1、考研英语模拟试卷 287 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 There is virtually no limit to how one can serve community interests, from spending a few hours a week with some charitable organizat
2、ion to practically full-time work for a social agency. Just as there are opportunities for voluntary service【1】(VSO) for young people before they take up full-time employment,【2】there are opportunities for overseas service for【3】technicians in developing countries. Some people,【4】those who retire ea
3、rly,【5】their technical and business skills in countries【6】there is a special need.So in considering voluntary or【7】community service, there are more opportunities than there【8】were when one first began work. Most voluntary organizations have only a small full-time【9】and depend very much on volunteer
4、s and part-timers. This means that working relationships are different from those in commercial organizations, and values may be different.【10 】some ways they may seem more casual and less efficient, but one should not【11】them by commercial criteria. The people who work with them do so for different
5、 reasons and with different【12】, both personal and【13】. One should not join them【14】to arm them with professional experience; they must be joined with commitment to the【15】, not business efficiency. Because salaries are【 16】or non-existent many voluntary bodies offer modest expense. But many retired
6、 people take part in community service for【17】, simply because they enjoy the work.Many community activities possible【18】retirement were also possible during ones working life but they are to be undertaken【19】seriously for that. Retired people who are just looking for something different or unusual
7、to do should not consider【20】community service.（A）oversea（B） over sea（C） over seas（D）overseas（A）as（B） so（C） then（D）that（A）quantity（B） qualifying（C） quality（D）qualified（A）partially（B） partly（C） particularly（D）passionately（A）order（B） operate（C） offer（D）occupy（A）which（B） where（C） as（D）that（A）paying（B）
8、paid（C） to be paid（D）pay（A）before（B） lately（C） never（D）ever（A）team（B） number（C） staff（D）crowd（A）In（B） By（C） With（D）Through（A）look at（B） comment（C） enjoy（D）judge（A）subjective（B） subject（C） objectives（D）objects（A）organization（B） organizational（C） organized（D）organizing（A）expecting（B） to expect（C） bein
9、g expected（D）expected（A）course（B） cause（C） case（D）caution（A）lime（B） small（C） large（D）big（A）free（B） freedom（C） money（D）something（A）before（B） on（C） in（D）at（A）much（B） very much（C） no more（D）no less（A）to be taken（B） to take（C） taking（D）being takenPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer t
10、he questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 The biggest demonstration in a generation is being assembled by mobilizing the power of the web, which allows anti-war groups to rally multitudes at the click of a mouse. Cornish speakers for peace can share ideas by e-mail with Rh
11、odes Scholars Against the War while taking into account the sensitivities of the Young Muslim Sisters. Footsore ban-the-bomb veterans such as Tony Myers of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, busily preparing yesterday for the mass protest, can only marvel at the power of the net.“Its made a massi
12、ve difference,“ he said. “Back in the 1980s when we were trying to organize huge demos it was all about going to meetings and sending mail to regional people. I was a volunteer before the 1983 demonstration which attracted 400,000 marchers. The office was just awash with people printing things on ol
13、d duplicators. People today feel more like they are part of a big movement. In the 1980s, we would read about demos all over the world a few days later in the newspapers. Now you know all the details in advance if you are on the e-mail list. The Stop the War Coalition needs only a handful of headqua
14、rters staff because the website is a virtual campaign group in itself, complete with briefings, news, addresses and artwork.Childrens superior mastery of the internet is reflected in the proliferation of youth groups opposing war. The Woodcraft Folk (a sort of pacifist version of the Scouts) announc
15、e that they will be bringing an orange parachute on the march. The Engels-Marx Communist Party (slogan “Resist and Revolt“) is a group of pupils at a Leicester comprehensive school opposing the war. The entire country is covered from the Aberdeen Students Against War Society to Torbay Stop the War g
16、roup.Anti-war campaigners put leaflets, maps, posters and petitions on their websites for supporters to print, stick in their window or hand out at the march. Stop the War Coalition includes a direct- debit form which supporters can download and send to their bank manager to make donations.Message b
17、oards are filled with anti-war protesters arguing their case. The issue is being exploited by the British National Party, which has posted a self-serving press release proclaiming support for the march because of their concerns over “the power of the Israeli lobby“. Anti-war individuals have been e-
18、mailing friends with songs for the march, one to the tune of If Youre Happy and You Know It. The internet was created in the 1960s partly by the Advanced Research Project Agency of the US Department of Defense. It is widely said to have been created in order to send military messages after an atomic
19、 war.21 The example in the first paragraph is used to show the demonstrators _.（A）share the similar goals with one another（B） need to compromise with one another（C） can not really co-operate due to geographic isolations（D）get in touch with one other easily on internet22 We can know from the passage
