1、考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷 9 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Barack Obama, in his state-of-the-union speech on February 12th, called for a new era of scientific discovery. “ Now it is the time to reach a level of r
2、esearch and development not seen since the height of the space race,“ he declared. He praised projects to map the human brain and accelerate regenerative medicine. This would mean spending more on research. As The Economist went to press, Americas government was about to do the opposite.Federal spen
3、ding is due to be cut on March 1st, the result of a long brawl over the deficit. Complex politics triggered this“sequester“(Congress excels at nothing if not elaborate dysfunction)but the sequester itself is brutally simple. America will cut $ 85 billion from this years budget(about 2.5% of spending
4、), split between military and non-military programmes. Among the areas to be squeezed is R companies pay for later stages of development. For example, the NIH supported early research into monoclonal antibodies. By 2010 such research underpinned five of Americas 20 bestselling drugs. As drug firms t
5、rim their budget, the NIHs work is becoming even more vital. But since 2003 , inflation-adjusted spending on medical research has declined.1 We can infer from the first paragraph that_.（A）U. S. will spend more on research（B） Obama objected to the project to map the human brain（C） Obama praised scien
6、tists endeavour on scientific research（D）regenerative medicine is an area America focuses on for long2 Government expenditure is planned to be squeezed because of_.（A）too much loans and foreign debts（B） the long-term brawl over spending（C） too much spending on military programs（D）the long-term argum
7、ent about the fiscal deficit3 The underlined word “ sequester“(Para 2, Line 2)refers to_.（A）reduction of spending（B） brawl over the deficit（C） dysfunction of Congress（D）augment of federal spending4 We learn from Paragraphs 3 that its deals with publishers may unfairly exclude competitors; and that i
8、t prevents advertisers from taking their data elsewhere.Mr Almunia asked Google to propose by the end of January ways of meeting his concerns. He has not yet said what it suggested or how he will respond. European antitrust cases have a habit of dragging on. Just ask Microsoft.6 According to Paragra
9、ph 1 , which of the following is true?（A）Microsoft is the only software giant in the world.（B） A great majority of PCs use Windows as operating system.（C） There are many alternatives for users except Internet Explorer.（D）The Commission found no evidence of Microsofts abuse of its dominance.7 Microso
10、ft was fined because_.（A）it excluded other competitors（B） it abused its dominance in software（C） it had a big lapse in its operating system（D）it did not include the choice screen as promised8 Which one is NOT true for Microsoft?（A）Recently it has been accused by Google.（B） It has been fined several
11、times in history.（C） Its browser has been surpassed by its rivals.（D）Its not specialized in browser on tablet computers.9 The commissioner believes all EXCEPT that_.（A）Google may favour its own services at rivals cost（B） Google abuses its domiance in PC operating systems（C） Google prevents advertise
12、rs from taking their data elsewhere（D）the way Google deals with publishers may exclude competitors10 We can infer from the last paragraph that_.（A）European antitrust cases usually end quickly（B） Google will soon propose a way to solve its problem（C） Microsoft may be more experienced in dealing with
13、antitrust cases（D）Monopoly in the area of online search and operating system will soon vanish10 The sharing economy is a little like online shopping, which started in America 15 years ago. At first, people were worried about security. But having made a successful purchase from, say, Amazon , they fe
14、lt safe buying elsewhere. Similarly, using Airbnb or a car-hire service for the first time encourages people to try other offerings. Next, consider eBay. Having started out as a peer-to-peer marketplace, it is now dominated by professional “power sellers“(many of whom started out as ordinary eBay us
15、ers). The same may happen with the sharing economy, which also provides new opportunities for enterprise. Some people have bought cars solely to rent them out, for example.Incumbents are getting involved too. Avis, a car-hire firm, has a share in a sharing rival. So do GM and Daimler, two car-makers
16、. In future, companies may develop hybrid models, listing excess capacity(whether vehicles, equipment or office space)on peer-to-peer rental sites. In the past, new ways of doing things online have not displaced the old ways entirely. But they have often changed them. Just as Internet shopping force
17、d Walmart and Tesco to adapt, so online sharing will shake up transport, tourism, equipment-hire and more.The main worry is regulatory uncertainty. Will room-renters be subject to hotel taxes, for example? In Amsterdam officials are using Airbnb listings to track down unlicensed hotels. In some Amer
