1、考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷 5 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Next to snakes and crocs, Australians imagine sharks to be the countrys most dangerous creature. Tim Winton, an author, calls sharks “substitute for the
2、Devil“. Seven swimmers in three years have died from shark attacks in Mr Wintons home state of Western Australia. The states government, led by Colin Barnett, is now taking revenge.In late November a skilled surfer died from a shark attack. A week later a shark killed a 19-year-old in New South Wale
3、s. The tragedies fed public anxieties. Mr Barnett ordered no-go zones for sharks to be set up offshore, marked by lines of baited hooks. Any shark caught on them more than three metres long was to be shot. The first shark caught in this strategy was shot on January 26th. Mr Barnett says he has to “p
4、rotect the people of Western Australia“.But previously hostile popular attitudes towards sharks are shifting. Plenty of Western Australians, along with environmentalists and shark experts, deplore the new policy. In early January, at the height of the summer holiday season, more than 4,000 protester
5、s swamped Cottesloe Beach in Perth, with signs reading “Save Our Sharks“and “Science Not Slaughter“.Of Australias 180 or so shark species, only a few are dangerous to humans: chiefly, bull sharks, tiger sharks and great whites, which are protected under federal law. Their numbers have suffered from
6、the trade in shark fins for soup in Asia, which Australia and others have banned. Nonetheless, the federal government has given its conservative counterpart in Western Australia an exemption from protecting great whites under its “catch-and-kill“ policy.Despite the recent attacks, deaths from sharks
7、 are rarean average of just one person a year for the past half-century around Australias vast coastline, says the Australian Shark Attack File, a research outfit at Taronga Zoo in Sydney. By contrast, an average of 120 people drown each year off beaches and in harbours and rivers. There has been no
8、 fatal shark attack at Bondi beach in Sydney, Australias most popular strand, since 1929.1 Tim Winton calls sharks “substitute for the Devil“ because_.（A）they are as ugly as Devil（B） they have killed many victims（C） they are the most dangerous creature（D）they are more dangerous than snakes and crocs
9、2 Mr Barnetts policy includes_.（A）shooting any shark caught on no-go zones（B） setting up restricted areas offshore for swimmers（C） protecting his people from being killed by sharks（D）ensuring safety of both human beings and animals3 Many Australians attitude towards the new policy is_.（A）doubtful（B）
10、 supportive（C） ambiguous（D）opponent4 According to Paragraph 4, which one is true?（A）Great whites are protected in Western Australia.（B） Shark fin is a delicate course in both Asia and Australia.（C） Some dangerous shark species are protected by federal law.（D）The number of sharks in Australia is grow
11、ing in the past few years.5 We can infer from the last paragraph that_.（A）more people die from drowning every year than from sharks（B） there has not been any shark attack at Bondi beach since 1929（C） attacks from sharks are rare in the past five decades in Australia（D）incidents of shark attack often
12、 happen at the most popular beach5 When a search engine guesses what you want before you finish typing it, or helpfully ignores your bad spelling, that is the result of machine learning, a branch of artificial intelligence. Although AI has been through cycles of hype and disappointment before, big t
13、echnology companies have recently been scrambling to hire experts in the field, in the hope of building machines that can learn even more sophisticated tasks.IBM said this month it would invest $ 1 billion in a new division to develop uses for Watson, its computer that understands human language. Bu
14、t this week Google enhanced its lead in this field by paying around $ 660 m for DeepMind Technologies, a startup in London that has yet to announce a product. The boss of DeepMind, Demis Hassabis, previously created video games such as “ Evil Genius“ and “Theme Park“.DeepMinds 75 geniuses will join
15、the worlds leading group of machine-learning experts, which Google has been assembling in the past few years. Googles main source of income, its search engine and the accompanying ad-placement system, is driven by machine learning. The firms self-driving cars rely on it, as do the intelligent thermo
16、stats made by Nest, a firm it has just taken over, and the robots made by Boston Dynamics and other robotics outfits it has been buying.The technology is already the backbone of many other internet firms. It is why Facebook and Linkedln have that slightly creepy ability to find people you know, and
17、why Amazon and Netflix are good at suggesting books and films you might like. It also helps intelligence agencies to identify terrorist networks.As machine learning leaves the lab and goes into practice, it will threaten white-collar, knowledge-worker jobs just as machines, automation and assembly l