20、that in the 1980s, _.（A）it was impossible to organize any demonstration of large scale at all（B） people at that time did not feel that they were a part of any big movement（C） all the people involved in the organizing work were volunteers（D）reports about demonstrations can only be read several days a
21、fter23 What is the main idea of paragraph 3 ?（A）Anti-war movements bring about negative influence to children.（B） Children should be forbidden from participating in anti-war movements.（C） Children are also important participants, in internet anti-war movements.（D）Children can improve their computer
22、literacy in anti-war movements.24 In the authors opinion, the British National Party _.（A）always supports anti-war movements of any kind（B） concerns about the interests of Israeli groups（C） cares about its own interests when supporting the march（D）has done a lot of research in the filed of internet
23、anti-war movement25 Which one of the following is the best title for the passage?（A）Protesters Use Intenet as Weapon to Stop a War（B） Civil War on the Intenet（C） Internet Prevents Anti-War Movement（D）A Call for Intenet War against Terrorism25 A mandatory traceability system in the United States woul
24、d help improve the safety of food, such as produce, a health official told lawmakers on Wednesday, and three weeks after the government declared an end to the worst foodborne outbreak in a decade. In the past, some produce firms, including many in the tomato industry, use voluntary traceability prog
25、rams but their approaches vary.Lawmakers said a mandatory program was overdue, and would help U.S. regulators improve safety and restore consumer confidence in food following a series of foodborne outbreaks since 2006.“It is the system that is broken,“ said Rep. Rosa DeLauro, chair of the House Appr
26、opriations subcommittee on agriculture. “You still do not have mandatory traceability, mandatory performance standards. You are looking for a needle in a haystack.“ Regulators struggled to pinpoint the source of an outbreak of Salmonella St. Paul earlier this year that sickened more than 1,400 peopl
27、e and put 286 in the hospital. They initially focused on tomatoes before shifting their attention to peppers. The slow pace of the investigation, which later traced the Salmonella strain to jalapeno and serrano peppers from Mexico, has renewed calls for greater monitoring of fresh fruits and vegetab
28、les and a national system to track produce.The Bioterrorism Act of 2002 requires produce processors and distributors to keep track of where food goes and where it came from. This does not include restaurants and farms. “We are going clown a road of examining what is going to work,“ said David Acheso
29、n, the Food and Drug Administrations associate commissioner for food protection. He told the subcommittee a mandatory program “would have an impact.“ Acheson said FDA does not believe it has explicit authority to mandate a tracking system.The Salmonella outbreak was the latest health scare since 200
30、6. The incidents, involving lettuce, peanut butter, pot pies and spinach, have resulted in dozens of hearings and proposals seeking tougher U.S. safety standards. The latest proposal, which DeLauro plans to introduce next week, would create a separate safety agency within the Department of Health an
31、d Human Services to handle all food safety issues currently administered by FDA In a briefing on food issues, the Grocery Manufacturers Association, which includes leading companies such as General Mills Inc and ConAgra Foods Inc, expressed doubt that food safety legislation would be passed this yea
32、r.Prospects dim further next year with a new administration pursuing its own agenda and congress dealing with other issues including health care and transportation. “This may be our only window for some period of time to actually enact these important reforms,“ said Scott Faber, a vice president at
33、the Grocery Manufacturers. An estimated 76 million people in the United States get sick every year with foodborne illness and 5,000 die, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.26 The word “mandatory“ most probably means _.（A）compulsory（B） voluntary（C） recommendable（D）improv
34、ed27 What do the lawmakers think about the mandatory program mentioned?（A）It is too late.（B） It is too early.（C） It is of no use.（D）It is complicated.28 The example of an outbreak of Salmonella St. Paul is used to _.（A）show how serious a public sanitary crisis can have（B） exemplify how the public in
35、vestigations often shift their attentions（C） blame the slow pace of the investigation（D）highlight the urgency of a national tracking system29 What does David Acheson think about the mandatory program?（A）He has some doubts about whether it will have an impact.（B） He thinks that restaurants and farms
36、should also be included in the program.（C） He thinks that PDA may not have the necessary administrative power.（D）He worries that different apartments may compete with one another for authority.30 What is the latest proposal mentioned in the last paragraph?（A）To give more severe punishment to those r
37、esponsible for health scares.（B） To create a new agency to handle food safety issues.（C） To grant more administrative power to Food and Drug Administration.（D）To keep a closer eye on the leading companies.30 If men are from Mars and women are from Venus, it may explain at least one of their shared b
38、eliefs: Men and women cant be real friends. Many may point to the jealousy that plagues many rational people when a significant other befriends someone of the opposite sex. Boil it down to the inherent differences between the sexes. It just cant be done. Is it right?Wrong, say relationship experts.
