1、考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷 4 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 During the past two decades astonishing progress has been made in fighting infectious diseases in poor countries. Polio has almost been eradicated; malar
2、ia is being tamed; AIDS is slowly being brought under control. Yet almost unnoticed, another epidemic is raging across the developing world, this one man-made.Road crashes now kill 1.3 m people a year, more than malaria or tuberculosis. On present trends, by 2030 they will take a greater toll than t
3、he two together, and greater even than AIDS. The vast majority of victims die in poor and middle-income countries1. 2m in 2011, compared with 99, 000 in rich ones. For every 100,000 cars in the rich world, fewer than 15 people die each year. In Ethiopia the figure is 250 times higher.It is tempting
4、to see the kill as the price of development. Building roads is a highly effective way of boosting growth: the World Bank finds many projects to fund that do better than its minimum acceptable economic rate of return of 12%. In the rich world road deaths and growth went hand-in-hand for decades; the
5、first death-by-car was in 1896 and the peak came in the 1970s.However, since then, restraints on drivers and investment in safety have slashed road deaths in the rich world by more than half. New Yorks roads are now at their safest since records began in 1910. Sweden is still some way from its state
6、d goal of ending road deaths altogether, but in 2013 just one Swedish child under seven died in a crash. Technology such as alcolocks, which prevent drunk-driving, and self-driving cars will make roads in the rich world safer still.Governments in poor countries tend to assume that they, too, must se
7、e deaths soar before they are rich enough to think about saving lives. Aid donors and development banks may conclude that a dangerous road is better than no road at all. But the experience of rich countries has shown that roads can be made safer cheaply and simply. And far from being an unaffordable
8、 luxury, safe roads make better economic sense than dangerous ones. Most crash victims are boys and working-age men. Their death or disability leaves families in poverty and deprives countries of their most economically valuable citizens. In medical bills, care, lost output and vehicle damage, the k
9、ill costs desperately poor countries as much as 10% of GDP.1 The underlined word “epidemic“(Para 1, Line 3)may be closest to_.（A）polio（B） malaria（C） disease（D）death2 According to Paragraph 2, which one is true?（A）Car accidents cause more death in poor countries.（B） Car crashes mainly happen in devel
10、oped countries.（C） Road crashes kill more people than any disease in the world.（D）The victims of car crashes mostly come from middle-class families.3 All the following can reduce road deaths EXCEPT_.（A）new technology（B） investment in safety（C） restrictions on drivers（D）building of new roads4 We can
11、conclude from the last paragraph that_.（A）most victims of car accidents are adolescents（B） building roads is unaffordable in poor countries（C） road crashes cost most countries much of their GDP（D）if roads are safer in poor countries, economy may be better5 The best title for the text may be_.（A）Road
12、 Crashes; Hard to Prevent（B） Road: Bringing Growth or Death（C） The Unnoticed Infectious Disease（D）The Most Serious Problem in Poor Countries5 With its sandy beaches, picturesque ruins and blue waters, the Isle of Wight is an idyllic spot off Englands southern coast. Wealthy Londoners sail their boat
13、s there. It seems odd that such a place should contain some of the worst-performing schools in England. But it does; and in this, the Isle of Wight is not quite as strange as it seems.Provisional figures show that in 2013 just 49% of 16-year-olds on the island got at least five C grades, including i
14、n English and maths, in GCSE exams. That is fewer than in any of Londons 32 boroughs, or indeed anywhere in the southern half of England apart from nearby Portsmouth. In the previous year the Isle of Wight was second to bottom in the whole country. Just 23% of pupils entitled to free school meals go
15、t five decent grades, compared with a national average of 36%. In September the islands schools were deemed so bad that Hampshire County Council took them over.Part of the explanation is distinctively local. Luring good teachers to an out-of-the-way spot is hard. In 2011 the island endured a muddled
16、 transition from the sort of three-tier school system common in America, with primary, middle and secondary schools, to the two-tier one that is standard in England. But its results were bad even before that change.The Isle of Wights real problems are structural. It suffers from three things that mi
17、ght appear to be advantages but are actually the opposite. The island lacks a large city; it has some, but not many, poor children; and it is almost entirely white.But these days pupils, including poor ones, often fare better in inner cities than elsewhere. In Tower Hamlets, an east London borough t
