1、考研英语模拟试卷 299 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Its all annual back-to-school routine. One morning you wave goodbye, and that【1】evening youre burning the late-night oil in sympathy.
2、 In the race to improve educational standards,【2】are throwing the books at kids. 【3】elementary school students are complaining of homework【4】Whats a well-meaning parent to do?As hard as【5】may he, sit back and chill, experts advise. Though youve got to get them to do it,【6】helping too much, or even e
3、xamining【7】too carefully, you may keep them【8 】doing it by themselves. “I wouldnt advise a parent to check every【 9】assignment,“ says psychologist John Rosemond, author of Ending the Tough Homework. “Theres a【10 】of appreciation for trial and error. Let your children【11】the grade they deserve. “ Man
4、y experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their【12】. But “you dont want them to feel it has to be【13】,“ she says.Thats not to say parents should【14】homework-first, they should monitor how much homework their kids【15】 . Thirty minutes a day
5、 in the early elementary years and an hour in【16】four, five, and six is standard, says Rosemond. For junior-high students it should be “【17】more than an hour and a half,“ and two for high school students. If your child【18 】has more homework than this, you may want to check【19】other parents and then
6、talk to the teacher about【20】assignments.（A）very（B） exact（C） right（D）usual （A）officials（B） parents（C） experts（D）schools （A）Also（B） Even（C） Then（D）However （A）fatigue（B） confusion（C） duty（D）puzzle （A）there（B） we（C） they（D）it （A）via（B） under（C） by（D）for （A）questions（B） answers（C） standards（D）rules （A）o
7、ff（B） without（C） beyond（D）from （A）single（B） piece（C） page（D）other （A）drop（B） short（C） cut（D）lack （A）acquire（B） earn（C） gather（D）reach （A）exercises（B） defects（C） mistakes（D）tests （A）perfect（B） better（C） unusual（D）complete （A）forget（B） refuse（C） miss（D）ignore （A）have（B） prepare（C） make（D）perform （A）cl
8、asses（B） groups（C） grades（D）terms （A）about（B） no（C） much（D）few （A）previously（B） rarely（C） merely（D）consistently （A）with（B） in（C） out（D）up （A）finishing（B） lowering（C） reducing（D）declining Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (
9、40 points)20 The unknown pervades the universe. That which people can see, with the aid of various sorts of telescope, accounts for just 4% of the total mass. The rest, however, must exist. Without it, galaxies would not survive and the universe would not be gently expanding, as witnessed by astrono
10、mers. What exactly constitutes this dark matter and dark energy remains mysterious, but physicists have recently uncovered some more clues, about the former, at least.One possible explanation for dark matter is a group of subatomic particles called neutrinos. Neutrinos are thought to be the most abu
11、ndant particles in the universe. According to the Standard Model, the most successful description of particle physics to date, neutrinos come in three varieties, called “flavors“. Again, according to the Standard Model, they are point-like, electrically neutral and massless. But in recent years, thi
12、s view has been challenged, as physicists realized that neutrinos might have mass.The first strong evidence came in 1998, when researchers at an experiment, based in Japan, showed that muon neutrinos produced by cosmic rays hitting the upper atmosphere had gone missing by the time they should have r
13、eached an underground detector. Its operators suspect that the missing muon neutrinos had changed flavor, becoming electron neutrinos or-more likely-tau neutrinos. Theo- ry suggests that this process, called oscillation, can happen only if neutrinos have mass.Over the coming months and years, resear
14、chers hope to produce the most accurate measurements yet. The researchers created a beam of muon neutrinos first. On the other side of the target sat a particle detector that monitored the number of muon neutrinos leaving. The neutrinos then travelled 750km (450 miles) through the Earth to a detecto
15、r in a former iron mine in Soudan, Minnesota. Researchers then were able to confirm that a significant number of muon neutrinos had disappeared-that is, they had changed flavor. While their mass is so small that neutrinos cannot be the sole constituent of dark matter, they have an advantage in that
16、they are at least known to exist.The same cannot be said for sure of another possible form of dark matter being studied by a group of physicists in Italy. If the result continues to withstand scrutiny, it would appear to be evidence for an exotic new sort of fundamental particle, known as an axion,
17、which could also be a type of dark matter.21 What does the word “pervades“(Line 1, Para. 1) mean?（A）Be of higher rank or authority.（B） To spread through the whole extent of.（C） To gain the victory or superiority.（D）To make something come true.22 What aspect about neutrinos has been questioned in rec
18、ent years?（A）Neutrinos are in the shape of points.（B） There are altogether three different varieties of Neutrinos.（C） Neutrinos do not have any mass.（D）Neutrinos are the most abundant particles in the universe.23 How should we understand the process of oscillation?（A）Cosmic rays are used to produce