39、“The belief that men and women cant be friends comes from another era in which women were at home and men were in the workplace, and the only way they could get together was for romance,“ explains Linda Sapadin, Ph. D, a psychologist in private practice in Valley Stream, New York. “Now they work tog
40、ether and have sports interests together and socialize together.“ This cultural shift is encouraging psychologists, sociologists and communications experts to put forth a new message: though it may be tricky, men and women can successfully become close friends. Whats more, there are good reasons for
41、 them to do so.Society has long singled out romance as the prototypical male-female relationship because it spawns babies and keeps the life cycle going; cross-sex friendship, as researchers call it, has been either ignored or trivialized. We have rules for how to act in romantic relationships (flir
42、t, date, get married, have kids) and even same-sex friendships (boys relate by doing activities together, girls by talking and sharing). But there are so few platonic male-female friendships on display in our culture that were at a loss even to define these relationships.A certain 1989 film starring
43、 Meg Ryan and Billy Crystal convinced a nation of moviegoers that romance always comes between men and women, making true friendship impossible. “When Harry Met Sally set the potential for male-female friendship back about 25 years,“ says Michael Monsour, Ph. D., assistant professor of communication
44、s at the University of Colorado at Denver and author of Women and Men as Friends: Relationships across the Life Span in the 21st Century. “Almost every time you see a male-female friendship, it winds up turning into romance.“In 1989, Don OMeara, Ph. D., a sociology professor at the University of Cin
45、cinnati-Raymond Walters College, published a landmark study in the journal Sex Roles on the top impediments to cross-sex friendship. Among several challenges he pointed out in his research, society may not be entirely ready for friendships between men and women that have no sexual subtext. People wi
46、th close friends of the opposite sex are often barraged with nudging, winking and skepticism: “Are you really just friends?“ This is especially true, says OMeara, of older adults, who grew up when men and women were off-limits to each other until marriage.31 What does the word “befriends“ (Line 3, P
47、ara. 1 ) most probably mean?（A）Stop being friends with.（B） Go on a date with.（C） Become friends with.（D）Have a fancy or particular liking or desire for.32 What do some relationship experts think about male-female friendships?（A）They can only be friends in the workplace.（B） Their friendships would fi
48、nally turn into romances.（C） It is totally possible that friendships exist between males and females.（D）Men and women cant be real friends.33 According to paragraph 3, why is it difficult for men and women to become “just“ friends?（A）Historically, it has been difficult to define this kind of relatio
49、nship.（B） It is not as common as same-sex friendships.（C） Men and women have different rules to act in a relationship.（D）There havent been enough rules and examples for cross-sex relationship.34 What is the main idea of paragraph 4?（A）The difficulties of cross-sex friendship stem partly from the media.（B） Movie and television have set different rules for men and women to interact.（C） Television has not helped to promote cross-sex friendships.（D）Some book authors play a negative role in people accepting cross-sex friendships.35 Which one of the
