed
9、fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.The researcher organized an experimental tournament (锦标赛) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into thr
10、ee periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.Observers noted down the referees errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.The researcher then studied the vi
11、deotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research
12、shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters.There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.If FIFA, footballs international ruling body, wants to impr
13、ove the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.He also says that FIFAs insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keepi
14、ng up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical. (286 words)6 The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to_.（A）review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup（B） analyse the causes of errors made by football referees（C） set a standard for footba
15、ll refereeing（D）reexamine the rules for football refereeing7 The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was_.（A）slightly above average（B） higher than in the 1998 World Cup（C） quite unexpected（D）as high as in a standard match8 The findings of the experiment show that_.（A）errors are m
16、ore likely when a referee keeps close to the ball（B） the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors（C） the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occur（D）errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot9 The word “officials“ (Line 3, Para. 4) most probab
17、ly refers to_.（A）the researchers involved in the experiment（B） the inspectors of the football tournament（C） the referees of the football tournament（D）the observers at the site of the experiment10 What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?（A）The ideal retirement age for an experienced
18、 football referee is 45.（B） Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.（C） A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.（D）An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.10 While still in its early stages, welfare ref
19、orm has already been judged a great success in many statesat least in getting people off welfare. Its estimated that more than two million people have left the rolls since 1994.In the past four years, welfare rolls in Athens County have been cut in half. But 70 percent of the people who left in the
20、past two years took jobs that paid less than $ 6 an hour. The result： The Athens County poverty rate still remains at more than 30 percent twice the national average.For advocates (代言人) for the poor, thats an indication that much more needs to be done.“More people are getting jobs, but its not makin
21、g their lives any better,“ says Kathy Lairn, a policy analyst at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities in Washington.A center analysis of U.S. Census data nationwide found that between 1995 and 1996, a greater percentage of single, female-headed households were earning money on their own, but t
22、hat average income for these households actually went down.But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.“Welfare was a poison. It was a toxin (毒素) that was poisoning the family,“ says Robe
23、rt Rector, a welfare-reform policy analyst. “The reform is changing the moral climate in low-income communities. Its beginning to rebuild the work ethic (工作道德), which is much more important. “Mr. Rector and others argued that once “the habit of dependency is cracked,“ then the country can make other
24、 policy changes aimed at improving living standards. (286 words)11 From the passage, it can be seen that the author_.（A）believes the reform has reduced the governments burden（B） insists that welfare reform is doing little good for the poor（C） is overenthusiastic about the success of welfare reform（D
25、）considers welfare reform to be fundamentally successful12 Why arent people enjoying better lives when they have jobs?（A）Because many families are divorced.（B） Because government aid is now rare.（C） Because their wages are low.（D）Because the cost of living is rising.13 What is worth noting from the
26、example of Athens County is that_.（A）greater efforts should be made to improve peoples living standards（B） 70 percent of the people there have been employed for two years（C） 50 percent of the population no longer relies on welfare（D）the living standards of most people are going down14 From the passa
27、ge we know that welfare reform aims at_.（A）saving welfare funds（B） rebuilding the work ethic（C） providing more jobs（D）cutting government expenses15 According to the passage, before the welfare reform was carried out, _.（A）the poverty rate was lower（B） average living standards were higher（C） the aver
28、age worker was paid higher wages（D）the poor used to rely on government aid15 Americans are pound of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is; the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so
29、 popular in the United States? Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian (百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears u
30、niform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity (身 份) than to step out of uniform?Uniforms also have
31、many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible (可减税的). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality exper
32、ienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.Uniforms also give rise to some prac
33、tical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes. (294 words)16 It is
34、surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality_.（A）still judge a man by his clothes（B） hold the uniform in such high regard（C） enjoy having a professional identity（D）will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform17 People are accustomed to think that a man in unif