18、ican cities, peer-to-peer taxi services have been banned after lobbying by traditional taxi firms. The danger is that although some rules need to be updated to protect consumers from harm, incumbents will try to destroy competition. People who rent out rooms should pay tax, of course, but they shoul
19、d not be regulated like a Ritz-Carlton hotel. The lighter rules that typically govern bed-and-breakfasts are more than adequate.The sharing economy is the latest example of the Internets value to consumers. This emerging model is now big and disruptive enough for regulators and companies to have wok
20、en up to it. That is a sign of its immense potential. It is time to start caring about sharing.11 According to Paragraph 1, which is NOT true?（A）The first online purchase was made by Amazon.（B） Some people buy cars in order to rent them out.（C） When online shopping appeared, people worried about its
21、 safety.（D）Sharing economy may provide no opportunities for individuals.12 Walmart and Tesco are mentioned to_.（A）demonstrate the power of Internet（B） show the potential of online sharing（C） reveal the influence of online shopping（D）prove the dominance of certain companies13 . One potential problem
22、with sharing is_.（A）difficulty in supervision（B） disruption of economy（C） instability of market（D）uncertainty of firms14 We learn from the last paragraph that_.（A）sharing economy will not go long（B） sharing economy reveals consumers value（C） regulators and companies should realize sharing economy（D）
23、sharing economy will replace traditional ways in the near future15 The best title for the text may be_.（A）Sharing Economy and Online Shopping（B） The Immense Potential of Sharing Economy（C） The Emergency of Sharing Economy and Its Concerns（D）Sharing Economy Will Reshape Traditional Industries Soon15
24、“If Congress wont act soon to protect future generations, I will,“ Barack Obama said last month in his state-of-the-union speech. “I will direct my cabinet to come up with executive actions we can take, now and in the future, to reduce pollution, prepare our communities for the consequences of clima
25、te change, and speed the transition to more sustainable sources of energy. “ This week Mr Obama named the officials charged with fulfilling that directive; Gina Mc Carthy, his choice to head the Environmental Protection Agency, and Ernest Moniz, the prospective new secretary of energy. Their selecti
26、on suggests that Mr Obama is indeed serious about tackling climate change, but not doctrinaire in his approach.Ms Mc Carthy already works at the EPA, where she is in charge of air quality. That has given her a leading role drafting the administrations most ambitious and controversial environmental r
27、ules, including limits on emissions of greenhouse gases for new power plants and strict fuel-efficiency requirements for cars. She is the natural candidate to oversee the most obvious and consequential step Mr Obama could take to stem global warming: a regulation curbing emissions from existing powe
28、r plants.Republicans do not fancy that idea at all, and have introduced bills in Congress to strip the EPA of its regulatory authority over greenhouse gases. They often accused Lisa Jackson, the agencys previous boss, of disregarding the cumulative impact of its many clean-air rules, and suffocating
29、 industry as a result.Yet Ms Mc Carthy makes an unlikely target. She has worked for Republican governors in Massachusetts and Connecticut. Industry groups mustered kind words about her nomination. As Mr Obama put it,“ Shes earned a reputation as a straight-shooter. “16 Barack Obama will take steps t
30、o do all EXCEPT_.（A）reducing pollution now and in the future（B） finding more sustainable sources of energy（C） preparing for the consequences of climate change（D）investing more funds for public health care system17 According to the first paragraph, we can conclude that_.（A）Obama will take environment
31、al protection seriously（B） Obama will reduce the use of cars to reduce air pollution（C） America will soon find sustainable sources for their descendants（D）America faces the more serious environmental problem compared with other nations18 The roles Ms Mc Carthy is playing include all EXCEPT_.（A）placi
32、ng limits on greenhouse gas emissions（B） introducing bills about environment to Congress（C） drafting the administrations environmental rules（D）supervising Mr Presidents steps on global warming19 Whats the Republicans attitude towards Obamas step taken to stop global warming?（A）Approval.（B） Skepticis
33、m.（C） Disapproval.（D）Indifference.20 What can we learn about Ms Mc Carthy from the last paragraph?（A）Her goal cannot be achieved.（B） She was once a shooter in army.（C） She used to work against Republicans.（D）She won the support of the president.考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷 9 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the followi
34、ng four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 根据选项A定位到文章首段最后两句： This would mean spending more on researchAs The Economist went to press，Americas government was about to do the opposite最后一句意为：美国政府却将反其道而行。可见美国不会在研究领域投入更多开支，因此选项A是错误的。
