1、考研英语模拟试卷 305 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 The first man who cooked his food, instead of eating it raw, lived so long ago that we have no idea who he was or where he lived. We
2、do know, however, that【1】thousands of years food was always eaten cold and【2】. Perhaps the cooked food was heated accidentally by a【3】fire or by the melted lava from an erupting【4】. When people first tasted food that had been cooked, they found it tasted better. However,【5 】after this discover, cook
3、ed food must have remained a rarity【6】man learned how to make and light【7】.Primitive men who lived in hot regions could depend on the heat of the sun【8】their food. For example, in the desert【9】of the southwestern. United States, the Indians cooked their food by【10】it on a flat 【11】in the hot sun. Th
4、ey cooked piece of meat and thin cakes of com meal in this【12】. We surmise that the earliest kitchen【13】was stick【14】which a piece of meat could be attached and held over a fire. Later this stick was【15 】by an iron rod or spit which could be turned frequently to cook the meat【16】all sides.Cooking fo
5、od in water was【17】before man learned to make water containers that could not be【18】by fire. The【19】cooking pots were reed or grass baskets in which soups, and stews could be cooked. As early as 166 B. C, the Egyptians had learned to make【20】permanent cooking pots out of sand stone. Many years later
6、, the Eskimos learned to make similar pans.（A）in（B） on（C） through（D）for （A）raw（B） crude（C） ready（D）fresh （A）forest（B） cooked（C） man-made（D）lighting （A）volcano（B） cave（C） mountain（D）valley （A）though（B） since（C） soon（D）even （A）When（B） which（C） until（D）as （A）food（B） a fire（C） himself（D）it （A）to cook（B）
7、 cooking（C） cooked（D）cook （A）places（B） realms（C） areas（D）domains （A）beating（B） frying（C） drying（D）placing （A）stone（B） board（C） table（D）plate （A）zone（B） sector（C） method（D）fashion （A）utensil（B） instrument（C） tool（D）equipment （A）by（B） over（C） on（D）to （A）supported（B） replaced（C） changed（D）switched （A）b
8、y（B） on（C） over（D）at （A）incapable（B） unavoidable（C） impossible（D）unpopular （A）broken（B） destroyed（C） spoiled（D）pierced （A）newest（B） latest（C） first（D）worst （A）stronger（B） better（C） more（D）longer Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C
9、 or D. (40 points)20 A child may lean against a doorpost with his or her arms folded. To the onlooker, it may look like a benign posturehowever, there may be a victimized child who understands that this is the bullys “shorthand“ code of conveying the message: “Hand me your lunch as you walk by me, o
10、r else.“Bullying may be expressed in many forms. Boys are generally targeted more than girls. Boys tend to use physical aggression when they bully .by hitting, kicking, and fighting. Girls, on the other hand, more often use exclusionary techniques to bullya form of aggression often referred to as re
11、lational aggression. Girls often start rumors, form cliques to keep certain people out, and ignore other children in attempts to show dominance over another child.Many children who are victimized fit into one of two types: the passive victim, and the provocative victim. While people often feel bad a
12、bout passive victims, provocative victims often elicit less compassion from others. Sometimes it appears that the provocative victim has “brought on“ his or her own fatebut does any child deserve to be the target of repeated physical or verbal aggression? Why might so-called provocative victims acti
13、vely participate in being the target of bullying: For example, are their provocative gestures simply a clumsy way of attempting to interact with others? One feels compassion for the inhibited child because he is reserved; a social misfortune in our society, but an aggressive child is given none of t
14、his.The dynamics of the bully/victim relationship need to be understood in a larger context (Pepler, Craig the formation of a recognizably national state often responds to deep popular sentiment, but can and does sometimes bring in its wake inhuman consequences, including violent expulsion and “clea
15、nsing“ of non-nationals, all the way to organized mass murder. The moral debate on nationalism reflects a deep moral tension between solidarity with oppressed national groups on the one hand and repulsion in the face of crimes perpetrated in the name of nationalism on the other.Nationalism may manif
16、est itself as part of official state ideology or as a popular (non-state) movement and may be expressed along civic, ethnic, cultural, religious or ideological lines. These self-definitions of the nation are used to classify types of nationalism. However, such categories are not mutually exclusive a
17、nd many nationalist movements combine some or all of these elements to varying degrees. Nationalist movements can also be classified by other criteria, such as scale and location.Nationalism does not necessarily imply a belief in the superiority of one race over others, but in practice, many nationa
