1、在职艺术硕士（MFA ）全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷 9 及答案与解析一、英文阅读理解题0 “Opinion“ is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, and judgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didnt attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most do attach g
2、reat importance to it. “I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours,“ and “Everyones entitled to his opinion,“ are common expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge anothers opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge anothers opinion
3、? It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a friend “What do you think of the new Ford cars?“ And he may reply, “In my opinion, theyre ugly. “ In this case, it would not only be intolerant to challenge his statement, but foolish. For its obvious that by opi
4、nion he means his personal preference, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, “Its pointless to argue about matters of taste. “But consider this very different use of the term, a newspaper reports that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case. Obviously the justice
5、s did not share their personal preferences, their mere likes and dislikes; they stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation.Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere between these two extremes. It is not an expression of taste. Nor
6、is it careful judgment. Yet it may contain elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at, with or without examining the evidence.Is everyone entitled to his opinion? Of course, this is not only permitted, but guaranteed. We are free to act on our opinions only so long as,
7、 in doing so, we do not harm others. (311 words)1 Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the author?（A）Everyone has a right to hold his own opinion.（B） Free expression of opinions often leads to confusion.（C） Most people tend to be careless in forming their opinions.（D）Casual use of
8、 the word “opinion“ often brings about quarrels.2 According to the author, who of the following would be labeled as intolerant?（A）Someone who turns a deaf ear to others opinions.（B） Someone who cant put up with others tastes.（C） Someone who values only their own opinions.（D）Someone whose opinion har
9、ms other people.3 The new Ford cars are cited as an example to show that_.（A）it is foolish to criticize a famous brand（B） one should not always agree to others opinions（C） personal tastes are not something to be challenged（D）it is unwise to express ones likes and dislikes in public4 Considered judgm
10、ent is different from personal preference in that_.（A）it is stated by judges in the court（B） it reflects public likes and dislikes（C） it is a result of a lot of controversy（D）it is based on careful thought5 As indicated in the passage, being free to act on ones opinion_.（A）means that one can ignore
11、other peoples criticism（B） means that one can impose his preferences on others（C） doesnt mean that one has the right to do things at will（D）doesnt mean that one has the right to charge others without evidence5 A recent study, published in last weeks Journal of the American Medical Association, offer
12、s a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. Indeed, a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers is three times as likely to have a fatal accident as a teenager driving alone. By contrast, the risk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with each additional pa
13、ssenger.The authors also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10 p.m., and especially after midnight, with passengers in the car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accidentRobert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway
14、 Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with “really stupid behavior“ than with just a lack of driving experience. “The basic issue,“ He says, “is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task dr
15、iving is. “Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate (使缓解) the problem is to have states institute so-called graduated licensing systems, in which getting a license is a multistage process. A graduated license requires that a teenager first prove himself capable of driving
16、 in the presence of an adult, followed by a period of driving with night of passenger restrictions, before graduating to full driving privileges.Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes, according to recent studies. About half of the states now have some sort of graduated lice
17、nsing system in place, but only 10 of those states have restrictions on passengers. California is the strictest, with a novice (新手) driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20 (with-out the presence of an adult over 25) for the first six months. (311 words)6 Which of the following situati
18、ons is most dangerous according to the passage?（A）Adults giving a lift to teenagers on the highway after 10 p. m.（B） A teenager driving after midnight with passengers in the car.（C） Adults driving with three or more teenage passengers late at night.（D）A teenager getting a lift from a stranger on the
19、 highway at midnight.7 According to Robert Foss, the high death rate of teenage drivers is mainly due to（A）their frequent driving at night（B） their improper way of driving（C） their lack of driving experience（D）their driving with passengers8 According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements
20、 is TRUE?（A）Teenagers should spend more time learning to drive.（B） Driving is a skill too complicated for teenagers to learn.（C） Restrictions should be imposed on teenagers applying to take driving lessons.（D）The licensing authorities are partly responsible for teenagers driving accidents.9 A sugges
21、ted measure to be taken to reduce teenagers driving accidents is that（A）driving in the presence of an adult should be made a rule（B） they should be prohibited from taking on passengers（C） they should not be allowed to drive after 10 p.m.（D）the licensing system should be improved10 The present situat
22、ion in about half of the states is that the graduated licensing system_.（A）is under discussion（B） is about to be set up（C） has been put into effect（D）has been perfected10 Henry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said, “The business of America is business. “ By this he meant th
23、at the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world.Few would argue with Fords statement. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and
24、projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the policies of the Federal R
25、eserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as “the entertainment industry“ or “show business“.The positive side of Henry Fords statement can be seen in the prosperity th
26、at business has brought to U.S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job. Jobs are produced in abundance (大量地) because the U.S. economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this syst
27、em creates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better way of life.The negative side of Henry Fords statement, however, can be seen when the word business is taken to mean big business. And the term big businessreferring to the biggest companies, is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U.S. h
28、istory working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the right to form unions. Today, many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizingthe laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits highcrea
29、tes feelings of insecurity for many. (337 words)11 The United States is a typical country_.（A）which encourages free trade at home and abroad（B） where peoples chief concern is how to make money（C） where all businesses are managed scientifically（D）which normally works according to the federal budget12
30、 The influence of business in the U.S. is evidenced by the fact that_.（A）most newspapers are run by big businesses（B） even public organizations concentrate on working for profits（C） Americans of all professions know how to do business（D）even arts and entertainment are regarded as business13 Accordin
31、g to the passage, immigrants choose to settle in the U. S. , dreaming that（A）they can start profitable businesses there（B） they can be more competitive in business（C） they will make a fortune overnight there（D）they will find better chances of employment14 Henry Fords statements can be taken negative
32、ly because_.（A）working people are discouraged to fight for their rights（B） there are many industries controlled by a few big capitalists（C） there is a conflicting relationship between big corporations and labor（D）public services are not run by the federal government15 A companys efforts to keep expe
33、nses low and profits high may result in_.（A）reduction in the number of employees（B） improvement of working conditions（C） fewer disputes between labor and management（D）a rise in workers wages15 When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to Grandmas gen
34、eration. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday-best.But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware (粗陶) -and-stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look. For hosts and guests, t
35、he change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times.Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobsone-fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4,000 the number o
36、f positions lost in 18 months in the pottery (陶瓷) region. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier.Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted
37、 that the company “has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend“ toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television.Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone casual. In
38、 a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that its better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a “real“ dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth
39、? Forget it. Polish the silver? Who has time?Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points of etiquette (礼节) that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents (“Chew with your mouth closed. “ “Keep your elbows off the table.
