1、考研英语模拟试卷 297 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 The basic function of money is the enable buying to be separated from selling, thus permitting trade to take place without the so-cal
2、led double coincidence of barter. If a person has something to sell and wants something else【1】return, it is not necessary to search for someone able and【2】 to make the desired exchange of items. The person can sell the【3】item for general purchasing power-that is, “money“-to anyone who wants to buy
3、it and then use the proceeds to buy the desired item from anyone who wants to sell it. The importance of this function of money is【4】illustrated by the experience of Germany just after World War II,【5】paper money was【6】largely useless because, despite inflationary conditions, price controls were eff
4、ectively【7】by the American, French, and British armies of occupation. People had to【8】to barter or to inefficient money substitutes. The result was to cut total output of the economy in half. The German “economic miracle“ just after 1948 reflected partly a currency reform by the occupation authoriti
5、es,【9】some economists hold that it stemmed primarily from the German governments【10 】of all price controls,【11 】. permitting a money economy to【12】a barter economy.【13】of the act of sale from the act of purchase 【14】the existence of something that will be generally accepted in payment-this is the “【
6、15】of exchange“ function of money. But there must also be something that can serve as a【16】abode of purchasing power, in which the seller holds the proceeds in the interim【17】 the first sale and the【18】purchase, or from which the buyer can【19】the general purchasing power with which to pay【20】what is
7、 bought. This is the “asset“ function of money. （A）on（B） in（C） by（D）for（A）capable（B） likely（C） desirable（D）willing（A）excess（B） extra（C） surplus（D）ample（A）dramatically（B） urgently（C） faithfully（D）incidentally（A）when（B） before（C） since（D）until（A）developed（B） reserved（C） rendered（D）imagined （A）encourag
8、ed（B） enlarged（C） endured（D）enforced（A）conform（B） resort（C） commit（D）gear（A）and（B） but（C） therefore（D）however（A）deprivation（B） stimulation（C） elimination（D）restriction（A）thereby（B） therefore（C） then（D）while（A）alternate（B） establish（C） substitute（D）replace（A）Introduction（B） Specification（C） Represent
9、ation（D）Separation（A）assumes（B） requires（C） focuses（D）undertakes（A）medium（B） function（C） role（D）nature（A）fashionable（B） tavorable（C） temporary（D）token（A）both（B） for（C） between（D）after（A）consequent（B） relevant（C） inadequate（D）subsequent（A）execute（B） extract（C） exceed（D）exchange（A）for（B） off（C） back（D
10、）inPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Henric Ibsen, author of the play “ A Dolls House” , in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandons her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have
11、approved. From January 1st, 2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors are women. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003. But about 75 out of the 480 or so companies it affects are still too male for the governments liking.
12、 They will shortly receive a letter informing them that they have until the end of February to act, or face the legal consequences which could include being dissolved.Before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in Norway were female, according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity. The nu
13、mber has since jumped to 36%. That is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across Europe or Americas 15% for the Fortune 500. Norways stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen.” I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle,” say
14、s Sverre Munck, head of international operations at a media firm. “ Board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience,” he says. Several firms have even given up their public status in order to escape the new law.Companies have had to recruit about 1,000
15、women in four years. Many complain that it has been difficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the “ golden skirts” . One reason for the scarcity is that there ar
16、e fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies they occupy around 15% of senior positions. It has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with enough experience.Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women qui
17、et on boards, and that in turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors. “Women feel more compelled than men to do their homework,” says Ms. Reksten Skaugen, who was voted Nor
18、ways chairman of the year for 2007.21 The author mentions Ibsens play in the first paragraph in order to（A）depict womens dilemma at work.（B） explain the newly passed law.（C） support Norwegian government.（D）introduce the topic under discussion. 22 A public company that fails to obey the new law could
19、 be forced to（A）pay a heavy fine.（B） close down its business.（C） change into a private business.（D）sign a document promising to act. 23 To which of the following is Sverre Munck most likely to agree?（A）A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable.（B） A reasonable quota for women at work needs to
20、be set.（C） A common principle should be followed by all companies.（D）An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law. 24 The author attributes the phenomenon of “golden skirts” to（A）the small number of qualified females in management.（B） the over-recruitment of female managers in public c
21、ompanies.（C） the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positions.（D）the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles. 25 The main idea of the text might be（A）female power and liberation in Norway.（B） the significance of Henric Ibsens play.（C） womens status in Norwegian firms.（
22、D）the constitution of board members in Norway. 25 Du Bois was a sociological and educational pioneer who challenged the established system of education that tended to restrict rather than to advance the progress of black Americans. He challenged what is called the “Tuskegee machine” of Booker T. Was
23、hington, the leading educational spokesperson of the blacks in the U. S. . As a sociologist and historian, Du Bois called for a more determined and activist leadership than Washington provided.Unlike Washington, whose roots were in southern black agriculture, Du Boiss career spanned both sides of th
24、e Mason-Dixon Line. He was a native of Massachusetts, received his undergraduate education from Fisk University in Nashville, did his graduate study at Harvard University, and directed the Atlanta University Studies of Black American Life in the South. Du Bois approached the problem of racial relati
25、ons in the United States from two dimensions: as a scholarly researcher and as an activist for civil rights. Among his works was the famous empirical sociological study, The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study, in which he examined that citys black population and made recommendations for the school s
26、ystem. Du Boiss Philadelphia study was the pioneer work on urban blacks in America.Du Bois had a long and active career as a leader in the civil rights movement. He helped to organize the Niagara Movement in 1905, which led to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), e
27、stablished in 1909. From 1910 until 1934, Du Bois edited The Crisis, the major journal of the NAACP. In terms of its educational policy, the NAACP position was that all American children and youth should have genuine equality of educational opportunity. This policy, which Du Bois helped to formulate
28、, stressed the following themes: (1) public schooling should be free and compulsory for all American children; (2) secondary schooling should be provided for all youth; (3) higher education should not be monopolized by any special class or race.As a leader in education, Du Bois challenged not only t
29、he tradition of racial segregation in the schools but also the accommodationist ideology of Booker T. Washington. The major difference between the two men was that Washington sought change that was evolutionary in nature and did not upset the social order, whereas Du Bois demanded immediate change.
