1、考研英语模拟试卷 340 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Plastic is the panacea of the ages. Nearly every man-made object (1)_ (2)_ of, or at least (3)_ its very structure, to this wonder co
2、mpound. Rain slickers, computer terminals, automobile engine parts, coffee cups (and the sugar stirrers too), breast implants, toy soldiersthey are all made up of plastic, or one of its many (4)_ Since the (5)_ of civilization, humankind bas been experimenting (6)_ a multifunctional materialone that
3、 had to be equally strong and lightweightto carry, contain and protect valuables. (7)_ it could carry, contain and protect humans too, even better. Generations of tinkerers and scientists set off (8)_ the challenge, striking gold some 170 years ago. By mixing natural rubber with sulphur they created
4、 the worlds most utilized material ever. In developing a (9)_, malleable and durable substance, the most important inventions of the industrial age were to follow shortly thereafter. The automobile and airplane industries, to (10)_ just two, owe their very existence to plastic. And, (11)_ celluloid
5、plastic strips, the Lumiere Brothers would never have brought moving pictures to the big screen.The development of plastic is a story of human (12)_, ingenuity and luck. (13)_ the legend now goes, in 1839, the American inventor Charles Goodyear (the famous tyre company would later use his name) was
6、experimenting with the sulphur treatment of natural rubber when he dropped a piece of sulphur-treated rubber on a stove. The heat seemed to give rubber (14)_ properties. It was stronger, more (15)_ to abrasions more elastic, much less (16)_ to temperature, (17)_ to gases, and highly resistant to che
7、micals and electric (18)_ Eyeing this as a cheaply and easily reproduced construction material, a whirlwind of work (19)_ and the birth of (20)_ plastic and plastic-derivatives were born from camphor to celluloid to rayon; cellophane, polyvinyl chloride (or PVC); styrofoam and nylon were soon to fol
8、low.（A）consists（B） comprises（C） constitutes（D）composes（A）especially（B） partially（C） partly（D）entirely（A）owns（B） owes（C） thanks（D）contributes（A）deviations（B） derivatives.（C） deprivations（D）depressions（A）drown（B） drawn（C） dawn（D）dusk（A）for（B） on（C） in（D）with（A）If（B） When（C） Unless（D）Until（A）onto（B） wi
9、th（C） on（D）to（A）versatile（B） various.（C） variant（D）variable（A）call（B） name（C） take（D）bring（A）despite（B） with（C） without（D）for（A）presentation（B） preservation（C） perseverance（D）persistence（A）As（B） After（C） Before（D）While（A）enlightened（B） corrected（C） progressed（D）improved（A）insistent（B） consistent（C）
10、proof（D）resistant（A）sensitive（B） agile（C） susceptive（D）acute（A）transparent（B） impermeable（C） translucent（D）inaccessible（A）stream（B） torrent（C） current（D）flow（A）pursued（B） ensued（C） ensured（D）insured（A）numerical（B） numerable（C） enormous（D）numerousPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answe
11、r the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 As dean of admissions at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Marilee Jones was responsible for ensuring that applicants represented their academic backgrounds honestly. So it was more than a shock when the 55-year-old res
12、igned Thursday, admitting that she had misled school officials over a 28-year period into believing that she held three degrees from New York institutions. In fact, she had never received even an undergraduate degree from any school. While Joness case is extreme, it points to a major concern for any
13、 corporation or institution that hires employees: embellishments and outright lies on resumes.But if an employer doesnt catch the falsehoods, how does an employee live with such a big lie in Joness case, a falsehood that she maintained for 28 years? Psychologist Paul Ekman speculates that Joness cas
14、e is likely related to self-esteem. MIT officials noted that a college degree probably wasnt required for the entry-level position that Jones took on in 1979, and apparently no one checked her credentials with each successive promotion. Still, by all accounts, Jones was good at her job. “Even though
