1、考研英语模拟试卷 298 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Low levels of literacy and numeracy have a damaging impact on almost every aspect of adults, according to a survey published yesterda
2、y, which offers【1】of a developing underclass. Tests and【2】with hundreds of people born in a week in 1958 graphically illustrated the【3】of educational underachievement. The effects can be seen in unemployment, family【4】, low incomes, depression and social inactivity.Those who left school at 16 with p
3、oor basic skills had been employed for up to four years less than good readers【5】they reached 37. Professor John Bynner, of City University, who carried the research, said that todays【6】teenagers would even encounter greater problems because the supply of【7】jobs had shrunk.Almost one fifth of the 1,
4、700 people interviewed for yesterdays report had poor literacy and almost half【8】with innumeracy, a proportion【9】other surveys for the Basic Skills Agency. Some could not read a childs book, and most found difficult【10】written instruction.Poor readers were twice as likely to be a low wage and four t
5、imes likely to live in a household where partners worked. Women in this【11】were five times as likely to be【12】depressed,【13】both tended to feel they had no control over their lives, and to trust others【14】.Those who had low literacy and numeracy were seldom【15】in any community organization and less
6、likely than others to【16】in a general election. There had been no【17】in the literary level of【18】reporting problems.Alan Wells, the agencys director, said: “ The results emphasize the dangers of developing an underclass people, who were out of work,【19】depressed and often labeled themselves as【20】.
7、There is a circle of marginalization, with the dice against these people and their families.” （A）proof（B） witness（C） testimony（D）evidence （A）investigations（B） interviews（C） conferences（D）communications （A）defect（B） backwardness（C） handicap（D）scarcity （A）breakdown（B） breakout（C） breakaway（D）breakin （
8、A）the time（B） the instant（C） the moment（D）the point （A）illiterate（B） suffering（C） poor（D）unqualified （A）skilled（B） mental（C） manual（D）mechanical （A）struggled（B） faced（C） encountered（D）confronted （A）in light of（B） in line with（C） in case of（D）in time of （A）translating（B） complying（C） following（D）obey
9、ing （A）post（B） condition（C） status（D）position （A）classified（B） thought（C） believed（D）labeled （A）and（B） while（C） for（D）but （A）more（B） much（C） less（D）little （A）revolved（B） dissolved（C） resolved（D）involved （A）claim（B） join（C） vote（D）win （A）improvement（B） advancement（C） development（D）increase （A）employe
10、es（B） interviewees（C） participant（D）researchers （A）hardly（B） seriously（C） increasingly（D）potentially （A）failures（B） winners（C） successors（D）patients Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 From the health point of
11、view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous disease. A large number of once fatal illness can now be found for the most stubborn remaining disease. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long
12、and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of them, women and children on the roads Man versus the motor-car! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing Thousand of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly si
13、tting back and letting it happen. It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his ear becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a mans very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become un
14、recognizable when they are behind steering wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.The surprising thing is that the soc
15、iety smiles so gently on the motorist and seems to forgive his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a sta
16、tistic, to be conveniently forgotten It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dr
17、amatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some of the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made for more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people ar
18、e allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through strict annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a persons driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be made much stricter.
19、 Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should he banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should
20、 be considered as too severe if it results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings not for motor-cars. 21 The main idea of this passage is_.（A）traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists（B） thousands of people the world over are killed each year（C） th
21、e laws of some countries about driving are too lax（D）only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents 22 What does the author think of society toward motorists?（A）Society criticizes the motorists severely.（B） Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns.（C） Society overlooks their rude driving.（
22、D）Victims of accidents are nothing. 23 Why does the author say: “his car becomes the extension of his personality“?（A）Driving can show his real self.（B） Driving can show the other part of his personality.（C） Driving can bring out his character.（D）His car embodies his temper. 24 Which of the followin
23、gs is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents?（A）Build more highways.（B） Stricter driving tests.（C） Test drivers every three year.（D）Raise age limit and lay down safety specifications. 25 The attitude of the author is_.（A）ironical（B） critical（C） appealing（D）militant 25 A proven method for e
24、ffective textbook reading is the SQ3R method developed by Francis Robinson. The first step is to survey (the S step) the chapter by reading the title, introduction, section headings, summary and by studying any graphs, tables, illustrations or charts. The purpose of this step is to get an overview o
25、f the chapter so that you will know before you read what it will be about. In the second step (the Q step), for each section you ask yourself questions such as “What do I already know about this topic?“ and “What do I want to know?“ In this step you also take the section heading and turn it into a q
26、uestion. This step gives you a purpose for reading the section. The third step (the first of the 3 Rs) is to read to find the answer to your questions. Then at the end of each section, before going on to the next section, you recite (the second of the 3 Rs) the answers to the questions that you form
27、ed in the question step. When you recite you should say the information you want to learn out loud in your own words. The fifth step is done after you have completed steps 2, 3 and 4 for each section. You review (the last of the 3 Rs) the entire chapter. The review is done much as the survey was in
