1、考研英语模拟试卷 341 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 One of the most important results of research into ageing has been to pinpoint the significance of short-term memory. This faculty is
2、 easily (1)_ as ageing advances. What seems to (2)_ is that in formation is received by the brain, (3)_ scans it for meaning in order to decode it at some future time. It looks as if the actual (4)_ of the short-term memory itself may not change too much (5)_ age. A young man and a man in his late f
3、ifties may (6)_ be able to remember and repeat a(n) (7)_ of eight numbers recited to them. But what (8)_ change is that when the older man is asked to re member anything (9)_ between the time he is first given the numbers to memorise and the time he is asked to (10)_ them, he will be much less likel
4、y to remember the (11)_ numbers than the young man. This is because the scanning stage is more easily (12)_ by other activities in (13)_ people.In (14)_ living one experiences this as a fairly minor (15)_a telephone number forgotten while one looks (16)_ an area code, or the first part of (17)_ stre
5、et directions confused with the fast because the last turn lefts and turn rights have interfered (18)_ remembering the first directions. In more formal learning, however, the (19)_ of short-term memory is more than just a mild social embarrassment. It can be a serious bar to further (20)_ or indeed
6、to any progress at all.（A）discovered（B） strengthened（C） displayed（D）disturbed（A）happen（B） exist（C） work（D）do（A）as（B） that（C） which（D）what（A）performance（B） capacity（C） action（D）activity（A）for（B） with（C） over（D）under（A）neither（B） none（C） either（D）both（A）average（B） percentage（C） amount（D）proportion（A）w
7、ill（B） would（C） does（D）did（A）else（B） more（C） particular（D）special（A）decode（B） explain（C） produce（D）repeat（A）difficult（B） different（C） original（D）previous（A）finished（B） completed（C） disrupted（D）erupted（A）younger（B） older（C） most（D）common（A）daily（B） ordinary（C） normal（D）usual（A）offence（B） irritation（C
8、） distress（D）disgrace（A）up（B） for（C） at（D）over（A）inconvenient（B） inadequate（C） conventional（D）complicated（A）by（B） with（C） for（D）over（A）collapse（B） absence（C） lack（D）decay（A）attainment（B） acquisition（C） learning（D）reachingPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below eac
9、h text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 Computer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become “computer literate“, in other words, to learn to understand computers and what make them tick. But not all experts agree, however, that this is a good idea.One pioneer, in particular,
10、who disagrees is David Tebbutt, the founder of Computer-town UK. Although many people see it that way. He says that Computer-town UK was formed for computer, but David does not see it that way. He says that Computer-town UK was formed for just the opposite reason to bring computer to the people and
11、make them “People-literate“.David first got the idea when he visited one of Americas best-known computer “guru“ figures Bob Albrecht, who had started a project called Computer-town USA in the local library.Over here, in Britain, Computer-towns have taken off in a big way, and there are now about 40
12、scattered, over the country. David Tebbutt thinks they are most successful when tied to a computer club. He insists there is a vast and important difference between the two, although they complement each other. The clubs cater for the enthusiasts, with some computer knowledge already, who get togeth
13、er and eventually form an expert computer group. This frightens away non-experts, known as “grockles“(游客) who are happier going to Computer-towns where there are computers available for them to experiment on, with experts available to encourage them and answer any question; they are not told what to
14、 do, they find out.David Tebbutt finds it interesting to see the two different approaches working side by side. The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about computers, but have to be able to explain the answers to the questions that people really want to know. People are not having to
15、 learn computer jargon(行话), but the experts are having to translate computer mysteries into easily understood terms; the computers are becoming “peopleliterate“.21 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT wrong?_（A）The computer experts should tell people everything about computers（B）
16、David insisted that the computer clubs should open to all the people, including those nonexperts（C） The foundation of computer town is a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer（D）It is unnecessarily for all the people to become “computer-literate“22 David Tebbutt is a(n)_ computer
17、expert.（A）English（B） American（C） Japanese（D）German23 According to the author, the concept of “people-literate“ in para. 2 means_（A）to make the computer learn to understand people（B） to bring computers closer to the people（C） that all the people should understand computers（D）that all the people shoul