18、hat is the third most deprived place in England, children entitled to free school meals do better in GCSE exams than do all children in the country as a whole. Bangladeshis, who are concentrated in that borough, used to perform considerably worse than whites nationally; now they do better.6 The beac
19、hes, ruins and waters are mentioned to_.（A）reveal rich Londoners life（B） present typical English lifestyle（C） introduce the topic of bad schools（D）show a tourist attraction in England7 According to Paragraph 2, which one is true about the Isle of Wight?（A）Less than a quarter of its students enjoy fr
20、ee school meals.（B） Rank of students performance on the island is at the bottom.（C） Half of its students do well in English, maths and GCSE exams.（D）There are fewer students getting at least five C grades in other areas.8 We know from the third paragraph that_.（A）good teachers are unwilling to teach
21、 in remote areas（B） reform of school system on the island seems effective（C） American school system is definitely superior to that of England（D）there is barely difference between American and English school systems9 The real problems of the Isle of Wight include all EXCEPT_.（A）shortage of metropolis
22、（B） existence of needy pupils（C） uniformity of skin colour（D）lack of experienced teachers10 What can be learned from the last paragraph?（A）Bangladeshis perform worse and make no progress at all.（B） Students in inner cities do better than other places presently.（C） Currently, poor students often do b
23、etter in school performance.（D）Tower Hamlets is an area which is full of educational resources.10 Every two weeks a language disappears. By 2100 nearly half of the 6,000 spoken today may be gone. Migration, either between countries or from the countryside to cities, is one reason: though new arrival
24、s generally stick with their mother tongue, at least at home, their children rarely do. The dominance of English is another. But one tongue against the trend is Romani, spoken by 4m of the roughly 11m Roma people worldwide. Its health attests to the importance of language in shaping identity.Unlike
25、most languages, Romani has no country to call home. Its roots lie in India, but since the 10th century its speakers have scattered and kept moving. One result is that they are everywhere a linguistic minority. Another is that 150 different dialects are in use. “Anglo-Romani“ , spoken in Britain, dif
26、fers widely from dialects in France, Bulgaria and Latvia. One Roma man in New Zealand speaks a dialect previously only heard in Wales.The 290,000 native Swedish speakers in Finland show no signs of dropping their languagebut it is their countrys second official one, compulsory in all schools and spo
27、ken by 9.5m Swedes next door. Irish hangs on partly because of government spending on translating road signs and documents, broadcasting, teaching and extra marks for brave students who use the tongue in their final school exams.But without a government to champion it, Romani is used mostly in the h
28、ome. Academics and linguists have written it down and tried to standardise it, but many of those who speak it do not read it. America printed a Romani guide to its 2000 census form, but that is a rarity; it almost never features in official documents.The lack of texts complicates attempts to teach i
29、t formally. Roma Kulturklass, a Swedish Roma-ni-language school, is one of a handful in the world. Its 35 pupils study everything except Swedish and English in both Romani and Swedish. But with few textbooks, says Angelina Dimiter Taikon, the head teacher, staff must make do with their own translati
30、ons.11 We learn from the first paragraph that_.（A）migration makes languages thriving（B） there will be 6000 languages by 2100（C） Romani may disappear in the near future（D）children seldom speak mother tongue at home12 Which one is true about Romani?（A）Its speakers spread all over the world.（B） It is s
31、poken by a large group of people.（C） It has 150 dialects, most of which have died down.（D）It is widely spoken in Britain and some other countries.13 Romani is usually used at home because_.（A）people do not use dialects in public（B） it needs support from the government（C） it never appears in official
32、 documents（D）people can only speak it but not read it14 Romani is hard to teach because_.（A）few people have mastered it（B） few people are willing to learn it（C） the written language is insufficient（D）the language is extremely complicated15 The best title for the text may be_.（A）Romani: Struggling to
33、 Survive（B） The History and Future of Romani（C） Romani: A Language Dying Down（D）Disappearance of Minority Languages15 Cigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficient importance in the United States to warrant appropriate remedial action. It was 50 years ago this month that Americas surgeon-genera