18、lists support racial protectionism or racial supremacy. Such racism is typically based upon preference or superiority of the indigenous race of the nation.26 The two phenomena mentioned in paragraph 1 can be summarized as _.（A）the peace and the violence（B） the internal and the external（C） the attitu
19、de and the actions（D）the powerless and the sovereignty27 The example of Native American Iroquois is used in paragraph 2 to _.（A）show the differences between nations and states（B） discuss the differences between internal and external affairs（C） indicate their strive to form a state（D）present their id
20、entity as a people28 The word “ambivalent“ ( Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means _.（A）attractive for its unique features（B） characterized by a mixture of opposite feelings or attitudes（C） having a strong desire for success or achievement（D）requiring full use of your abilities or resources29 Par
21、agraph 4 talks about the issue of nationalism from the perspective of _.（A）types（B） definitions（C） combinations（D）criteria30 Nationalism will become racism when it is combined with _.（A）political practice（B） race superiority（C） race identity（D）sovereignty30 Burkina Faso student teacher Hema Cecile h
22、as a lot more time to crack the books thanks to a recent initiative from the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation (IFC). The launch of the Lighting Africa program by the two organizations this year has made it possible for Cecile to swap kerosene lamps for a solar-powered LED lantern
23、.Lighting Africa is a 12 million project which intends to bring light to the poorest regions across sub-Saharan Africa. The program works with the lighting industry to develop clean, affordable lighting and energy solutions for millions without access to electric grids. Its aim is to accelerate the
24、market and to develop education programs that inform off-grid populations currently dependent on costly, inefficient and hazardous fuel-based lighting about modern alternatives.Cecile used to spend 3-4 a month on kerosene for her lamp. That is a large proportion of her earningslike 70 percent of the
25、 population she lives on less than 2 a day. In the weeks since buying her lantern she has managed to read four books including Madame Bovary. by Gustave Flaubert and Emile Zolas Germinal. She is among the most learned in a society which has the worlds lowest literacy rate, according to a 2007 UN Hum
26、an Development Report. When she graduates next year she will teach in a local junior school She makes ends meet by holiday jobs as a cleaner and an IT trainer. To earn her daily ration of cornmeal she does shifts from May to September in a corn field.The lanterns are designed to look like the kerose
27、ne ones they are replacing in order to increase adoption among the population. Each has a small solar panel on the top and costs an average 30, although some cost 100, depending on the size of the battery and the number of LED lights it contains.Because of the large number of sunlight hours in Burki
28、na Faso, the lamps can be relied on to work whenever needed. The battery life is 2-4 years, and can be replaced once they lose their storage capacity. The LED lights last 5-10 years.Although it is barely out of its trial period the project, Chabanne said there are signs the project is a boon for the
29、 population in areas other than household savings and education. “There are fewer people reporting eye problems to the local hospital.“ 31 The word “swap“ ( Line 4, Para. 1 ) most probably means _.（A）to exchange（B） to destroy（C） to invent（D）to copy32 The purpose of the Lighting Africa program is to
30、_.（A）do market research（B） provide new energy solutions（C） help African people to be independent（D）promote modernization across sub-Saharan Africa33 Which one of the following statements is true about Cecile?（A）She is illiterate, just like many of the citizens in her region.（B） She works only from M
31、ay to September every year.（C） She is a full time employee in an IT company.（D）She is still a student now.34 Which one of the following is NOT one of the measures to promote the use of the new lanterns?（A）Similar looks with the old kerosene ones.（B） Fixed price of $30 for all models.（C） Reliable to
32、work when needed.（D）Replaceable batteries.35 What does the author think about the future of the project mentioned in this passage?（A）Uncertain.（B） Optimistic.（C） Pessimistic.（D）Worried.35 Do your children lie to you and their friends about their activities online? Do they feel empty, depressed and i
33、rritable when not at the computer? Do they have problems with school or work, yet they always seem to feel energized again when they are at the computers surfing the internet? If you answered “yes“ to one or even more of the above questions, your children are suffering from internet addiction. The a