18、d learn to use computers24 About the computer towns and the computer clubs, David Tebbutt thinks that_（A）it is just to take trouble to see the two working side by side（B） the computer towns are more important than the computer clubs（C） they can complement each other but there is great difference bet
19、ween（D）the computer clubs are as important as the computer towns25 According to the passage, which of the following description about the computer clubs is NOT TRUE?_（A）The computer clubs are open to the people with some computer knowledge already（B） The computer experts in the clubs have to explain
20、 everything in easily understood（C） The expert computer group is easily formed in the clubs（D）The grockles would rather go to computer towns than go to clubs26 Reading the papers and looking at television these days, one can easily be persuaded that the human species is on its last legs, still totte
21、ring along but only barely making it. In this view, disease is the biggest menace of all. Even when we are not endangering our lives by eating the wrong sorts of food and taking the wrong kinds of exercise, we are placing ourselves in harms way by means of the toxins we keep inserting into the envir
22、onment around us.As if this was not enough, we have fallen into the new habit of thinking our way into illness. If we take up the wrong kind of personality, we run the risk of contracting a new disease called stress, followed quickly by coronary occlusion. Or if we just sit tight and try to let the
23、world slip by, here comes cancer, from something we ate, breathed or touched. No wonder we are a nervous lot. The word is out that if we were not surrounded and propped up by platoons of health professionals, we would drop in our tracks.The truth is something different, in my view. There has never b
24、een a time in history when human beings in general have been statistically as healthy as the people now living in the industrial societies of the Western world. Our average life expectancy has stretched from 45 years a century ago to todays figure of around 75. More of us than ever before are living
25、 into our 80s and 90s. Dying from disease in child hood and adolescence is no longer the common occurrence that it was 100 years ago, when tuberculosis and other lethal microbial infections were the chief causes of premature death. Today, dying young is a rare and catastrophic occurrence, and when i
26、t does happen, it is usually caused by trauma.Medicine must get some of the credit for the remarkable improvement in human health, but not all. The profession of plumbing also had much to do with the change. When sanitary engineering assured the populace of uncontaminated water, the great epidemics
27、of typhoid fever and cholera came to an end. Even before such advances, as early as the 17th century, improvements in agriculture and nutrition had in creased peoples resistance to infection.In short we have come a long waythe longest part of that way with common sense, cleanliness and a better stan
28、dard of living, but a substantial recent distance as well with medicine. We still have an agenda of lethal and incapacitating illnesses to cause us anxiety, but these shouldnt worry us to death. The diseases that used to kill off most of us early in life have been brought under control.26 Nowa. days
29、 people are likely to feel that they _.（A）are all right（B） are very tired（C） tend to be iii（D）are stressed27 Today, dying young is _.（A）a common phenomenon（B） the case with many people（C） usually caused by trauma（D）never reported28 One hundred years ago, people were _.（A）not as healthy as today（B） a
30、s strong as today（C） as poor as today（D）as hard as today29 Medicine is considered the chief cause for _.（A）increasing disease（B） improving health（C） reducing the number of death（D）helping people to live longer30 We can assert that _.（A）many new medicines are invented（B） we can cure many serious dise
31、ases（C） many new medicines are useless（D）there are still many serious diseases31 It has long been the subject of speculation among the police and criminologists: what would happen if all the officers who now spend so much of their time taking statements, profiling criminals and moving pieces of pape
32、r around were suddenly put on the streets? Crime figures released by Londons Metropolitan Police this week provide the best answer yet.Following the bombings of July 7th and 21st, thousands of police officers materialised on Londons pavements, many of them sporting brightly coloured jackets. Drawn f
33、rom all over the city, they were assigned to guard potential targets such as railway stations. The police presence was especially heavy in the bombed boroughs: Camden (which was struck three times), Hammersnrith and Fulham, Lamheth, Tower Hamlets, Westminster and the City of London.The show of force
