1、考研英语模拟试卷 294 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 The history of AfricanAmericans during the past 400 years is traditionally narrated【1】an ongoing struggle against【2】and indifference
2、on the part of the American mainstream, and a struggle【3】as an upward movement is【4】toward ever more justice and opportunity.Technology in and of【5】is not at fault; its much too simple to say that gunpowder or agricultural machinery or fiber optics【6】been the enemy of an【7】group of people. A certain
3、 machine is put【8】work in a certain waythe purpose【9】which it was designed. The people who design the machines are not intent on unleashing chaos; they are usually trying to【10】a task more quickly, cleanly, or cheaply,【11】the imperative of innovation and efficiency that has ruled Western civilizatio
4、n【12】the Renaissance.Mastery of technology is second only【13】money as the true measure of accomplishment in this country, and it is very likely that by【14】this under-representation in the technological realm, and by not questioning and examining the folkways that have【15】it, blacks are allowing.【16】
5、to be kept out of the mainstream once again. This time, however, they will be【17】from the greatest cash engine of the twenty-first century. Inner-city blacks in particular are in danger, and the beautiful suburbs【18】ring the decay of Hartford, shed the past and learn to exist without contemplating o
6、r encountering the tragedy of the inner city.And blacks must change as well. The ways that【19】their ancestors through captivity and coming to freedom have begun to loose their utility. If blacks【20】to survive as full participants in this society, they have to understand what works now.（A）like（B） as（
7、C） for（D）with （A）charity（B） clarity（C） cohesion（D）oppression （A）charting（B） charts（C） charted（D）to chart （A）progressing（B） progressed（C） clutched（D）clutching （A）itself（B） themselves（C） ourselves（D）himself （A）have（B） to have（C） has（D）to has （A）entirely（B） enter（C） entire（D）entrance （A）for（B） off（C） o
8、n（D）at （A）for（B） to（C） with（D）before （A）envelop（B） accomplish（C） enveloping（D）accomplishing （A）followed（B） follows（C） to follow（D）following （A）since（B） on（C） in（D）at （A）before（B） to（C） with（D）from （A）to tolerate（B） tolerate（C） tolerated（D）tolerating （A）encountered（B） encountering（C） to encounter（D）e
9、ncounters （A）them（B） us（C） themselves（D）ourselves （A）excluding（B） included（C） including（D）excluded （A）where（B） that（C） how（D）what （A）servicing（B） encircle（C） encircling（D）served （A）is（B） were（C） are（D）have Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choos
10、ing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 More surprising, perhaps, than the current difficulties of traditional marriage is the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriving. As Skolnick notes, Americans are a marrying people: Relative to Europeans, more of us marry and we marry at a younger age. Moreover,
11、 aster a decline in the early 1970s, the rate of marriage in the United States is now increasing. Even the divorce rate needs to be taken in this pro-marriage context: some 80 percent of divorced individuals remarry. Thus, marriage remains, by far, the preferred way of life for the vast majority of
12、people in our society.What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family. Twenty-five years ago, the typical American family consisted of a husband, a wife, and two or three children. Now, there are many marriages in which couples have decided not to have any children. And there are many marr
13、iages where at least some of the children are from the wifes previous marriage, or the husbands, or both. Sometimes these children spend all of their time with one parent from the former marriage; sometimes they are shared between the two former spouses.Thus, one can find the very type of family arr
14、angement. There are marriages without children; marriages with children from only the present marriage; marriages with “full-time“ children from the present marriage and “part-time“ children from former marriages. There are step-fathers, step-mothers, half-brothers, and half-sisters. It is not all t
15、hat unusual for a child to have four parents and eight grandparents! These are enormous changes from the traditional nuclear family. But even so, even in the midst of all this, there remains one constant: Most Americans spend most of their adult lives married.21 By calling Americans marrying people
16、the author means that_.（A）Americans are more traditional than Europeans（B） Americans expect more out of marriage than Europeans（C） there are more married couples in U. S. A than in Europe（D）more of Americans, as compared with Europeans, prefer marriage and they accept it at a younger age 22 Divorced
17、 Americans_.（A）will most likely remarry（B） prefer the way they live（C） have lost faith in marriage（D）are the vast majority of people in the society 23 Which of the following can be presented as the picture of todays American families?（A）A typical American family consists of only a husband and a wife
