1、考研英语模拟试卷 312 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprises the whole vocabulary. First, there
2、 are those words【1】which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we【 2】, that is to say, from the【3】of our own family and from our familiar associates, and【4】we should know and use【5 】we could not read or write. They【6】the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who【7】the
3、language. Such words may be called “popular“, since they belong to the people【8】and are not the exclusive【9】of a limited class. On the other hand, our language【10】a multitude of words which are comparatively【11】used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but the
4、re is little【12】to use them at home or in the market-place. Our【13 】acquaintance with them comes not from our mothers【14】or from the talk of our school-mates,【15】from books that we read, lectures that we【16】, or the more【17】conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular【
5、18】in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual【19】of everyday life. Such words are called “learned“, and the【20】between them and the “popular“ words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.（A）at（B） with（C） by（D）through （A）study（B） imitate（C） stimulate（D）learn （
6、A）mates（B） relatives（C） members（D）fellows （A）which（B） that（C） those（D）ones （A）even（B） despite（C） even if（D）in spite of （A）mind（B） concern（C） care（D）relate （A）hire（B） apply（C） adopt（D）use （A）in public（B） at most（C） at large（D）at best （A）right（B） privilege（C） share（D）possession （A）consists（B） comprise
7、s（C） constitutes（D）composes （A）seldom（B） much（C） never（D）often （A）prospect（B） way（C） reason（D）necessity （A）primary（B） first（C） principal（D）prior （A）tips（B） mouth（C） lips（D）tongue （A）besides（B） and（C） or（D）but （A）hear of（B） attend（C） hear from（D）listen （A）former（B） formula（C） formal（D）formative （A）th
8、eme（B） topic（C） idea（D）point （A）border（B） link（C） degree（D）extent （A）diversion（B） distinction（C） diversity（D）similarity Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 People dont want to buy information online. Why? Becau
9、se they dont have to. No more than that because theyre used to not paying for it. Thats the conventional wisdom. Slate, Microsofts online politics-and-culture magazine, is an oft-cited example of the failed attempts to charge a fee for access to content. So far, for most publishers, it hasnt worked.
10、 But nothing on the Web is a done deal. In September graphics-soft-ware powerhouse Adobe announced new applications that integrate commerce into downloading books and articles online, with Simon Schuster, Barnes and Noble, and Salon. corn among its high-profile partners. Some analysts put the market
11、 for digitized publishing at more than $100 billion. Of course, if the Internet can generate that kind of moneysome might say almost any kind of moneypeople want in. And this couldnt come at a better time. Newspaper and magazine writers in particular are increasingly frustrated by their publishers,
12、which post their writings online but frequently dont pay them extra. So heres the good news: Fathrain. com, the third biggest book-seller on the Netafter Amazon. com and Barnesandnoble. cornis now doing just what the publishing industry that made it a success fears., its offering a secure way to pay
13、 for downloadable manuscripts online. Fatbrain calls it offshoot eMatter. With it, the companys executives have the radical notion of ousting publishers from the book-selling business altogether by giving writers 50% of each and every sale (To reel in authors, eMatter is running a 100% royalty promo
14、tion until the end of the year. ) Suggested prices to consumers range from a minimum $ 2 to $ 20, depending on the size of the book to download. “This will change publishing forever!“ Chris MaeAskill, co-founder and chief executive of Fatbrain, declares with the bravado of an interior decorator. “Wi
15、th eBay, anybody could sell antiques. Now anybody can be published. “ Theres been no shortage of authors wanting in. Within a few weeks, according to the company, some 2,000 writers signed on to publish their works. Some of this is technical stuffFatbrain got where it is by specializing in technical
16、 booksbut there are some well-known writers like Catherine Lanigan, author of Romancing the Stone, who has put her out-of-print books and a new novella on the site. Another popular draw is Richard Bach, who agreed to post a 23-page short story to the site. Not everyone thinks downloadable documents
17、are the biggest thing in publishing since Oprahs Book Club. “I think it will appeal to sellers more than buyers,“ says Michael May, a digitalcommerce analyst at Jupiter Communications, which released a report that cast doubt on the markets potential. “A lot of people are going to publish gibberish.