30、Du Bois believed in educated leadership for blacks, and he developed a concept referred to as the “talented tenth”, according to which 10 percent of the black population would receive a traditional college education in preparation for leadership.26 The phrase “Tuskegee machine” (Line 3, Para. 1) mos
31、t probably refers to（A）the established educational system.（B） a kind of tool.（C） the thoughts of Booker T. Washington.（D）the supporters of Booker T. Washington. 27 Which of the following is most likely Du Boiss belief?（A）The blacks have a priority in terms of education.（B） Higher education should be
32、 free for all races.（C） Everyone has an equal right to education.（D）Development in education should be gradual. 28 Which of the following statements is true according to the text?（A）Washington would not appreciate the idea of overthrowing social order.（B） Racial separation is an outcome of accommoda
33、tionist ideology.（C） Washington would support a determined and activist leadership.（D）The Philadelphia Negro is a book on blacks in American South. 29 Compared with Booker T. Washington, Du Boiss stance was（A）less popular.（B） more radical.（C） less aggressive.（D）more conservative. 30 It can be inferr
34、ed from the last paragraph that（A）many blacks were prepared for leadership.（B） Du Bois was in favor of “elite education” for blacks.（C） Washington and Du Bois had never been friends.（D）only the top 10 percent were worth educating. 30 The protection of cultural diversity from a political and economic
35、 point of view in fact became pressing with globalization, which is characterized by the liberalization on a large scale of economic and commercial exchange, and thus, what has been called the commodification of culture. It has been noted, for instance, that over the past 20 years, trade in cultural
36、 goods has quadrupled and the new international rules (WTO, OECD) on trade are increasingly removing State support and protection measures in favour of national goods and services in the name of market freedom and free trade.For those in favour of the promotion of cultural diversity, which includes
37、Canada, France and the Group of 77 (group of developing countries), the aim is above all to obtain from the United States the guarantee that the “Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions”, signed by UNESCO in November 2005, would not be subordinated to inte
38、rnational trade instruments. Indeed, for the United States and other supporters of free trade, the convention is a had idea and the measures referred to above stem quite simply from an interventionist conception of the State which is not likely to favour the market. Subsidies to cultural enterprises
39、, the imposition of broadcast quotas and restrictions on foreign ownership of the media would, for them, interfere with the natural development of the market. In addition, even though it is not official, the convention on cultural diversity is for many Americans an attempt to undermine the global su
40、premacy of their audiovisual industries.If the general understanding of cultural diversity is based mainly on binary distinctions such as modern culture/local culture, the reality of cultural diversity is not binary, but stems from respect for and acceptance of differences, dialogue, and the quest f
41、or shared values, in order to leave behind the monologism that is a feature of the information society.In this setting, diversity is consequently a way of approaching the structure of how we live together, based on the acceptance of a plural vision of the world. We can see then that cultural diversi
42、ty is perceived here as the integration, rather than the superposition or juxtaposition of cultures and that the information society in which it is expressed is above all a society of shared knowledge.31 The commodification of culture is a feature of（A）cultural diversity.（B） globalization.（C） intern
43、ational trade.（D）information technology. 32 According to the text, WTO（A）is in favour of national cultural products.（B） is harmful to cultural diversity.（C） is to ensure the survival of cultural diversity.（D）is to make decisions on culture. 33 What is the first task of the advocators of cultural div
44、ersity?（A）To negotiate with the United States of America.（B） To revise some of the articles of WTO.（C） To subordinate the Convention to WTO and others.（D）To avoid the influence of information technology. 34 The Americans believe that hidden behind the claims of cultural diversity（A）is a bad idea to
45、harm the free market.（B） is an interventionist conception of the State.（C） is an intention to beat their culture industries.（D）is an attempt to undermine the WTO. 35 Cultural diversity actually needs an information society which（A）commodificates cultures.（B） has a dominant culture.（C） favours the fr
46、ee trade.（D）shares knowledge. 35 If phone calls and web pages can be beamed through the air to portable devices, then why not electrical power, too? It is a question many consumers and device manufacturers have been asking themselves for some time. But to seasoned observers of the electronics indust
47、ry, the promise of wireless recharging sounds depressingly familiar. In 2004 Splashpower, a British technology firm, was citing “very strong” interest from consumer-electronics firms for its wireless charging pad. Based on the principle of electromagnetic induction (EMI) that Faraday had discovered
48、in the 19th century, the companys “Splashpad” contained a coil that generated a magnetic field when a current flowed through it. When a mobile device containing a corresponding coil was brought near the pad, the process was reversed as the magnetic field generated a current in the second coil, charg
49、ing the device s battery without the use of wires. Unfortunately, although Faradays principles of electromagnetic induction have stood the test of time, Splashpower has not it was declared bankrupt last year without having launched a single product.Thanks to its simplicity .and measurability, electromagnetic induction is still the technology of choice among many of the remaining companies in the wireless-charging arena. But, as Splashpower found, turning the theory into profitable practice is not straightforward. But lately there have been some promising deve