34、 did not just scare off terrorists. There was less crime in July than in May or June, which as unusual: the warmer month tends to bring out criminal tendencies, as windows are left open and alcohol is imbibed alfresco. But the chilling effect was much stronger in the six boroughs that were targeted
35、by terrorists. There, overall crime was down by 12% compared with July 2004. In inner London as a whole, crime fell by 6%. But in outer London, where the blue line was thinner, it went up slightly.Simon Foy, who tracks such trends at the Metropolitan Police, says that crime fell particularly steeply
36、 on the days of the attacks, partly because of the overwhelming police presence and partly because “even criminals were watching their televisions“. What is significant is that crime barely rose thereafter. That was a change from the aftermath of September 11th 2001, when crime quickly soared just a
37、bout everywherepossibly because officers were deployed only in the very centre of London.“The received wisdom among criminologists is that marginal changes in visible patrolling have little or no effect on crime,“ says Mike Hough, a criminologist at Kings College London. Julys experiment should put
38、that argument to rest. Even if offenders do not make rational calculations about the odds of being caughtwhich was low both before and after the bombingsthey will be moved by a display of overwhelming force.31 What does the word “materialise“ mean in the second paragraph?（A）bomb（B） investigate（C） pr
39、ovoke（D）appear32 Which of the following facts, according to third paragraph of the text, will be taken for granted by British?（A）The warmer month tends to result in criminal tendencies.（B） Crime went up slightly in July 2004.（C） The show of force did put an end to terrorists.（D）Bombings are inevitab
40、le in outer London.33 It can be inferred from the text that the crime occurrence may be associated with _.（A）the trends which can be tracks（B） the deployment of the blue line（C） the overwhelming presence of criminals in London（D）the number of the days of terrorist attacks34 The authors attitude towa
41、rd Mike Houghs remark is _.（A）consent（B） ambivalent（C） denial（D）approval35 Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（A）London Bombings Are Severe.（B） Terrorists Are Scared Off.（C） Terrorism Cuts Crime.（D）Marginal Changes Take Place.36 SoBig. F was the more visible of the two recen
42、t waves of infection because it propagated itself by e-mail, meaning that victims noticed what was going on. SoBig. F was so effective that it caused substantial disruption even to those protected by anti-virus software. That was because so many copies of the virus spread (some 500,000 computers wer
43、e infected) that many machines were overwhelmed by messages from their own anti-virus software. On top of that, one common counter-measure backfired, increasing traffic still further. Anti-virus software often bounces a warning back to the sender of an infected e-mail, saying that the e-mail in ques
44、tion cannot be delivered because it contains a virus. SoBig. F was able to spoof this system by “harvesting“ e-mail addresses from the hard disks of infected computers. Some of these addresses were then sent infected e-mails that had been doctored to look as though they had come from other harvested
45、 addresses. The latter were thus sent warnings, even though their machines may not have been infected.Kevin Haley of Symantec, a firm that makes anti-virus software, thinks that one reason SoBig. F was so much more effective than other viruses that work this way is because it was better at searching
46、 hard drives for addresses. Brian King, of CERT, an internet-security centre at Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh, notes that, unlike its precursors, SoBig. F was capable of “multi-threading“, it could send multiple e-mails simultaneously, allowing it to dispatch thousands in minutes.Blaster
47、worked by creating a “buffer overrun in the remote procedure call“. In English, that means it attacked a piece of software used by Microsofts Windows operating system to allow one computer to control another. It did so by causing that software to use too much memory.Most worms work by exploiting wea
48、knesses in an operating system, but whoever wrote Blaster had a particularly refined sense of humour, since the website under attack was the one from which users could obtain a program to fix the very weakness in Windows that the worm itself was exploiting.One Way to deal with a wicked worm like Bla
49、ster is to design a fairy godmother worm that goes around repairing vulnerable machines automatically. In the case of Blaster someone seems to have tried exactly that with a program called Welchi. However, according to Mr. Haley, Welchi has caused almost as many problems as Blaster itself, by overwhelming networks with “pings“ signals that checked for the presence of other computers.Though both of these programs fell short