18、The challenge is to ensure the quality of the work. “ Blaine Mathieu, an analyst at Gartner Groups Dataquest, says, “Most people who want digital content want it immediately, I dont know if this model would satisfy their immediate need. Even authors may not find that Web distribution of their works
19、is going to bring them a pot of gold. For one thing, it could undermine sales rather than enhance them. For another, anybody could e-mail downloaded copies of manuscripts around town or around the world over the Net without the writers ever seeing a proverbial dime. “ Softlock. com, Authentica and F
20、atbrain are trying to head this problem off by developing encryption padlocks that would allow only one hard drive to receive and print the manuscripts. For now, the problem persists.21 According to the passage, the author implies that people dont have to buy information on Net because_.（A）its alway
21、s free to download information from websites（B） most writers offer free copies on Net（C） publishing companies offer free copies on Net（D）anybody can e-mail downloaded copies22 Which of the following is NOT a reason for some peoples belief that e-publishers will not succeed?（A）Readers often want imme
22、diate digital content.（B） Authors usually do not believe theyll earn money on Net.（C） The quality of the books on Net is hard to manage.（D）Books that sell well usually do not turn to Net.23 What is implied in the passage about the publishers practice now?（A）They are willingly engaged in the e-publis
23、hing business.（B） They usually do not pay extra royalty for their e-versions.（C） They can publish anyones works on Net.（D）They lack the sense of responsibility for their authors.24 Which of the following can serve as an appropriate title for the passage?（A）Whos in E-commerce?（B） Mind over eMatter（C）
24、 Sharing Brains on Net（D）E-publishing and Traditional Publishers25 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?（A）Most books sold by Fathrain are technical ones.（B） E-publishing will probably not replace the traditional publishing.（C） E-publishing companies have the techniques to pr
25、event documents being spread freely on-line.（D）Many authors are quite interested in the new form of publishing.25 Credibility about messages is high, because they are reported in independent media. A newspaper review of a movie has more believability than an ad in the same paper, because the reader
26、associates independence with objectivity. Similarly, people are more likely to pay attention to news reports than ads. Readers spend time reading the stories, but they flip through the ads. Furthermore, there may be 10 commercials during a half-hour television program or hundreds of ads in a magazin
27、e. Feature stories are much fewer in number and stand out clearly. Publicity also has some significant limitations. A firm has little control over messages, their timing, their placement, or their coverage by a given medium. It may issue detailed news releases and find only portions cited by the med
28、ia; and media have the ability to be much more critical than a company would like. For example, in 1982, Proctrer Gamble faced a substantial publicity problem over the meaning of its 123-year-old company logo. A few ministers and other private citizens believed that the symbol was sacrilegious. Thes
29、e beliefs were covered extensively by the media and resulted in the firm receiving 15,000 phone calls about the rumor in June alone. To combat this negative publicity, the firm issued news releases featuring prominent clergy that refuted the rumors, threatened to sue those people spreading the stori
30、es, and had a spokesperson appear on Good Morning America. The media cooperated with the company and the false rumor were temporarily put to rest. However, in 1985, negative publicity became so disruptive that Procter Gamble decided to remove the logo from its products. A firm may want publicity dur
31、ing certain periods, such as when a new product is introduced or new store opened, but the media may not cover the introduction or opening until after the time it would aid the firm. Similarly, media determine the placement of a story; it may follow a report on crime or sports. Finally, the media as
32、certain whether to cover a story at all and the amount of coverage to be devoted to it. A company-sponsored jobs program might go unreported or receive three-sentence coverage in a local newspaper.26 The author mentions all of the following advantages of publicity EXCEPT_.（A）having attentiveness（B）
33、having no time costs（C） having high credibility（D）having high profitability27 People are more likely to believe in news reports than ads because_.（A）they reach a larger audience than ads do（B） they are more objective（C） they appear in independent media（D）they are much more in number and stand out cl