18、.（B） Many types of family arrangements have become socially acceptable.（C） Americans prefer to have more kids than before.（D）There are no nuclear families any more. 24 “Part-time“ children_.（A）spend some of their time with their half-brothers and some of their time with their half-sisters（B） spend a
19、ll of their time with one parent from the previous marriage（C） are shared between the two former spouses（D）cannot stay with “full-time“ children 25 Even though great changes have taken place in the structure of American families, _.（A）the functions of marriage remain unchanged（B） most Americans pref
20、er a second marriage（C） the vast majority of Americans still have faith in marriage（D）all of the above 25 Lateral thinking, first described by Edward de Bono in 1967, is just a few years older than Edwards son. You might imagine that Caspar was raised to be an adventurous thinker, but the de Bono na
21、me was so famous, Caspars parents worried that any time he would say something bright at school, his teachers might snap, “Where do you get that idea from?“We had to be careful and not overdo it,“ Edward admits. Now Caspar is at Oxfordwhich once looked unlikely because he is also slightly dyslexic.
22、In fact, when he was applying to Oxford, none of his school teachers thought he had a chance. “So then we did several thinking sessions,“ his father says, “using my techniques and, when he went up for the exam, he did extremely well.“ Soon after, Edward de Bono decided to write his latest book, “Tea
23、ch Your Child How to Think“, in which he transforms the thinking skills he developed for brain-storming businessmen into informal exercises for parents and children to share.Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence, and everybody knows that children arent very l
24、ogical. So isnt it an uphill battle, trying to teach them to think? “You know,“ Edward de Bono says, “if you examine peoples thinking, it is quite unusual to find faults of logic. But the faults of perception are huge! Often we think ineffectively because we take too limited a view.“Teach Your Child
25、 How to Think“ offers lessons in perception improvement, of clearly seeing the implications of something you are saying and of exploring the alternatives. 26 What is TRUE about Caspar?（A）He is Edwards son.（B） He is an adventurous thinker.（C） He first described lateral thinking.（D）He is often scolded
26、 by his teacher. 27 Caspar succeeded in applying to Oxford because_.（A）he was careful and often overworked（B） all of his school teachers thought he had a chance（C） he used in the exam the techniques provided by his father（D）he read the book “Teach Your Child How to Think“ before the exam 28 It can b
27、e inferred from Paragraph 2 that Edward_.（A）was likely to improve childrens logic with his book（B） gave a description of lateral thinking several years after his son was born（C） was prompted to study lateral thinking because his son was slightly dyslexic（D）once taught businessmen how to think before
28、 he wrote for parents and children 29 According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements expresses Edward de Bonos view?（A）Everybody knows that children arent very logical.（B） It is an uphill battle trying to teach children to think.（C） We often think ineffectively because we take too limit
29、ed a view.（D）Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence. 30 Lateral thinking refers to the following EXCEPT_.（A）improving ones logic in thinking（B） improving ones perception in thinking（C） seeing the implications of what you are saying（D）exploring the alternatives
30、 for what you are saying 30 There are a number of formats for reporting research, such as articles to appear in journals, reports addressed to funding agencies, theses or dissertations as part of the requirements for university degrees, and papers to be presented at conferences. These formats differ
31、 from one another mostly in their purposes and the audiences whom they address. We will now briefly describe them.The journal article is a way of reporting research for professional journals or edited collections. The research is reporting in a brief, yet informative way, focusing mostly on the main
32、 features of the research such as the purpose, review of the literature (often referred to as “background“), procedures used for carrying out the research accompanied by tables, charts, and graphs, and interpretations of the results (often referred to as discussion).The content and emphasis of the j
33、ournal article will vary according to the intended readers (research or practitioners) and it is important for the researcher to be aware of the background and interest of the readers of the journal. Articles intended to be read by practitioners will emphasize the practical implications and recommen