40、 “) must be picked up elsewhere. Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be competent professionally but clueless socially. (347 words)16 The trend toward casual dining has resulted in_.（A）bankruptcy of fine china manufacturers（B） shrinking of the pottery industry（C） restru
41、cturing of large enterprises（D）economic recession in Great Britain17 Which of the following may be the best reason for casual dining?（A）Family members need more time to relax.（B） Busy schedules leave people no time for formality.（C） People want to practice economy in times of scarcity.（D）Young peopl
42、e wont follow the etiquette of the older generation.18 It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is_.（A）a retailer of stainless steel tableware（B） a dealer in stoneware（C） a pottery chain store（D）a producer of fine china19 The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is_.（A）the
43、increased value of the pound（B） the economic recession in Asia（C） the change in peoples way of life（D）the fierce competition at home and abroad20 Refined table manners, though less popular than before in current social life,（A）are still a must on certain occasions（B） are bound to return sooner or la
44、ter（C） are still being taught by parents at home（D）can help improve personal relationships在职艺术硕士（MFA ）全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷 9 答案与解析一、英文阅读理解题1 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题属于判断题。最后一段说到，每人都有权发表自己的看法，这不仅被允许，而且被保证，对应选项为 A。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解2 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题属于细节题。从第二段的举例说明可以看出，有时反驳别人的意见非但不可忍受，而且愚蠢，对应选项为 B。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解3 【正确答案
45、】 C【试题解析】 本题属于细节题。本题与上题一脉相承，第二段后半段谈到有时反驳别人的意见是愚蠢的，因为别人仅仅是在表达纯粹的个人喜好，是品味问题，所以不值得反驳。对应选项为 C。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解4 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于细节题。第三段应用最高法庭的事例说明，判决与个人喜好不同，原因在于其来自于调查研究之后得出的判断。对应选项为 D。A“ 它是法庭上做出的宣判”、B“它反映公众的好恶”和 c“它是争议的结果 ”均不符合文意。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解5 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于细节推断题。根据最后一段可知，一个人可以按自己的看法行事，条件是不要伤害别人。
46、对应选项为 C。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题属于推断题。关于驾车危险性问题，在文章开头举的几个例子中有充分的说明。第一个例子说一个 16 岁的司机搭载 3、4 名乘客时，其发生致命事故的可能性是他单独驾车时的 3 倍，第二个例子说青少年在晚上 10 点以后驾车的死亡率大幅上升；车内同时又有乘客的话，则发生致死事故的可能性会更高。把这道题的几个选项和上面的例子进行对比就可以找到正确答案。本文谈论的是未成年驾车者的问题，因此 A 和 C 被否定，从第一段和第二段内容综合来看，其事故原因有二：一是驾车时有搭载乘客，二是午夜后容易出事故，因此 B 为最佳选项。【知识
47、模块】 英文阅读理解7 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于细节理解题。文章提到 Robert Foss 是在第三段，“Robert Foss，a scientist at the University”，那么答案也只能在第三段寻找。正确理解这句话的意思：“the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with really stupid behavior than with just a lack of driving experience”(高死亡率与缺少驾驶经验缺失的关系比“做傻事”更大)。由此可见 C“缺少驾驶经
48、验”是正确的。 【知识模块】 英文阅读理解8 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于细节题。从第三段后半部分可知，Robert Foss 说：“基本问题是，负责发放驾驶执照的人没有认识到驾车是一项复杂和需要技术的任务。”对应选项为 D。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解9 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于事实细节题。从第四段可知，研究者设立了一种新的具有约束性的执照发放体系，即经过重重考验之后，未成年人才可获得驾车的所有权利。对应选项应为 D。对于 A、B、C 所说的几条建议，在最后两段介绍的建议中都只字未提，所以不应选择。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解10 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于细
49、节理解题。第五段第一句“Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes”的意思很明了，分步发放系统已经减少青少年驾车事故，这说明这一系统已经起到了效果，与 C 的说法一致。后面的一句话是个长句，大体意思是说一半的州虽然实施了分步发放系统，但在乘客限制上不是很严格，只有加利福尼亚较为严格。这说明这一系统还需要进行完善，D 就不对了。文章没有提到这一系统是否正处在讨论中，从已经实施这一情况来看，应该是讨论过并得到确立了。这样 A 和 B 的说法就都是错误的。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解11 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题属于推理题。无论从 Henry Ford 的话，还是从第二段整段对这一论断的例证都可看出美国就是一个人人都想着如何赚钱的地方。选项 A 不是本文的侧重点；选项 C 没有根据，而且此论断过于绝对，一看就应排除；选项 D用常理即可推知是错误的。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解12 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于细节理解题。文章第二段最后说：“Moreover，business news appea