35、orm_.（A）suggests quality work（B） discards his social identity（C） appears to be more practical（D）looks superior to a person in civilian clothes18 The chief function of a uniform is to_.（A）provide practical benefits to the wearer（B） make the wearer catch the pubic eye（C） inspire the wearers confidence
36、 in himself（D）provide the wearer with a professional identity19 According to the passage, people wearing uniforms_.（A）are usually helpful（B） have little or no individual freedom（C） tend to lose their individuality（D）enjoy greater popularity20 The best title for this passage would be_.（A）Uniforms and
37、 Society（B） The Importance of Wearing a Uniform（C） Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform（D）Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms在职艺术硕士（MFA ）全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷 4 答案与解析一、英文阅读理解题1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于事实细节题。文章首段第二句“Doctors explained that there was no cure for ALD，and that he would probably die within th
38、ree years”(医生解释说当前还没有治疗 ALD 的药，因此他很可能在三年内死亡。)因此选C。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解2 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题属于事实细节题。文章第二段末句说：“They thought the efforts to find a cure were a waste of time”(他们认为寻找治疗 ALD 的方法只是在浪费时间)，因此选 B。A“新方法的研制将耗资巨大 ”，文章没有提及。C“洛伦佐的父母最终会找到治疗的方法”，并非其他 ALD 患者家属的看法。因为当时 Lorenzos oil 还未被发现，所以说它 “是一种真正能治疗 ALD 的药物”
39、还为时过早，故排除 D。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解3 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 事实细节题。文章第三段倒数第二句说“They said there was no real evidence that the oil worked and that the treatment was just a theory”(他们说没有确凿的证据证明 Lorenzos oil 对这种疾病有疗效，这仅是理论上的治疗方法。)因此选 C。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解4 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题属于事实细节题。文章末段首句说“the boys father organized an internatio
40、nal study to test the oil”(孩子的：疋亲组织了一个科研小组来检测这种药的疗效。)这种药即指 Lorenzos oil，因此选 A。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解5 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于事实细节题。文章末句说“After ten years of trials，the answer is the oil keeps ALD children healthy”(长达 10 年的试验最终证明：这种药物能使 ALD 病患儿童保持健康。)可见这种药物对 ALD 具有治愈效果。A“ 医生们仍旧对该药物的效果持怀疑态度”只是片面观点，不是最终结论；文中第三段末句所说的
41、“reluctant”意为 “不情愿”，并非“拒绝”，因此排除 B；C“ 各种 ALD 的治疗方法均已找到”，文中没有提及。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题属于细节判断题。从第一段第二句可找到答案：“study the performance of some top referees”。文中提到球迷们对 1998 年世界杯球赛裁判人员强烈不满，但这只是派遣研究人员研究裁判正确性的原因，C 、D 在文中未提到。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解7 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于细节判断题。文中第三段谈到模拟比赛中裁判的裁决错误。介绍裁决错误次数后，文章说：“如将比
42、分转换成一场 90 分钟的标准赛时(的裁决)，每一位裁判就会犯下 23 个裁决错误，这是一个很高的数字。”据此，A 、D 不准确，B 未提到， C 为正确答案。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解8 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题属于细节判断题，从文中第四段第二句可得到答案。细读文中第四段我们可清楚认识到 B 表达研究结果不太准确，并非越远作出的裁决越好，应是在约 20 米外，第五段中也谈到了裁判员在比赛中最佳速度并非是越慢越好，而是每秒约两米，因此 C 不对。文中未谈到 D。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解9 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于指示词义辨别题。第四段主要谈裁判在赛中与被裁决处的距离对
43、裁判结果的影响，因此文中的“official”只能是指裁判。因此 C 是正确答案。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解10 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题属于综合推论题。文中最后两段谈到研究员在他研究基础上对足球赛裁决事宜的两点看法。从最后一段我们可判断出 A 是错误的，B 是正确的，C 并未在文中提到，而 D 夸大了文中最后一句话：“their physical condition is less critical”身体状况也不是像原来所认为的那样至关重要，但是身体素质差也不可能做好裁判工作。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解11 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于综合推断题。从文中第一段里我们可看出
44、福利制度改革在很多州至少在让人们摆脱福利的制度方面是一个巨大成功。然后在第六段作者又说贫穷的人在没有政府资助下能够自食其力本身就是个了不起的胜利，最后在第七段作者又谈到福利制度改革对改善人们道德观的影响更是不可小看。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解12 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于细节判断题。文中第二、三、四、五段较集中地谈论改革的一些不尽如人意之处。从第五段我们可知：很多以母亲为主的单亲家庭靠自身维持生活，家庭的平均收入实际上是下降了。由此，我们可以推断 C 是正确的。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解13 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于细节判断题。从 Athens 县的例子我们可以看出
45、，享受福利待遇的人在过去的四年中已减了一半。但近两年才没享受福利待遇的人中，70%的人所挣的工钱一小时不到六美元。结果 Athens 县的贫困率仍高达 30%以上，是全国贫困线的两倍。因此 D“大多数大生活水平下降 ”是正确答案。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解14 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题属于综合推断题。由短文第二层次三个段落的论述(穷人自食其力本身是一大胜利；改革改变低收入阶层的道德观并开始重建工作道德；打破依赖习惯)可知，福利改革的根本目的是帮助穷人自食其力，改掉依赖习惯，重建工作道德。因此 B 应为正确答案。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解15 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于推断
46、题。由福利改革的成功(getting people off welfare) 、改革的结果(more people take jobs)和改革的目的(rebuild work ethic，crack the habit of dependency)，推测改革前的情况是更多的人不工作，被动依赖政府福利资助。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解16 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题属于细节判断题。找到关键词回原文中定位，第一段第一句“yet”转折后面就是答案。“holdin regard”和“respect” 是同义转换。答案是 B。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解17 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题属于综
47、合判断题。答案应在第二段找，“Peopleexpect superior quality”，认为穿制服的人比穿便服的人显得专业些。人们已成条件反射希望从穿制服人那儿得到高质量的服务。因此答案是 A。D 错在混淆了“superior”的目标，不是人，而是“quality”，所以不对。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解18 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于细节辨认题。题干问制服的主要功能是什么。A 是实际的好处，而不是主要功能。B、C 也不对。在第二段最后部分说到对于“nurse，policeman，barber，waiter”来说，脱掉制服无异于失去专业身份。因此选 D。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解19 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于细节辨认题。A、B、D 在不同程度上故意混淆文中一些观点。在文中第四段，我们从反对穿制服的人的观点可看到，他们认为制服使人们失去个性。因此选 C。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解20 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于主旨题。分析全文我们知道，文章的前一部分论述了喜欢制服的人的观点，后一部分论述了反对穿制服的人的观点。由此看来 D 全面概括了文中主要内容，是正确答案。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解