34、early28 The example in Paragraph 3 is intended to demonstrate_.（A）the power of publicity（B） the victim of publicity（C） the terrible effect of rumors（D）the vulnerability of people to publicity29 One of the reasons why feature stories seem more reliable than ads is that_.（A）they are more believable（B）
35、 they are more objective（C） readers like to spend time reading stories（D）they are much fewer in number and stand out clearly30 The passage implies that_.（A）the placement of a story is not quite important（B） the report of a crime may not be true（C） local newspapers are not interested in company-spons
36、ored programs（D）publicity is not always necessary30 Hippies were members of a youth movement of the 1960s and 1970s that started in the United States and spread to Canada, Great Britain, and many other countries. The hippies rejected the customs, traditions, and life styles of society and tried to d
37、evelop those of their own. Most hippies came from white middle-class families and ranged in age from 15 to 25 years old. They thought too many adults cared about making money and little else. The term hippie may come from the word hip, which means “turned-in“ or aware. Hippies wanted a world based o
38、n love of humanity and peace. Many believed that wonderful, magical changes were about to take place. They thought these changes would happen as soon as people learned to express their feelings honestly and to behave naturally at all times. Hippies strongly opposed U.S. involvement in the Vietnam Wa
39、r. Many hippies lived together in small groups, working with one another and sharing possessions. Others refused to be tied down to a fixed job or home. They wandered from place to place seeking part-time work and temporary shelter. Some begged for spare change and lived in the streets or camped in
40、parks or other public lands. Hippies were sometimes called “flower children“ because they gave people flowers to communicate gentleness and love. They let their hair grow long and walked barefoot or in sandals. Hippies attracted public attention by wearing clothing that featured unusual combinations
41、 of colors and textures. A large number of hippies used marijuana, LSD, and other drugs. Drug experiences shaped many of their symbols and ideas. The Beatles, a popular English rock group, helped spread the hippie movement with their song. Hippie favorites included such other rock groups as the Grat
42、eful Dead and the Jefferson Airplane, singers Joan Baez and Bob Dylan, poet Allen Ginsberg, and novelist Ken Kesey. Many hippies admired Timothy Leary, a psychologist who preached salvation through the use of drugs. In time, most hippies realized it was not easy to reform society by “droppingout“ of
43、 it. Some joined more organized political movements to work for specific social causes. Others turned to spirituality or religion. The majority simply left the hippie stage of their lives behind while trying to hold on to at least a few of the ideals that once inspired them. 31 It can be inferred fr
44、om the passage that hippies called themselves “hippies“ because_.（A）they wanted to be different and independent（B） they wanted people to be aware of the necessity for radical changes（C） they considered traditional values worthless（D）they begged people to notice the changes around themselves32 Hippie
45、s gave flowers to people because they_.（A）wanted a world based on love of humanity and peace（B） could not find jobs and had to sell flowers for a living（C） wanted to tell people that they were badly in need of love（D）wanted to show people that they meant no harm to them33 Which of the following stat
46、ements is TRUE according to the passage?（A）Many hippies had to beg because no firms would hire them.（B） Timothy Leary, a preacher, was the leader of the hippie movement.（C） Drugs produced a very important influence on hippies ideas.（D）The hippie movement was first known to the British people through
47、 the Beatles songs.34 From the last paragraph, we know that the hippie movement finally declined because_.（A）most of the hippies turned to more active ways to reform the society（B） most of the hippies deemed the social problems of their time incorrigible（C） most of the hippies simply dropped out of
48、it as they grew older（D）most of the hippies gave up some of their original ideas35 The authors attitude towards the hippie movement is one of_.（A）criticism（B） sympathy（C） detestation（D）enthusiasm35 For health insurance, the United States has taken the road less traveled. The United States is the onl
49、y rich country without universal health insurance. People in the United States spend the most, rely heavily on the private sector, and obtain care from the worlds most complicated delivery system. While some supporters have expressed satisfaction, if not pride, in these remarkable qualities, others contend that the United States faces unique limitations in reforming health care. In her exceptional book, Parting at the Crossroads, Antonia Maioni compares the formation of the U.S. and Canadian healt
