1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 100 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Fears of “mad cow“ disease spread (1)_ the globe last week (2)_ South Africa, New Zealand and Singapore joining most of Britains E
2、uropean Union partners in (3)_ imports of British beef. In London, steak restaurants were empty following the March 20 announcement by scientists that they had found a (4)_ link between mad cow disease from British beef and its human (5)_, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD).Efforts to reassure consumers
3、 and governments proved (6)_. France, Germany, Italy, Finland and Greece were among countries which announced bans (7)_ British beef shipments.A committee of EU veterinary experts, meeting in Brussels, (8)_ new protective measures but said transmission of the disease from cattle to humans was unprov
4、en and did not (9)_ a general ban on British beef exports. Britains own main consumer group advised people to (10)_ beef if they wanted to be absolutely sure of not (11)_ CJD which destroys the brain and is always (12)_.“Could it be worse than AIDS?“The stark headline in Fridays Daily mail newspaper
5、 encapsulated the fear and uncertainty (13)_ Britain. CJD (14)_ humans in the same way that BSE makes cows madby eating away nerve cells in the brain (15)_ it looks like a spongy Swiss cheese.The disease is incurable. Victims show (16)_ of dementia and memory loss and usually die (17)_ six months.Li
6、ttle is known (18)_ sure about the group of diseases known collectively as spongiform encephalopathies, which explains (19)_ some eminent scientists are not prepared to (20)_ a human epidemic of AIDS-like proportions.（A）in（B） on（C） over（D）around（A）from（B） with（C） upon（D）to（A）accepting（B） banning（C）
7、cancelling（D）allowing（A）likely（B） liking（C） alike（D）like（A）same（B） equivalent（C） counterpart（D）likeness（A）fruit（B） fruitful（C） failure（D）fruitless（A）on（B） in（C） over（D）for（A）have recommended（B） has recommended（C） recommended（D）recommending（A）call on（B） call for（C） call in（D）call forth（A）stop to eat（
8、B） stop eating（C） stop to be eating（D）stop not to eat（A）to contract（B） being contracted（C） contracting（D）contract（A）fatal（B） deadly（C） lethal（D）mortal（A）which is gripping（B） to grip（C） gripped（D）gripping（A）affected（B） affects（C） effect（D）affecting（A）after（B） before（C） until（D）when（A）marks（B） trace（C
9、） symbols（D）signs（A）after（B） until（C） in（D）within（A）in（B） of（C） for（D）to（A）how（B） why（C） what（D）when（A）rule off（B） rule out（C） rule over（D）rule ofGrammar21 _she be going back this autumn?（A）May（B） Might（C） Can（D）Must22 _is the center of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Mi
10、ddle Ages.（A）That the sun and not the earth（B） It is the sun and not the earth（C） Being the sun and not the earth（D）The sun and not the earth23 Can you imagine the fat _ famous as an actor?（A）boy become（B） boy to become（C） boy becoming（D）boys becoming24 What courses are you going to have next semest
11、er? I dont know. But its about time_on something.（A）Id decide（B） I decided（C） I decide（D）Im deciding25 Not only_us light, but also it gives us heat.（A）the sun gives（B） the sun does give（C） gives the sun（D）does the sun give26 The Managing Director said that improving relations with the association wo
12、uld not be easy, but that they_to try.（A）would have decided（B） decide（C） have decided（D）had decided27 A Dream of the Red Chamber is said_into dozens of languages in the last decade.（A）to have been translated（B） to translate（C） to be translated（D）to have translated28 _hes already heard the news.（A）Ch
13、ances are（B） Chance is（C） Opportunities are（D）Opportunity is29 Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably_a threat to the human race than environmental destruction.（A）no more（B） not more（C） even more（D）much more30 Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she_mu
14、ch better results now.（A）would be getting（B） could have got（C） must get（D）would getPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)30 Many countries have a tradition of inviting foreigners to rule them. The English called in
15、William of Orange in 1688, and, depending on your interpretation of history, William of Normandy in 1066. Both did rather a good job. Returning the compliment, Albania asked a well-bred Englishman called Aubgrey Herbert to be their king in the 1920s. He refusedand they ended up with several coves ca