34、dations of the research, while articles intended to be read by researchers will describe in detail the method used to collect data, the construction of data collection procedures, and the techniques used for analyzing the data It is important for the novice researcher to be aware of the fact that ar
35、ticles submitted to journals go through a process of evaluation by experts who make a judgment and recommend whether they should be published or not.The thesis or dissertation is a format for reporting research which graduate students write as part of fulfilling the requirements for an advanced acad
36、emic degree. The student is expected to describe in great detail all the phases of the research so it can be examined and evaluated carefully by the reader. Thus the thesis or dissertation includes the purpose and significance of the study, the rationale, a thorough review of the literature, detaile
37、d information as to the research tools and the procedures involved in their development, a description of data analysis and the results, and an interpretation of the results in the form of conclusions, implications, and recommendation. This detailed description of the process of the research is need
38、ed to provide the professors with an indication of the students ability to carry out research.The conference paper is a way of reporting research at conferences, seminars and colloquia. At such meetings research papers are usually presented orally. They are similar to the research article since rese
39、arch is reported in a concise, yet informative way, focusing on the most essential elements of the research. Handouts and transparencies can also accompany the presentations. As with the research article, here too, the content and emphasis of the oral report will depend to a large extent on the type
40、 of audience present at the meeting, and whether they are researchers or practitioners.31 The best title for this passage could be_.（A）Types of Research Reports（B） Types of Journal Articles（C） Writing of research Reports（D）Writing of Different Articles 32 The common aspect for the journal articles,
41、these and conference papers lies in that_.（A）they are all for the practitioners（B） they are all to be read by researchers（C） they are all for being published（D）they are all forms of reporting research 33 We can distinguish those research reports from each other mainly through_.（A）their writing style
42、 and length（B） their aims and possible audiences（C） their presented places and time（D）their content and purposes 34 Which of the following statements is not mentioned in this passage?（A）Both journal articles and conference papers are reported in a brief and informative way.（B） All the theses or diss
43、ertations and conference papers are reported in spoken languages.（C） Both the journal articles and conference papers are influenced greatly by the intended receivers.（D）The various formats of research reports may be presented in different ways. 35 How can a professor evaluate a students capability o
44、f implementing the research?（A）By concentrating on the main factors like the purpose, background, procedures and disscussion.（B） By emphasizing the practical implications and recommendations of the research.（C） By focusing on the detailed description of the process of the research such as the tools,
45、 procedures, the process of data analysis, the results, and conclusions etc.（D）By noticing the detailed method used to collect the data, the construction of the data collection procedures, the techniques for analyzing the date and results etc. 35 In 1998 consumers could purchase virtually anything o
46、ver the Internet. Books, compact discs, and even stocks were available from World Wide Web Sites that seemed to spring up almost daily. A few years earlier, some people had predicted that consumers accustomed to shopping in stores would be reluctant to buy things that they could not see or touch in
47、person. For a growing number of time-starved consumers, however, shopping from their home computer was proving to be a convenient alternative to driving to the store.A research estimated that in 1998 US consumers would purchase $ 7.3 billion of goods over the Internet, double the 1997 total. Finding
48、 a bargain was getting easier, owing to the rise of online auctions and Web sites that did comparison shopping on the Internet for the best deal.For all the consumer interest, retailing in cyberspace was still a largely unprofitable business, however. Internet pioneer Amazon. com, which began sellin
49、g books in 1995 and later branched into recorded music and videos, posted revenue of $153.7 million in the third quarter, up from $37.9 minion in the same period of 1997. Overall, however, the companys loss widened to $45.2 million from $9.6 million, and analysts did not expect the company to turn a profit until 2001. Despite the great loss, Amazon. com had a stock market value of many billions, reflecting investors optimism about the future of the industry.Internet retailing appealed to investors because it p