28、the first step. As you review, hold a mental conversation with yourself as you recite the information you selected as important to learn. The mental conversation could take the form of asking and answering the questions fromed from the headings or reading the summary, which lists the main ideas in t
29、he chapter, and trying to fill in the details for each main idea.26 The passage implies that the SQ3R method_.（A）needs to be proven（B） leaves much to he desired（C） turns out to be practicable（D）cannot be used by every reader 27 The SQ3R method consists of_steps.（A）three（B） four（C） five（D）seven 28 Ac
30、cording to the passage, the first step helps the readers_.（A）read first several paragraphs（B） scan the whole chapter（C） study the graphs（D）get the theme of the chapter 29 Which of the following is the fourth step?（A）To question yourself.（B） To read for information.（C） To utter your answers.（D）To dra
31、w a conclusion. 30 Which of the following statements is true?（A）In the last step, you should remember all the information.（B） When you finish the last step, you will get both the main idea and the details.（C） The mental conversation involves answering the questions asked by the author.（D）While you a
32、re holding a mental conversation you select the important information. 30 All animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to this question seems obvious. If an animal regularly stops its activities and stays quiet and unmovingif it looks as though it is sleepingthen why not
33、 simply assume that it is in fact sleeping? But how can observers be sure that an animal is sleeping?They can watch the animal and notice whether its eyes are open or closed, whether it is active or lying quietly, and whether it responds to light or sound. These factors are important clues, but they
34、 often are not enough. Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes, and fish and snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necessarily mean that they do not sleep. Have you ever seen a cat dozing with an eye partly open? Even humans have occasionally been observed to sleep with one or bo
35、th eyes partially open. Animals do not necessarily lie down to sleep either. Elephants, for example, often sleep standing up, with their tusks resting in the fork of a tree. Finally, while “sleeping“ animals often seem unaware of changes in the sounds and light and other stimuli around them, that do
36、es not really prove they are sleeping either.Observations of animal behavior alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals sleep. The answers come from doing experiments in “sleep laboratories“ using a machine called the electroencephalograph (EEC). The machine is connected to ani
37、mals and measures their brain signals, breathing, heartbeat, and muscle activity. The measurements are different when the animals appear to be sleeping than when they appear to be awake. Using the EEC, scientists have confirmed that all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do sleep. There is so
38、me evidence that reptiles, such as snakes and turtles, do not truly sleep, although they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are quiet and unmoving. They also have discovered that some animals, like chimpanzees, cats, and moles (who live underground), are good sleepers while others, like
39、 sheep, goats, and donkeys, are poor sleepers. Interestingly, the good sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from their enemies. Nearly all the poor sleepers are animals hunted by other animals: they must always be watching for enemies, even when they are resting.31 Accor
40、ding to the author, all animals_.（A）spend some time resting（B） close their eyes when sleeping（C） are good sleepers（D）are poor sleepers 32 The statement, “Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes“ aims to show that_.（A）these animals rarely need any rest（B） they almost always keep alert t
41、o danger（C） they often stay awake（D）their eyes are rarely closed even when they are asleep 33 How can researchers in “sleep laboratories“ tell that the animals they are observing are asleep or not?（A）They see if the animals respond to light and sound.（B） They do this by observing changes in the anim
42、als brain signals, breathing, heartbeat, and muscle activity.（C） They see if the animals eyes are closed.（D）They can tell this by seeing if the animals lie down or not. 34 According to the research findings mentioned in the passage, reptiles_.（A）such as turtles and snakes cannot close their eyes（B）
43、cannot be studied with an EEC（C） do not sleep in the true sense of the word（D）do not need to rest 35 Animals that are good sleepers_.（A）need to have a good sleep after they have exhausted themselves by getting rid of hunting animals（B） need to have a good sleep after they get tired from hunting othe
44、r animals（C） are all mammals（D）almost always have a safe resting place 35 Astronaut Jim Voss has enjoyed many memorable moments in his career, including three space flights and one space walk. But he recalls with special fondness a decidedly earthbound experience in the summer of 1980, when he parti
45、cipated in the NASA-AS-EE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. Voss, then a science teacher at West Point, was assigned to the Marshall Space Flight Centers propulsion lab in Alabama to analyze why a hydraulic fuel pump seal on the space shuttle was working so well when previous seals had failed. It w
46、as a seemingly tiny problem among the vast complexities of running the space program. Yet it was important to NASA because any crack in the seals could have led to destructive results for the astronauts who relied on them.“I worked a bit with NASA engineers,“ says Voss, “but I did it mostly by analy
47、sis. I used a handheld calculator, not a computer, to do a thermodynamic analysis. “At the end of the summer, he, like the other NASA-ASEE fellows working at Marshall, summarized his findings in a formal presentation and detailed paper. It was a valuable moment for Voss because the ASEE program gave
48、 him added understanding of NASA, deepened his desire to fly in space, and intensified his application for astronaut status.It was not an easy process. Voss was actually passed over when he first applied for the astronaut program in 1978. Over the next nine years he reapplied repeatedly, and was fin
49、ally accepted in 1987. Since then he has participated in three space missions. The 50-year-old Army officer, who lives in Houston, is now in training for a four-month mission as a crew member on the International Space Station starting in July 2000.Voss says the ASEE program is wonderful for all involved. “It brings in people from the academic world and gives NASA a special property for a particular period of time. It brings some fresh eyes and fresh ideas to NASA, and establishes link with our colleges and universities,“ Vo