19、muon neutrinos.（B） Muon neutrinos went missing during experiments.（C） Cosmic rays hit the upper atmosphere.（D）One flavor of neutrinos is changed into another one.24 Which one of the following is NOT true about the experiment mentioned in Paragraph 4 ?（A）It can be used to confirm previous suspects ab
20、out neutrinos.（B） The number of muon neutrinos changed in the process of the experiment.（C） A more accurate number can be put on the mass of neutrinos based on this experiment.（D）The result of the experiment contradicts that in 1998.25 Which one of the following statements is true about axion?（A）It
21、is known for sure to exist although not enough evidence is available.（B） It is another possible constituent of dark matter.（C） The search for hypothetical particle has failed so far.（D）If successful, experiment will prove it to be the sole form of dark matter.25 Love is probably the best antidepress
22、ant there is because one of the most common sources of depression is feeling unloved. Most depressed people dont love themselves and they do not feel loved by others. They also are very self-focused, making them less attractive to others and depriving them of opportunities to learn the skills of lov
23、e. There is a mythology in our culture that love just happens. As a result, the depressed often sit around passively waiting for someone to love them. But love doesnt work that way. To get love and keep love you have to go out and be active and learn a variety of specific skills.Most of us get our i
24、deas of love from popular culture. We come to believe that love is something that sweeps us off our feet. But the pop-culture ideal of love consists of unrealistic images created for entertainment, which is one reason so many of us are set up to be depressed. Its part of our national vulnerability,
25、like eating junk food, constantly stimulated by images of instant gratification. We think it is love when its simply distraction and infatuation. One consequence is that when we hit real love we become upset and disappointed because there are many things that do not fit the cultural ideal.Limerance
26、is the psychological state of deep infatuation. It feels good but rarely lasts. Limerance is that first stage of mad attraction whereby all the hormones are flowing and things feel so right. Limerance lasts, on average, six months. It can progress to love. Love mostly starts out as limerance, but li
27、merance doesnt always evolve into love.Love is a learned skill, not something that comes from hormones or emotion particularly. Erich Fromm called it “an act of will. “ If you dont learn the skills of love you virtually guarantee that you will be depressed, not only because you will not be connected
28、 enough, but because you will have many failure experiences.There are always core differences between two people, no matter how good or close you are, and if the relationship is going right those differences surface. The issue then is to identify the differences and negotiate them so that they dont
29、distance you or kill the relationship. You do that by understanding where the other person is coming from, who that person is, and by being able to represent yourself. When the differences are known you must be able to negotiate and compromise on them until you find a common ground that works for bo
30、th. 26 The mythology that “love just happens“ means that_.（A）love will come as you are waiting for it（B） it is rare that one can find real love（C） people always actively seek love（D）giving and getting is just in love27 According to the passage, why are we still upset and disappointed when love comes
31、?（A）We think it is not real love.（B） We find love is actually very unrealistic.（C） We become more vulnerable in love.（D）We find it is different from the ideal “love“ concept in our mind.28 Which one of the following statements is true about the relationship between limerance and love?（A）Limerance la
32、sts for a long time while love does not.（B） Limerance is so different that it can never become real love.（C） Limerance is usually the starting point of love.（D）Love is real while limerance is not.29 Erich Fromm called love “an act of will“ because_.（A）you have to wait to get love（B） love is somethin
33、g you can get when you want（C） love is a skill you have to learn（D）you can only get love after many failures30 What is the suggestion given by the author in this passage about the core differences between two people?（A）To find out the differences and talk about them.（B） To avoid talking about the di
34、fferences.（C） To change differences into similarities.（D）To pretend that differences do not exist.30 Major life changes may play a role in as many as a quarter of chronic daily headache cases that arise among otherwise healthy adult men and women, study findings suggest. “Major life events may preci
35、pitate or co-occur with the development of chronic daily headaches,“ Dr. Ann I. Scher said. Major life changes literally shake up our world, and invite or pressure us to interact with life in new ways. To grow, we need to change our belief systems to allow for new levels of thinking and performance.