15、 the fake degrees didnt initially give her tangible benefits, she personally needed them in order to get people to respect her“, Ekman says. “And in time it appears she did get a lot of respect, but by then she couldnt reveal she had lied without losing her position“.Ekman says many people are tempt
16、ed to exaggerate their credentials for the same reason a kid exaggerates his fathers strength, but that most people resist. “They either know from past experience that they could never get away with itperhaps because they are bad liars, they dont like taking riskssome people are risk takers so it at
17、tracts them to lying, or they are religiously observant“, Ekman says.Early in her career, Jones didnt resist the temptation, and it may have become too difficult to rectify the situation as she climbed the workplace ladder. “My bet is that it was never out of her mind completely that she had taken s
18、uch a risk, but I doubt she spent many nights worrying someone would catch her“, Ekman says. “She had done such a great job and was so admired, that she probably became confident after all these years that no one was going to check“.But the potential damages caused by hiring a poorly qualified emplo
19、yee are serious for companies. Depending on the position applied for, different background-information firms offer different service packages. For example, a credit check may not be necessary for a person applying for an administrative job; but an executive or financial position may call for a check
20、 of references, a credit check, a criminal-records check and even a check of driving records. With such diligence, its much riskier for todays job hunters to lie than it was 30 years ago when Jones filled out her first application at MIT.21 By introducing the case of Jones, The author wants to _（A）s
21、how that the dean of admission of MIT is a liar.（B） lead to the problem of dishonest personal resume.（C） tell us a shocking news in the field of employment.（D）give an example of poorly qualified employee.22 The possible reason why Jones lied to school official may be that _（A）the MIT required its em
22、ployees to have such education background.（B） she was unqualified for her position as the dean of admissions.（C） she needed to get respects from people by showing the degrees.（D）she was too confident to believe that the lie might be found.23 Which of the following is not the mason why people resist
23、the tendency to exaggerate their credentials?（A）they are afraid of the consequences once the lies are revealed.（B） they are good at telling lies that nobody will find the troth.（C） they strictly follow some religious laws to forbidden such behaviors.（D）they are unwilling to risk their career when th
24、erere other choices.24 If Jones applied for her position today, the possible result would be that _（A）she could easily make school officials believe that she has 3 degrees from New York institutes.（B） she could not find a job at all because of lack of educational degree.（C） a lot more certificates w
25、ould be required to prove the personal information she provided.（D）she would be asked to have a credit check for applying an administrative job.25 According to the author, what should the employers when trying to hire newcomers?（A）Make sure that the applicant has got 3 degrees from different institu
26、tes.（B） Pay more attention to resumes in case there are too many exaggerations.（C） Ask the police or private detectors to follow applicants for real information.（D）Do not believe anything provided by applicants and observe them in practice.26 There was great public interest when a big hole mysteriou
27、sly appeared in the middle of a field. Army mechanics and engineers were called in to explain how it had got there. They referred various explanations but were not at all sure how the hole had been caused. It was thought that a large shell which must have lain buried under the ground for many years
28、had suddenly exploded, but it was not possible to prove this.A “simple“, but highly improbable, explanation was offered by a man who claims to be especially well-informed about “flying saucersthe strange objects which are round in shape and are said to visit the earth occasionally from outer space.