18、ines destroyed factory jobs in the 19th and 20th centuries. For example, the technique has been applied by researchers at Stanford University to tell whether a biopsy of breast cells is highly cancerous, something that until now has required a human expert to assess.Another of DeepMinds founders, Sh
19、ane Legg, has predicted that artificial intelligence running wildly will be the biggest existential risk to humans in this century. Its founders have asked Google to set up an “ethics board“ to consider the appropriate use of machine learning in its products. The creator of “Evil Genius“ is ensuring
20、 that his new overlord sticks to its motto, “Dont be evil“.6 The underlined word “hype“(Para 1, Line 3)may be closest to_.（A）confusion（B） surprise（C） excitement（D）despair7 DeepMind Technologies is_.（A）a giant like Google and IBM（B） a new company that develops video games（C） a leading technological c
21、ompany in America（D）a newly started firm that cooperates with Google8 Google has done the following EXCEPT_.（A）gathering talents on machine-learning（B） earning money from its search engine（C） purchasing large number of automatic devices（D）taking over firms like Nest and Boston Dynamics9 Technology c
22、ontributes to all EXCEPT_.（A）stealing into ones personal data（B） discovering peoples acquaintance（C） recommending good books and movies（D）confirming hacker attack for spy agencies10 Machine learning may be a threat to workers because_.（A）it will destroy all human jobs（B） it may lead to unemployment（
23、C） it can do better than workers and human experts（D）it can tell whether a biopsy of cells is cancerous10 If the worlds education systems have a common focus, it is to turn out school-leavers who are proficient in maths. Governments are impressed by evidence from the World Bank and others that bette
24、r maths results raises GDP and incomes. That, together with the soul-searching provoked by the cross-country PISA comparisons of 15-year-olds mathematical attainment produced by the OECD, a club of mostly rich countries, is prompting educators in many places to look afresh at what maths to teach, an
25、d how to teach it.Those countries fret about how to catch up without turning students off the subject with boring drill. Top performers, most of them Asian, fear that their focus on technical proficiency does not translate into an enthusiasm for maths after leaving school. And everyone worries about
26、 how to prepare pupils for a jobs market that will reward creative thinking ever more highly.Maths education has been a battlefield before: the American “maths wars“ of the 1980s pitted traditionalists, who emphasized fluency in pen-and-paper calculations, against reformers led by the countrys bigge
27、st teaching lobby, who put real-world problem-solving, often with the help of calculators, at the centre of the curriculum. A backlash followed as parents and academics worried that the “new maths“ left pupils ill-prepared for university courses in maths and the sciences. But as many countries have
28、since found, training pupils to pass exams is not the same as equipping them to use their hard-won knowledge in work and life.Todays reformers think new technology renders this old argument redundant. They include Conrad Wolfram, who worked on Mathematica, a program which allows users to solve equat
29、ions, visualize mathematical functions and much more. He argues that computers make rote procedures, such as long division, obsolete. “If it is high-level problem-solving and critical thinking were after, theres not much in evidence in a lot of curriculums,“ he says.11 We can infer from the first pa
30、ragraph that_.（A）a mans salary may be higher if he is good at maths（B） maths is the most important subject in many countries（C） high scores at school equal to great achievement at work（D）teachers in rich countries know exactly how to teach maths12 According to Paragraph 2,which one is true?（A）Rich c
31、ountries often do better in maths.（B） Asian students are tired of boring exercises.（C） Creative thinking is crucial for a students future job.（D）Top performers craze for maths doesnt wane after leaving school.13 Many countries have found that_.（A）teaching students to pass exams is much easier（B） the
32、re is great differences between test and practical use（C） knowledge learned at school is rarely used in work and life（D）most pupils are ill-prepared for university courses in maths14 Reformers think new technology is_.（A）redundant（B） ambivalent（C） excessive（D）contributive15 The best title for the te
33、xt may be_.（A）Maths Teaching: Time to Reform（B） Technology: Crucial in Teaching（C） Maths Teaching: A Headache in Education（D）Critical Thinking; Important in Education15 Walmart is at an “inflection point“. Those words are truer now than when Bill Simon, the head of its American operation, uttered th