35、选项 B对应该段第三句：He praised projects to map the human brain and accelerateregenerative medicine可见 Obama 对于绘制人脑图的态度是支持的，而非反对的，故该项错误。根据“called for a new era of scientific discovery”以及“He praised projects to map the human brain and accelerate regenerative medicine”可知选项C项是正确的。文章提到了 regenerative medicine，但并没有
36、说美国关注这个领域已经很久了，for long 一词在原文未体现，故选项D错误。【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 根据题干定位到第二段首句：Federal spending is due to be cut 其中题干中的 government expenditure=federal spending；is planned to=is due to；be squeezed=be cut。故确定答案来源为该句话。原文中的 the result of 相当于题干中的 because of，故本题答案原文为：along brawl over the deficit(长期关于财政赤字的
37、争吵)与选项Dthe longterm argument aboutthe fiscal deficit 相符。其中，long=long-term；brawl=argument；deficit=fiscal deficit。故答案为选项D。【知识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 首先确定答案来源，即第二段第一、二句：Federal spending is due to be cut on March1st，the result of a long brawl over the deficitComplex politics triggered this“sequester”因为文中
38、出现 this“sequester”，由 this 一词可以得知“sequester”在上文应该出现过，故确定解题信息来自上一句，即第二段第一句。提取该句主干信息，得出：Federal spending is due to be cut故可以确定“sequester”指代“联邦支出将被削减”。四个选项中，与之相关的是选项A和D 两项，其中选项A中的“reduction 减少”对应“cut 削减”；而选项D中的“augment 增加”与之相反，故确定本题答案为选项A。【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 选项A 对应第四段首句： Nevertheless，America remai
39、ns the worlds biggest enginefor innovation可见该项错误，其中 no more 与原文中的remains 表达意义相反。选项B对应第三段首句： For years America has enjoyed pre-eminence in research，but this is fading可见该项正确。其中“this is fading”表示美国在研究领域的领导地位正在衰退。选项C对应原文第四段第三句：Despite Chinas rapid ascent，America still spends more than twice as much on R
40、&D可见美国开支是中国的两倍多，而非该项说的中国的开支比美国多了两倍，故该项错误。选项D 对应原文第三段第二句： Chinese investment(including both public and private money)morethan quintupled from 2000 to 2010，可见中国投资是翻了五倍，而非翻了两倍，因此该项错误。本题答案为选项B。【知识模块】 阅读5 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 选项A 对应最后一段第二句 :(NIH)is the worlds biggest funder of biomedicalresearch原文说的是 biomedica
41、l research，而非 all medical research，故选项A 错误。选项B对应第三句：It pays for risky basic science；companies pay for later stages of development后期费用是由公司出的，而非 NIH，故选项B错误。选项C对应第四句：For example ，the NIH supported early research into monoclonal antibodies可见该项与原文是黑白颠倒，故错误。原文先提到：(NIH)is the worlds biggest funder of biome
42、dical research后又提到：As drug firms trim theirbudget，the NIHs work is becoming even more vital可见选项D 表达是正确的。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 选项A 对应原文第二句的前半句，文章提到微软是美国软件巨头，但没有说是世界唯一巨头，the only 过于绝对，故该项错误。选项B对应第二句的后半句：Windows ，theoperating system in the great majority of personal computers该项是把这个句子换个表达方式
43、，是同义替换关系。故正确。选项C对应该段最后一句:buy a PC，and unless you took thetrouble of choosing otherwise，you would browse the web through Explorer可见用户并非有许多选择，该项错误。选项D 对应该段最后一句： This，thought the commission，might be an abuse ofits dominance in operating systems该委员会只是这样认为，并没有提及证据的问题，故该项错误。综上所述，该题答案为选项B。【知识模块】 阅读7 【正确答案】
44、 D【试题解析】 答案出现在第三段：but Microsoft forgot to keep its wordOn March 6th the competition commissioner，Joaquin Almunia，said he had fined it 561m($732m)for not including thechoice screen可见微软受到罚款的原因是 not including the choice screen，故答案为选项D。【知识模块】 阅读8 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 根据 Microsoft 和出题顺序定位到四、五两段。选项A对应第五段最后一句：La
45、tely it has been among the accusers of Google其中 it 指代Microsoft，accuser 的意思为“原告”，从该句可知是 Microsoft 控告 Google；故该项与原文是黑白颠倒，故该项表述错误，即该项为该题答案。选项B对应第五段。第五段提到：In 2004 it was fined；In 2008 it copped another 899m penalty(其中 penalty 表示“处罚，罚金”)由此可以判断该项“微软在历史上被罚过好几次”的表述正确。选项C对应第四段第二句： Explorer has fallen behind
46、Chrome，madeby Google，and Firefox，made by Mozilla其中 Explorer=its browser；has fallen behind Chromeand Firefox=has been surpassed by its rivals。故该项正确。选项D 对应第四段最后一句： Andpeople are doing more and more browsing on smartphones and tablets，the domain of Apple，Googleand their browsers该句指出，智能手机和平板电脑浏览器是 Apple
47、 和 Google 的领域范围，故可以推断该项“微软的专长不是平板电脑浏览器”的表述正确。综上所述，本题答案为选项A 。【知识模块】 阅读9 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 根据题干定位到第六段第三句：The commissioner believes that Google may be favouring its own specialised services at rivals expense；that its deals with publishers may unfairly exclude competitors；and that it prevents advertisers f
48、rom taking their data elsewhere选项A、C和D 的内容均出现了，而选项B 是张冠李戴，在电脑操作系统滥用主导地位的是 Microsoft 而非Google。故该项为答案。【知识模块】 阅读10 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 选项A 对应该段倒数第二句： European antitrust cases have a habit of dragging on可见欧洲反垄断案例的特点是总是拖着，而不是很快结束，故该项错误。选项B对应该段第二句：He has not yet said what it suggested or how he will respond可见谷
49、歌并没有很快提出一个解决方案。故该项错误。文章第五段提到微软在欧洲反垄断案件中多次被罚款，最后一段又说：还是问问微软吧。可见微软在处理类似问题上比较有经验，所以该项表达是正确的。选项D意为“网络搜索和操作系统领域的垄断现象将很快消失”，该段及整个文章都没涉及这一问题，该项属于无中生有，故错误。综上所述，本题答案为选项C。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读11 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 选项A 对应原文第三句： But having made a successful purchase from，say，Amazon，they felt safe buying elsewhere可见第一次网络交易是由亚马逊完成的。该项表述是正确的。选项B对应最后一句：Some people have bought ears solely
