1、考研英语模拟试卷 282 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Many people invest in the stock market hoping to find the next Microsoft and Dell. However, I know【1】personal experience how difficul
2、t this really is. For more than a year, I waw【2】hundreds and sometimes thousands of dollars a day investing in the market. It seemed so easy, I dreamed of【3】my job at the end of the year, of buying a small apartment in Paris, of traveling around the world. But these dreams【4】to a sudden and dramatic
3、 end when a stock I【5】, Texas cellular pone wholesaler, fell by more than 75 percent【6】a one year period. On the【 7】day, it plunged by more than $ 15 a share. There was a rumor the company was【8】sales figures. That was when I leamed how quickly Wall street【9】companies that misrepresent the【10】.In a【
4、11】, I sold all my stock in the company, paying【12】margin debt with cash advances from my【13】card. Because I owned so many shares, I【14】a small fortune, half of it from money I borrowed from the brokerage company. One month, I am a【15】, the next, a loser. This one big loss was my first lesson in the
5、 market.My father was a stockbroker, as way my grandfather【16】him. (In fact, he founded one of Chicagos earliest brokerage firms. ) But like so many things in life, we dont learn anything until we【17】it for ourselves. The only way to really understand the inner【18】of the stock market is to invest yo
6、ur own hard-earned money. When all your stocks are doing【19】and you feel like a winner, you learn very little. Its when all your stocks are losing and everyone is questioning your stock-picking【20】that you find out if you have what it takes to invest in the market.（A）at（B） in（C） from（D）by （A）making（
7、B） spending（C） selling（D）buying （A）losing（B） retiring（C） getting（D）quitting （A）turned（B） came（C） went（D）seemed （A）owend（B） owed（C） rented（D）sold （A）over（B） by（C） from（D）with （A）busy（B） slow（C） worst（D）fast （A）cheating（B） exaggerating（C） announcing（D）beating （A）punishes（B） defeats（C） tells（D）shows （A
8、）trade（B） truth（C） lie（D）lies （A）despair（B） worry（C） panic（D）moment （A）all（B） off（C） over（D）up （A）credit（B） identity（C） identfication（D）loan （A）won（B） lost（C） gained（D）found （A）winner（B） champagne（C） genius（D）mentor （A）after（B） before（C） for（D）and （A）remember（B） live（C） imagine（D）experience （A）worki
9、ngs（B） innings（C） price（D）shares （A）more（B） great（C） much（D）up （A）facility（B） faculty（C） ability（D）power Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Real policemen, both Britain and the United States hardly recognize a
10、ny resemblance between their lives and what they see on TVif they ever get home in time. There are similarities, of course, but the cops dont think much of them.The first difference is that a policemans real life revolves round the law. Most of his training is in criminal law. He has to know exactly
11、 what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down an alley after someone he has to talk to.Little of his time is spent in chat
12、ting to scantily clad ladies or in dramatic confrontations with desperate criminal. He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guiltyor notof stupid, petty crimes.Most television crime drama is about finding
13、 the criminal; as soon as hes arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attackswhere failure to produce results reflects on the standing of the policelittle effort is spent on searching. The polic
14、e have an elaborate machinery which eventually shows up most wanted men.Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence. Much of this has to be given by people who dont want to get involved
15、in a court case. So as well as being overworked, a detective has to be out at all hours of the day and night interviewing his witnesses and persuading them, usually against their own best interests, to help him.A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant mor
16、al twilight in which the real one lives. Detectives are subject to two opposing pressures: first as members of a police force they always have to behave with absolute legality, secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of the
17、m have to break the rules in small ways.If the detective has to deceive the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple mindednessas he sees itof citizens,
18、 social workers, doctors, law makers, and judges, who, instead of stamping out crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result, detectives feel, is that nine tenths of their work is reaching people who should have stayed behind bars. This makes them r
19、ather cynical.21 It is essential for a policeman to be trained in criminal law_.（A）so that he can catch criminals in the streets（B） because many of the criminals he has to catch are dangerous（C） so that he can justify his arrests in court（D）because he has to know nearly as much about law as a profes
20、sional lawyer 22 The everyday life of a policeman or detective is_.（A）exciting and glamorous（B） full of danger（C） devoted mostly to routine matters（D）wasted on unimportant matters 23 When murders and terrorist attacks occur the police_.（A）prefer to wait for the criminal to give himself away（B） spend
21、 a lot of effort on trying to track down their man（C） try to make a quick arrest in order to keep up their reputation（D）usually fail to produce results 24 The real detective lives in “an unpleasant moral twilight“ because_.（A）he is an expensive public servant（B） he must always behave with absolute l
22、egality（C） he is obliged to break the law in order to preserve it（D）he feels himself to be cut off from the rest of the world 25 Detectives are rather cynical because_.（A）nine tenths of their work involves arresting people（B） hardly anyone tells them the truth（C） society does not punish criminals se
23、verely enough（D）too many criminals escape from jail 25 In the two decades between 1910 and 1930, over ten percent to the Black population of the United States left the South, where the preponderance of the Black population had been located, and migrated to northern states, with the largest number mo
24、ving, it is claimed, between 1916 and 1918. It has been frequently assumed, but not proved, that the majority of the migrants in what has come to be called the Great Migration came from rural areas and were motivated by two concurrent factors: the collapse of the cotton industry following the boll w
25、eevil infestation, which began in 1898, and increased demand in the North for labor following the cessation of European immigration caused by the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. This assumption has led to the conclusion that the migrants subsequent lack of economic mobility in the North is
26、tied to rural background, a background that implies unfamiliarity with urban living and a lack of industrial skills.But the question of who actually left the South has never been rigorously investigated. Although numerous investigations document an exodus from rural southern areas to southern cities