34、em last October. He was talking about Walmarts plan for the first time to open more small and medium-sized stores in 2014 than giant “supercentres“ , and all that would mean. Now another big change looms. On February 1st the company gets a new chief executive , Doug McMillon, until now the head of i
35、ts international business.In some respects Mr McMillon looks like a natural choice to manage a huge beast that inspires loathing and loyalty in equal measure. A native of Arkansas, Walmarts home state, he started out in one of the companys warehouses, rose as a specialist in merchandising(deciding h
36、ow goods are displayed and sold in stores)and was head of the Sams Club unit, stores where members buy in bulk.Genial and approachable, Mr McMillon may cure the corporate problem that afflicts Walmart when it talks to its 2. 2m employees, to its giant customer base(90% of Americans shop there at lea
37、st once a year)and to critics who say it pays miserly wages and sucks life out of town centres. On January 15 th the National Labour Relations Board accused Walmart of sacking and disciplining workers who went on strike in 2012. Walmart says it acted lawfully and claims to promote 160,000 people a y
38、ear; Mr McMillons box-shifting calluses make such claims a bit more convincing.Yet the international business, which he has led since 2009, is not thriving. This year it is expected to account for 28% of sales but it has just achieved 19% of operating income. Walmart has reduced costs in China and B
39、razil after expanding too fast. Confusing policies on foreign investment in retailing have hampered Walmarts push into India. Walmart is co-operating with investigations into allegations that executives in Mexico bribed officials; the inquiries have been broadened to the companys operations in India
40、, Brazil and China. Mr McMillon is not to blame for these setbacks, many of which date from before he took over, but neither has he brought about a turnaround.16 The underlined phrase “inflection point“(Para 1, Line 1)is closest to_.（A）flash point（B） turning point（C） starting point（D）finishing point
41、17 According to Paragraph 2, which one of the following is true?（A）Mr McMillon looks like a huge beast.（B） Some of Walmarts stores are about to close.（C） At Sams Club, members buy in large quantities.（D）In Walmart, executives are also experts in merchandising.18 Walmart was charged for_.（A）paying mi
42、serly wages（B） going on strike illegally（C） restricting workers with disciplines（D）dismissing and punishing employees19 Which one is NOT true about Walmarts international business?（A）Mr. McMillon has taken it over since 2009.（B） It accounts for 19% of Walmarts net income.（C） Its sales havent reached
43、 original expectation this year.（D）Walmart has to tighten its belt in fast-expanded countries.20 We can conclude from the last paragraph that_.（A）unclear overseas policies have hindered Walmarts spread（B） situations of overseas markets have turned around for Walmart（C） Walmarts foreign markets focus
44、 on China, Brazil and India only（D）Mr. McMillon is to blame for problems of Walmarts foreign business考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷 5 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 根据“substitute for the Devil”可
45、以定位到第一段。答案就在本句话的前后。前面提到：Next to snakes and crocs，Australians imagine sharks to be the countrys most dangerous creature根据本句话容易误选C。上文提到 next to snakes and crocs(仅次于蛇和鳄鱼 )，故可以判断C 和D两项都是错误的。A项属于无中生有。文章提到：Seven swimmers in threeyears have died from shark attacks in Mr Wintons home state of Western Austra
46、lia可见 Tim Win-ton 把鲨鱼称作“恶魔的代名词”是因为鲨鱼夺去了很多人的生命，因此B项正确。【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 根据 Mr Barnett 定位到第二段。选项A对应该段第三行：Any shark caught onthem(指代 nogo zones)more than three metres long was to be shot大意为：任何在“鲨鱼禁区”捕获的体长超过三米的鲨鱼将会遭到射杀。由此可见A项的 any shark 是不准确的，故该项错误。选项B是对“Mr Barnett ordered no-go zones for sharks
47、 to be set up offshore”一句的曲解，原文说的禁区是针对鲨鱼(for sharks)，而不是针对游泳者，该项的 for swimmers 与原文 forsharks不符，属于偷换概念，故错误。选项C对应最后一句： Mr Barnett says he has to“protectthe people of Western Australia”该项正确。选项D中的 ensuring safety of human beings 这部分是没错的，但是 and animals 错了，因为 Barnett 提倡猎杀鲨鱼，而不是保护。综上所述，答案为选项C。【知识模块】 阅读3 【正
48、确答案】 D【试题解析】 根据 Many Australians，new policy 等词定位到第三段。该段第一、二句指出：Butpreviously hostile popular attitudes towards sharks are shiftingPlenty of Western Australians，alongwith environmentalists and shark experts，deplore the new policy大意为：但是之前人们普遍敌对鲨鱼的态度发生了转变。大量澳大利亚西部居民、环保主义者和鲨鱼专家强烈反对这项新政策。其中 deplore 这个词明确
49、体现出许多澳大利亚人的态度，如果看不懂这个词，可以根据上下文进行猜测。上文提到人们敌对鲨鱼的观点正在转变，下文提到人们不敌对鲨鱼，反而反对“杀戮鲨鱼的新政策”，由此可见 deplore 这个词和上文的hostile(敌对的) 一词是接近的，故答案为 Dopponent(反对的)。【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 选项A 意为：大白鲨在澳大利亚西部受到保护。原文第四段第四行指出：None-theless，the federal government has given its conservative counterpart in Western Australia an exemption from protecting great whites under its“catchand-kill”policy其中关键的是 an exemptionfrom protecting great whites 一句，大意为“免于保护大白鲨”，