36、Scher, of Uniformed Services University, in Bethesda, Maryland, and colleagues assessed re ports of major life changes among 206 men and women who met criteria for chronic daily headache (180 or more headache days per year). They assessed similar reports from 507 men and women with “episodic“ headac
37、he (2 to 104 headache days per year).The investigators assessed changes in work, marital status, childrens status, or residence; as well as deaths of family or close friends. They also inquired about self-defined “extremely stressful situations,“ such as financial problems, an ongoing individual ill
38、ness or that of a family member, or an ongoing abusive relationship. Compared with men and women with episodic headache, men and women with chronic daily headache were more likely to have experienced major life events in the 2-year period prior to the onset of their headache condition, the researche
39、rs report in the medical journal Cephalalgia.The strongest predictor of chronic daily headache was an ongoing extremely stressful situation. The researchers also noted a higher proportion of chronic daily headache among people 40 years and older. In this group, “a change in work status was related t
40、o increased risk for chronic daily headache, while in contrast, those younger than 40 years showed a decreased risk for chronic daily headache after a job change,“ Scher told Reuters Health.These findings are generally consistent with prior research related to other chronic pain conditions, the inve
41、stigators note. “Our finding that the relationship may be stronger for those older than 40 was an interesting, but secondary, finding that should be replicated in other samples,“ Scher said.31 What does the word “precipitate“ most probably mean?（A）To cause something to happen.（B） To prevent somethin
42、g from happening.（C） To predict something to happen.（D）To prepare for something to happen.32 From the passage, we know that chronic daily headache refers to_.（A）lasting experience of headache over the year（B） headache experienced for more than 30 days per year（C） headache that cause serious psycholo
43、gical problems（D）headache related to work issues33 What is the most important difference between those with chronic daily headache and with episodic headache?（A）The former ones are usually single while the later married.（B） The former ones usually experienced some pretty huge changes in life.（C） The
44、 former ones usually live in cities while the later in rural areas.（D）The former ones are usually working while the later unemployed.34 What is the most important element to predict chronic daily headache?（A）The experience of severe pressure.（B） An age of over 40 years old.（C） Too many job changes i
45、n the past.（D）The problems related to children.35 From the passage, we know that the findings in this passage_previous ones.（A）confirm（B） contradict with（C） cast doubt on（D）are exactly the same with35 Florence Nightingale is most remembered as a pioneer of nursing and a reformer of hospital sanitati
46、on methods. For most of her ninety years, Nightingale pushed for reform of the British military health-care system and with that the profession of nursing started to gain the respect it deserved. Unknown to many, however, was her use of new techniques, of statistical analysis, such as during the Cri
47、mean War when she plotted the incidence of preventable deaths in the military. She developed a method to prevent the needless deaths caused by unsanitary conditions and the need for reform. With her analysis, Florence Nightingale revolutionized the idea that social phenomena could be objectively mea
48、sured and subjected to mathematical analysis. She was an innovator in the collection, interpretation, and display of statistics.Florence Nightingales two greatest life achievements-pioneering of nursing and the reform of hospitals-were amazing considering that most Victorian women of her age group d
49、id not attend universities or pursue professional careers. It was her father, William Nightingale, who believed women, especially his children, should get an education. So Nightingale and her sister learned Italian, Latin, Greek, history, and mathematics. She in particular received excellent early preparation in mathematics.During Nightingales time at Scutari, she collected data and systematized record-keeping practices. Nightingale was able to use the data as a tool for improving city and military hospitals. Nightingales calculations of the de
