1、考研英语模拟试卷 293 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Many countries will not allow cigarette advertising in their newspaper or on TV-especially 【1 】the advertisements are usually written
2、 with young people in mind. 【2】advertising, the tobacco companies have begun to 【3】sports events. They give money to football, motor racing, tennis and a number of 【4】sports 【5】condition that the name of the cigarette is 【6】This is now 【7】concern, because it does exactly 【8】many ads try to do-sugges
3、t that smoking has some connection 【9】being strong and athletic.In all this, the point of view of the non-smokers has to be 【10】as well: “3 wish smoker would stop 【11】the air. I wish I could eat in a restaurant 【12】having to smell cigarettes smoke.“ It has been 【13】that, in a room where a large numb
4、er of people are smoking, a non-smoker will breathe in the 【14】of two or three cigarettes during an evening. 【15】, non-smokers are now majority in many western countries. More and more people are giving up the habit, discouraged by high prices, influenced by 【16】advertising or just aware that smokin
5、g is no longer really a polite thing to do.Faced with lower sales, the western tobacco companies have begun to look outside their own countries. They have begun advertising 【17】to persuade young people in developing countries that smoking American or British or French cigarette is a sophisticated we
6、stern habit, which they should copy. As a result, more and more young people are spending 【18】 money they have on a product which the west recognizes 【19】unhealthy and no longer wants. The high number of young smokers in India, in South America and in South East Asia will become some of tomorrows 【2
7、0】.（A）that（B） when（C） where（D）since（A）In the place of（B） In place of（C） Besides（D）Except（A）promote（B） develop（C） sponsor（D）help（A）other（B） another（C） others（D）some（A）on（B） in（C） with（D）under（A）suggested（B） claimed（C） mentioned（D）declared（A）causing（B） making（C） giving（D）setting（A）that（B） which（C） as（
8、D）what（A）with（B） of（C） for（D）to（A）believed（B） thought（C） considered（D）regarded（A）damaging（B） spoiling（C） decaying（D）destroying（A）in spite of（B） rather than（C） because of（D）without（A）reported（B） calculated（C） said（D）believed（A）same（B） comparable（C） equal（D）equivalent（A）However（B） Actually（C） Then（D）S
9、o（A）non-smoking（B） no-smoking（C） anti-smoking（D）against smoking（A）struggles（B） fights（C） campaigns（D）battles（A）the little（B） a little（C） little（D）some little（A）by（B） for（C） as（D）with（A）difficulties（B） phenomena（C） problems（D）situationsPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the quest
10、ions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive.Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the ke
11、ys to successful international marketing. Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing results.Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising.General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced its C
12、hevrolet Nova to the Puerto Rican market. “Nova“ is Latin for “new (star)“ and means “star“ in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like “nova“, meaning “it doesnt go“. Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales “picked up“ dramat
13、ically.Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies. One American food companys friendly “Jolly Green Giant“ (for advertising vegetables) became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as “Intimidating Green Ogre“.When translated into German, Pepsis popu
14、lar slogan, “Come Alive with Pepsi“ came out implying “Come Alive from the Grave“. No wonder customers in Germany didnt rush out to buy Pepsi.Successful international marketing doesnt stop with good translationsother aspects of culture must be researched and understood if marketers are to avoid blun
15、ders.When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their target market.For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new perfume into the Latin American market but the product ar
16、oused little interest. The main reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in many South American countries.Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive to cultur
17、al distinctions.The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique called “back translation“ to reduce the possibility of blunders.The process used one person to translate a message into the target lang
18、uage and another to translate it back. Effective translators aim to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings.In designing advertisements for other countries, messages nee
19、d to be short and simple.They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another.21 The best title of this passage might be_.（A）Culture Is Very Important in Advertising（B） Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between Nations（C） Overcome Cult
20、ural Sock in Different Countries（D）Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles 22 What does the word “blunder“ mean in this passage?（A）hesitation（B） mistake（C） stutter（D）default 23 Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6?（A）Cultural shocks（B
21、） Faulty translations（C） Avoid cultural oversights（D）Prevent blunders 24 We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word “camellia“ most probably mean_.（A）an animal used in perfume for its smell（B） a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funerals（C） a flower used in perfume for its
22、fragrance and used for funerals（D）an ornament used in perfume and at funerals 25 One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to_.（A）fire the translators who dont know the target language（B） use the technique called “literal translation“ to reduce the possibility of blunders（C）
23、 avoid cultural oversights and avoid certain jokes（D）explain in details when designing advertisement for other countries 25 If there is one thing scientists have to hear, it is that the game is over. Raised on the belief of an endless voyage of discovery, they recoil from the suggestion that most of
24、 the best things have already been located. If they have, todays scientists can hope to contribute no more than a few grace notes to the symphony of science.A book to be published in Britain this week, The End of Science, argues persuasively that this is the case. Its author, John Horgan, is a senio
25、r writer for Scientific American magazine, who has interviewed many of todays leading scientists and science philosophers. The shock of realizing that science might be over came to him, he says, when he was talking to Oxford mathematician and physicist Sir Roger Penrose.The End of Science provoked a
26、 wave of denunciation in the United States last year. “The reaction has been one of complete shock and disbelief, “Mr. Horgan says.The real question is whether any remaining unsolved problems, of which there are plenty, lend themselves to universal solutions. If they do not, then the focus of scient