27、 prior to the Great Migration. No one has considered whether the same migrants then moved on to northern cities. In 1910 over 600,000 Black workers, or ten percent of the Black work force, reported themselves to be engaged in “manufacturing and mechanical pursuits,“ the federal census category rough
28、ly encompassing the entire industrial sector. The Great Migration could easily have been made up entirely of this group and their families. It is perhaps surprising to argue that an employed population could be enticed to move, but an explanation lies in the labor conditions then prevalent in the So
29、uth.About thirty-five percent of the urban Black population in the South was engaged in skilled trades. Some were from the old artisan class of slavery-blacksmiths, masons, carpenters-which had had a monopoly of certain trades, but they were gradually being pushed out by competition, mechanization,
30、and obsolescence. The remaining sixty-five percent, more recently urbanized, worked in newly developed industriestobacco, lumber, coal and iron manufacture, and railroads. Wages in the South, however, were low, and Black workers were aware, through labor recruiters and the Black press, that they cou
31、ld earn more even as unskilled workers in the North than they could as artisans in the South. After the boll weevil infestation, urban Black workers faced competition from the continuing influx of both Black and White rural workers, who were driven to undercut the wages formerly paid for industrial
32、jobs. Thus, a move north would be seen as advantageous to a group that was already urbanized and steadily employed, and the easy conclusion tying their subsequent economic problems in the North to their rural background comes into question. 26 The author indicates explicitly that which of the follow
33、ing records has been a source of information in her investigation? _（A）United States Immigration Service reports from 1914 to 1930.（B） Payrolls of southern manufacturing firms between 1910 and 1930.（C） The volume of cotton exports between 1898 and 1910.（D）The federal census of 1910. 27 According to
34、the passage, which of the following is true of wages in southern cities in 1910? _（A）They were being pushed lower as a result of increased competition.（B） They had begun to rise so that southern industry could attract rural workers.（C） They had increased for skilled workers but decreased for unskill
35、ed workers.（D）They had increased in large southern cities but decreased in small southern cities. 28 The author cites each of the following as possible influences in a Black workers decision to migrate north in the Great Migration EXCEPT_.（A）wage levels in northern cities（B） labor recruiters（C） comp
36、etition from rural workers（D）voting rights in northern states 29 The primary purpose of the passage is to_.（A）support an alternative to an accepted methodology（B） present evidence that resolves a contradiction（C） introduce a recently discovered source of information（D）challenge a widely accepted exp
37、lanation 30 The material in the passage would be most relevant to a long discussion of which of the following topics? _（A）The reasons for the subsequent economic difficulties of those who participated in the Great Migration.（B） The effect of migration on the regional economies of the United States f
38、ollowing the First World War.（C） The transition from a rural to an urban existence for those who migrated in the Great Migration.（D）The disappearance of the artisan class in the United States as a consequence of mechanization in the early twentieth century. 30 Guthries contiguity principle offers pr
39、actical suggestions for how to break habits.One application of the threshold method involves the time young children spend on academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so the length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most activities are scheduled to last
40、no longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start of the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often result. To apply Guthries theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher could gradually i
41、ncrease the time students spend working on a single activity.The threshold method also can be applied to teaching printing and handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their movements are awkward and they lack fine motor coordination. The distances between lines on a page are purposel
42、y wide so children can fit the letters into the space. If paper with narrow lines is initially introduced, students etters would spill over the borders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letters within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them
43、 refine their skills.The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room. The teacher can remove the students from the classroom, give them a large stack of paper, and tell him to start making paper airplanes. After the stud
44、ents have made several airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for not building airplanes.Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their physical education class. To employ the fatigue method, the teacher might decide to have these st
45、udents continue to run a few more laps after the class has begun.The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and misbehave in the media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. The media center teacher might ask the students to find interesting books and read them while
46、in the center. Assuming that the students find the books enjoyable, the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books rather than for talking with other students.In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacher realized that using the board and
47、overhead projector while lecturing was very boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, such as experiments, and debates, in an attempt to involve students and raise their interest in the course.31 The purpose of this passage is to_.（A）inform（B） persuade（C） debate（
48、D）narrate 32 Guthrie identified three methods for_.（A）educating students（B） altering bad habits（C） avoiding undesired action（D）forming good hobbies 33 Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold method?（A）Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food that the
49、child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it.（B） Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young children and gradually increase session length but not to where students become frustrated or bored.（C） Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting.（D）A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fun by his parents in order to change his behavior of repeat