29、The mans explanation may have been nonsense, but at least it was imaginative. At any rate, it was far more interesting than the one given by the army.After examing the ground carefully, the man claimed to have seen special marks on the soil quite near the hole. These, he said, could only have been c
30、aused by a flying saucer. Moreover, the leaves on some bushes nearby had turned yellow because of a strange hot gas which had come from the saucer just before it landed. Even a small tree some way off appeared to have been burnt slightly. A small piece of metal found in the hole itself provided furt
31、her proof that a strange object had been there. According to the man, it was quite clear that people from another world had been circling the earth trying to pick up information, when something had gone wrong. Because of this they had been forced to land in a field so that the damage could be repair
32、ed. The hole had been caused when the saucer struck the earth, while the strange marks nearby were made when it took off again. This, said the man, was the simplest explanation of how the hole had appeared. Judging from the interest the public took in the matter, there must be quite a few people who
33、 secretly believe or hope that this “simple“ explanation is the true one.26 The author thinks of the explanation given by the army as_（A）ridiculous（B） not capable of proof（C） adequate（D）scientific though seemingly simple.27 The author holds that the mans explanation was_（A）utterly infeasible（B） lack
34、ing in imagination（C） more probable than the one offered by the army（D）creative though not necessarily reasonable28 By way of explanation the man produced all the following proofs EXCEPT_（A）strange marks close to the hole（B） strange hot gas（C） a slightly burnt small tree（D）a tiny piece of metal in t
35、he hole29 In the mans opinion something happened to the flying saucer when_（A）it was carrying out a mission（B） it was flying back to outer space（C） it was landing in a field（D）people aboard were repairing a damage30 It is implied but not directly state in the passage that_（A）the public took a great
36、interest in the big mysterious hole（B） army engineers and mechanics were not in the least certain how the hole had appeared（C） objects from outer space hold a special attraction, for many people（D）the man who claimed to be well-informed about flying saucers turned out to be a cheat31 When young peop
37、le who want to be journalists ask me what subject they should study after leaving school, I tell them: “Anything except journalism or media studies. Most veterans of my trade would say the same. It is practical advice. For obvious reasons, newspaper editors like to employ people who can bring someth
38、ing other than a knowledge of the media to the party that we call our work.On The Daily Telegraph, for example, the editor of London Spy is a theologian by academic training. The obituaries editor is a philosopher. The editor of our student magazine, Juice, studied physics. As for myself, I read his
39、tory, ancient and modern, at the taxpayers expense.I am not sure what Charles Clarke, the Education Secretary, would make of all this. If I understand him correctly, he would think that the public money spent on teaching this huge range of disciplines to the staff of The Daily Telegraph was pretty m
40、uch wasted. The only academic course of which he would wholeheartedly approve in the list above would be physicsbut then again, he would probably think it a terrible waste that Simon Hogg chose to edit Juice instead of designing aeroplanes or building nuclear reactors. By that, he seems to mean that
41、 everything taught at the public expense should have a direct, practical application that will benefit society and the economy.It is extremely alarming that the man in charge of Britains education system should think in this narrow-minded, half-witted way. The truth, of course, is that all academic
42、disciplines benefit society and the economy, whether in a direct and obvious way or not. They teach students to thinkto process information and to distinguish between what is important and unimportant, true and untrue. Above all, a country in which academic research and intelligent ideas are allowed
43、 to flourish is clearly a much more interesting, stimulating and enjoyable place than one without “ornaments“, in which money and usefulness are all that count.Mr. Clarke certainly has a point when he says that much of what is taught in Britains universities is useless. But it is useless for a far m
44、ore serious reason than that it lacks any obvious economic utility. As the extraordinarily high drop-out rate testifies, it is useless because it fails the first test of university teachingthat it should stimulate the interest of those being taught. When students themselves think that their courses
45、are a waste of time and money, then a waste they are.The answer is not to cut off state funding for the humanities. It is to offer short, no- nonsense vocational courses to those who want to learn a trade, and reserve university places for those who want to pursue an academic discipline. By this mea
46、ns, a great deal of wasted money could be saved and all studentsthe academic and the not-so-academicwould benefit. What Mr. Clarke seems to be proposing instead is an act of cultural vandalism that would rob Britain of all claim to be called a civilised country.31 The second paragraph is meant to de
47、monstrate that_.（A）students of other disciplines than journalism are preferred employees of newspapers（B） young people should learn other subjects than journalism after leaving school（C） veterans of the authors trade would give the same advice to puzzled youngsters（D）young people should diversify th
48、eir learning subjects to be better employed32 Charles Clarke as described in the passage would probably agree that_.（A）philosophy as an academic discipline in college should be canceled（B） physics should be the topmost choice of disciplines for prospective journalists（C） the Daily Telegraph is poorl
49、y staffed and needs rearrangement（D）there is no reason for the state to pay for subjects of higher education33 Which of the following is true according to the author?（A）The role of state-funded universities is to train students for a job.（B） Every academic subject will do good to society and the economy somehow.（C） Academic research and intelligent ideas are more important than “ornaments“.（D）Money and usefulness are the cri