27、ific discovery is already narrowing. Since the triumphs of the 1960sthe genetic code, plate tectonics, and the microwave background radiation that went a long way towards proving the Big Banggenuine scientific revolutions have been scarce. More scientists are now alive, spending more money on resear
28、ch, that ever. Yet most of the great discoveries of the 19th and 20th centuries were made before the appearance of state sponsorship, when the scientific enterprise was a fraction of its present size.Were the scientists who made these discoveries brighter than todays? That seems unlikely. A far more
29、 reasonable explanation is that fundamental science has already entered a period of diminished returns. “Look, dont get me wrong,“ says Mr Horgan. “There are lots of important things still to study, and applied science and engineering can go on for ever. I hope we get a cure for cancer, and for ment
30、al disease, though there are few real signs of progress.“26 The sentence “most of the best things have already been located“ could mean_.（A）most of the best things have already been changed（B） most of the best things remain to be changed（C） there have never been so many best things waiting to be dis
31、covered（D）most secrets of the world have already been discovered 27 John Horgan_. . has published a book entitled The End of Science . has been working as an editor of Scientific American . has been working many years as a literary critic . is working as a science writer（A） and （B） （C） and （D）, and
32、28 There have not been many genuine scientific revolutions in the past few decades because_.（A）there have been decreased returns in the research of fundamental science（B） there are too many important things for scientists to study（C） applied science and engineering take up too much time and energy（D
33、）todays scientists are not as intelligent as those in the past 29 The term “the Big Bang“ probably refers to_.（A）the genetic code theory（B） a geological theory（C） a theory of the origin of the universe（D）the origin and the power of atomic energy 30 The best title of this passage can be_.（A）Great Sci
34、entific Discoveries Will Never Be Possible（B） The Harsh Challenge Has to Be Met by Modern Scientists（C） The State Sponsorship and Scientific Enterprise Are All in Vain（D）The Chance for Great Scientific Discoveries Becomes Scarce 30 When I was a kid, I never knew what my parentsor anyone elsesdid for
35、 a living. As far as 1 could tell, all grownups had mysterious jobs that involved drinking lots of coffee and arguing about Richard Nixon. If they had job-related stress, they kept it private. Now American families are expected to be more intimate. While this has resulted in a lot more hugs, “I love
36、 yous,“ and attendance at kids football games, unfortunately we parents also insist on sharing the frustrations of our work lives.While we have complained about our jobs or fallen asleep in car-pool lines, our children have been noticing. They are worried about us. A new survey, “Ask the children, “
37、conducted by the Families and Work Institute of New York City, queried more than 1, 000 kids between the ages of 8 and 18 about their parents work lives. “If you were granted one wish to change the way your parents work affected your life,“ the survey asked kids, “what would that wish be?“ Most pare
38、nts assumed that children would want more time with them, but only 10% did. Instead, the most common wish (among 34%) was that parents would be less stressed and tired by work.Allison Levin is the mother of three young children and a professional in the growing field of “work/life quality“. Levin co
39、unsels employees who are overwhelmed by their work and family obligations to carefully review their commitments-not only at the office but at home and in the community tooand start paring them down. “Its not about getting up earlier in the morning so you can get more done,“ she says. “Its about sayi
40、ng no and making choices.“We can start by leaving work, and thoughts of work, behind as soon as we start the trip home. Do something to get yourself in a good mood, like listening to music, rather than returning calls on the cell phone. When you get home, change out of your work clothes, let the ans
41、wering machine take your calls, and stay away from e-mail. When your kids ask about your day, tell them about something good that happened. (In the survey, 69% of morns said they liked their work, but only 42% of kids thought their mothers really did.)Parents can also de-stress by cutting back on th
42、eir childrens activities. If keeping up with your kids schedule is killing you, insist that he choose between karate lessons and the theater troupe. Parents should also sneak away from work and family occasionally to have some fun. I keep a basketball in the trunk of my can. I might never be able to
43、 fix everything at work or at home, but at least I can work on my jump shot.31 Which of the following sentences can be the best title of this passage?（A）Kids Say: Chill（B） Kids Stress Parents（C） Parents Complain about work（D）Parents Get in Good Mood 32 The author mentions her own childhood experienc
44、e to show that _.（A）she never understood why her parents had odd jobs and argued about the president（B） she didnt know what her parents did to earn money to support the family when she was young（C） she did understand why the American became more and more close and hugged a lot（D）she could see that t
45、he American parents keep the stress and tiredness from work to themselves 33 We can infer from the second paragraph that nowadays the children_.（A）are very anxious about their parents for their hard work（B） are looking forward to being with their parents（C） are very considerate about their parents（D
46、）are very ambitious to change their parents work 34 The phrase “paring them down“ in the third paragraph most likely means_.（A）gathering the work and family duties together（B） matching the work quality to life quality（C） decreasing the defeating commitments（D）denying to fulfill their work and family
47、 obligations 35 Which of the following is not the way to de-stress the parents heavy burden?（A）Forgetting about the job as soon as leaving the office.（B） Reducing participating the activities for the office.（C） Sharing with the children some happy experience.（D）Taking part more actively in community
48、 activities. 35 “High tech“ and “state of the art“ are two expressions that describe very modern technology. High tech is just a shorter way of saying high technology. And high technology describes any invention, system of device that uses the newest ideas or discoveries of science and engineering.W
49、hat is high tech? A computer is high tech. So is a communications satellite. A modern manufacturing system is surely high tech.High tech became a popular expression in the United States during the early 1980s. Because of improvements in technology, people could buy many new kinds of products in American stores, such as home computers, microwave ovens, etc.“State of the art“ is something that is as modern as possible. It is a product that is based on the very latest methods and techn