34、mount of time kids spend online is a source of headaches for many parents. At first, parents welcomed the Internet into their homes, believing they were opening up an exciting new world of educational opportunities for their children. But soon, to their disappointment, instead of using the Internet
35、for homework or research, their kids were spending hours instant chatting with friends, playing online games or even talking to strangers in chat rooms, which is posing real dangers to the children.Maintaining a healthy balance between entertainment media and other activities in childrens lives has
36、always been a challenge for parents. The Internet has made this challenge even more difficult. The engaging nature of Internet communications and interactive games means many children and teens have trouble controlling the time they spent online.Unfortunately, parents and teachers do not realize tha
37、t there is a problem until it becomes serious. To make it worse, Internet addiction is not widely recognized by the medical community. (Mental health practitioners continue to debate whether this behavior is an “addiction,“ with some preferring to identify it as “behavior control problems. Children
38、and young people can easily become “hooked“ on online activities such as multi-user games, instant messaging with their pals and chat rooms. The children most easily influenced, according to the Computer-Addiction Services at Harvard Medical School, are those who are “lonely and bored or from famili
39、es where nobody is at home to relate to after school.“Children who are unpopular or shy with peers are often attracted to the opportunities for creating new identities in online communities. Boys, in particular, are frequent users of online role-playing games, where they have new identities and inte
40、ract with other players. Although playing these games with thousands of other users may appear to be a social activity, for the troubled child or teen, too much playing can further separate them from friends and peers.36 Which one of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the activities children d
41、oing online that are giving parents headaches?（A）Sending and receiving messages with their friends.（B） Causing dangers to the computers with viruses.（C） Chatting with people they dont know in chat rooms.（D）Playing internet games with their computers.37 What is the “challenge“ the author is talking a
42、bout in paragraph 2?（A）Children tend to have too much entertainment activities.（B） Internet communications and interactive games are absorbing too much time and energy of the children.（C） The children planed their time and activities in a horrible way.（D）To arrange the media entertainment and other
43、activities in a reasonable way.38 What seems to make the situation of internet addiction worse?（A）Parents and teachers failure to be aware of this problem.（B） Medical hasnt advanced in such a way to treat the problem of internet addiction.（C） Behavior control problems do not include internet addicti
44、on at current clinics and hospitals.（D）Some doctors tend to exclude internet addiction from the “addiction“ lists.39 Who seem to be the group of children that are more easily to get addicted with internet?（A）Children who are popular among a lot of friends, because they need to communicate with them
45、even when they are online.（B） Children who come from big families since they can get the attention they desire but fail to get from real life.（C） Children who are not welcome among peers since online communication and games can satisfy their needs in a way real life can not.（D）Children who like to p
46、lay basketball, football and other sports activities since online game can make all these more fascinating.40 What group of people is this passage intended to talk to?（A）Parents of troubled children.（B） Troubled children.（C） Medical practitioners.（D）Computer and online games designers.Part B (10 poi
47、nts) 40 HERES A TALE OF TWO COMPANIES. Both are foreign owned, both are embroiled in scandals are foreign owned, both are embroiled in scandals involving allegations of sexual harassment. Company A is confronted with the problem and punishes top execs. Company B stonewalls and mounts an aggressive c
48、ampaign to discredit its accusers and portray itself as a victim of corporate slander.(41) For business schools looking for a few good case studies in damage control, last week was about as good as it gets. One was Swedish pharmaceuticals company Astra USA, a maker of asthma medications and the popu
49、lar anesthetic Xylocaine. Facing similar charges, Mitsubishi Motor manufacturing of America opted for in your-face denial. Who did it right? Its too soon to know for sure. Astras strategy may seem smarter. Financially speaking, at least, one can see why Mitsubishi is reluctant to issue a public mea culpa. Fessing up could expose it to as much as $ 200 million in damages.Such controversies are no rarity these days. The Equal Employment Opportunity commission alone received more than 15, 000 complaints of sexual harassment last yea