34、l sounded that warning, marking the beginning of the end of cigarette manufacturingand of smoking itself as a respectable activity. Some 20m Americans have died from the habit since then. But advertising restrictions, smoking bans and stigma have had their effect: the proportion of American adults w
35、ho smoke has dropped from 43% to 18% ; smoking rates among teenagers are at a record low. In many other countries the trends are similar.The current surgeon-general, Boris Lushniak, marked the half-century with a report on January 17th, declaring smoking even deadlier than previously thought. He add
36、ed diabetes, colorectal cancer and other ailments to the list of ills it causes, and promised “end-game strategies“ to stamp out cigarettes altogether.Were that to happen Americas three big tobacco firms, Altria, Reynolds and Lorillard, could be snuffed out, too. Public health officials plot the sam
37、e fate for multinationals that supply other markets. The hit list includes Philip Morris International(PMI), which along with Altria makes Marlboro, the top-selling global brand; Japan Tobacco; and British American Tobacco and Imperial Tobacco of Britain.They are a hardy group, unlikely to be fright
38、ened. But the methods they have used to withstand a half-century of battering by regulators may be losing power. In the rich world, where the economy is stagnant, smokers are trading down to cheaper puffs. The regulatory climate in developing countries is becoming more hostile. New technologies such
39、 as e-cigarettes promise to deliver nicotine less riskily. Big tobacco firms may master them, but it would be a radical shift, similar to converting the car industry from internal-combustion engines to battery power. David Adelman of Morgan Stanley, an investment bank, does not “ see anything thats
40、reversing the conventional tobacco business model. “ But the model needs adjustment.Some reasons for Mr Adelmans confidence are sound. Advertising bans and the industrys status prevent would-be competitors. When cigarette-makers raise prices, smokers cough up. Global consumption keeps rising, thanks
41、 largely to population growth in poorer countries. The cigarette giants indulge investors with big dividends atnd share buy-backs; they have flocked to tobacco share.16 According to Paragraph 1, which one is NOT true?（A）Smoking restrictions are effective in America.（B） Cigarette smoking causes many
42、deaths in America.（C） An increasing number of people are smoking outside America.（D）Smoking rates among grown-ups and adolescents have dropped.17 Boris claimed that smoking_.（A）has led to many fatal diseases（B） will be completely prohibited soon（C） usually results in diabetes and other ills（D）may be
43、 ended in the following half-century18 The underlined phrase “snuffed out“(Para 3, Line 2)means_.（A）called out（B） wiped out（C） found out（D）fallen out19 New technologies like e-cigarettes_.（A）will produce no harmful chemicals（B） will be widely accepted in the near future（C） may be much more expensive
44、 than cigarettes（D）may not easily substitute conventional tobacco20 When the price of cigarette goes up, smokers may_.（A）have a cough（B） stop buying it（C） be reluctant to buy it（D）quit smoking at once考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷 4 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below eac
45、h text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 文章中的 another epidemic 表示“另一种”，既然提到“另一种”，上文必然还提到类似的信息，由此我们可以推断上文的 polio，malaria，AIDS 都可以等同于 epidemic，而选项 A和B我们都可以选，因此可以确定这些词还不能完全与 epidemic 相等。我们再往前可以看到这么一句:fighting infectious diseases in poor countries，而 polio，malaria，AIDS 就是上文提到
46、的 infectious diseases 的具体例子，故可以推断出 epidemic=infectious disease，即选项C是最佳的答案。【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 选项A 对应第二段第二行： The vast majority of victims die in poor and middle-income countries由此可见该项的表述是正确的。其中 road crashes=car accidents；vast majorityof victims die=cause more death 。故该项为答案。通过这个句子我们同时可以确定选项B“Car
47、 crashes mainly happen in developed countries车祸主要发生在发达国家”的表述是错误的。选项C对应前两句：Road crashes now kill 13m people a year，more than malaria or tuberculosisOn present trends，by 2030 they will take a greater toll than the two together，and greater eventhan AIDS文章仅仅提到“road crashes 车祸”造成的伤亡超过“malaria 疟疾 ”和“tuber
48、culosis 肺结核 ”，文章还指出：按照目前的趋势，到 2030 年甚至超过“AIDS 艾滋病”，可见C项表述是不正确的。其中 any disease太过于绝对。选项D 中的 “middle-class families 中产阶级家庭”原文没有提到，而是提到了“middle-income countries 中等收入国家” ，故该项也是错误的。综上所述，本题答案为选项A 。【知识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 根据 road deaths 定位到第四段。该段首句指出：However，since then，restraints ondrivers and investment
49、in safety have slashed road deaths in the rich world by more than half其中，slashed road deaths=reduce road deaths。由此可见 restraints on drivers，investment in safety 为其中两个答案，即选项B和C都是减少 road deaths 的因素。根据该段最后一句：Technologysuch as alcolocks，which prevent drunkdriving，and self-driving cars will make roads in the richworld safer still由此得知 technology 也是一个要素，即A 选项也是因素之一，所以四个选项中原文未提及的是选项D，该项为答案。【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 选项A 意为：车祸的大多数受害者都是青少年。原文最后一段倒数第三句指出：Most crash