16、lled Zog.America, the country of immigrants, has no truck with imported foreign talent. Article two of the Constitution says that “no person except a natural-born citizen. . . shall be eligible to the office of the president“. This is now being challenged by a particularly irresistible immigrant: Ar
17、nold Schwarzenegger.Barely a year has passed since the erstwhile cyborg swept to victory in Californias recall election, yet there is already an Amend-for-Arnold campaign collecting signatures to let the Austrian-born governor have a go at the White House. George Bush senior has weighed in on his be
18、half. There are several “Arnold amendments“ in Congress: one allows foreigners who have been naturalized citizens for 20 years to become president. (The Austrian became American in 1983.)It is easy to dismiss the hoopla as another regrettable example of loopy celebrity politics. Mr. Schwarzenegger h
19、as made a decent start as governor, but he has done little, as yet, to change the structure of his dysfunctional state. Indeed, even if the law were changed, he could well be elbowed aside by another incomer, this time from Canada: the Democratic governor of Michigan, Jennifer Granholm, who appears
20、to have fewer skeletons in her closet than the hedonistic actor.Moreover, changing the American constitution is no doddle. It has happened only 17 times since 1791 (when the first ten amendments were codified as the bill of rights). To change the constitution, an amendment has to be approved by two-
21、thirds of both houses of Congress, and then to be ratified by three-quarters of the 50 states. The Arnold amendment is hardly in the same category as abolishing slavery or giving women the vote. And, as some wags point out, Austrian imports have a pretty dodgy record of running military superpowers.
22、31 The author of the text makes a contrast in_.（A）Paragraph HI and Paragraph IV（B） the opening paragraph（C） Paragraph I and Paragraph II（D）the concluding paragraph32 The phrase “has no truck with“ (Line 1, Paragraph 2) most probably means_.（A）lacks means of transportation for（B） never discriminates（
23、C） has no vehicle to（D）refuses to consider33 Compared with Jennifer Granholm, Mr. Schwarzenegger is at disadvantage due to（A）more embarrassing secrets（B） previous actor background（C） excessive garment decoration（D）less slender figure34 The word “cyborg“ (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably refers to_
24、.（A）Aubgrey Herbert（B） George Bush senior（C） William of Orange（D）Arnold Schwarzenegger35 It can be inferred from the concluding paragraph that_.（A）the American constitution is changeable and falls into a vicious cycle（B） there is a faint chance that legal adjustments are made for Arnold running（C） a
25、bolishing slavery and granting women the vote give an impetus to Arnold running（D）both houses of Congress hold whether he deserves to win is another matter35 We assumed ethics needed the seal of certainty, else it was non-rational. And certainty was to be produced by a deductive model: the correct a
26、ctions were derivable from classical first principles or a hierarchically ranked pantheon of principles. This model, though, is bankrupt.I suggest we think of ethics as analogous to language usage. There are no univocal rules of grammar and style which uniquely determine the best sentence for a part
27、icular situation. Nor is language usage universalizable. Although a sentence or phrase is warranted in one case, it does not mean it is automatically appropriate in like circumstances. Nonetheless, language usage is not subjective.This should not surprise us in the least. All intellectual pursuits a
28、re relativistic in just these senses. Political science, psychology, chemistry, and physics are not certain, but they are not subjective either. As I see it, ethnical inquiry proceeds like this: we are taught moral principles by parents, teachers, and society at large. As we grow older we become exp
29、osed to competing views. These may lead us to reevaluate presently held beliefs. Or we may find ourselves inexplicably making certain valuations, possibly because of inherited altruistic tendencies. We may “learn the hard way“ that some actions generate unacceptable consequences. Or we may reflect u
30、pon our own and others “theories“ or patterns of behavior and decide they are inconsistent. The resulting views are “tested“; we act as we think we should and evaluate the consequences of those actions on ourselves and on others. We thereby correct our mistakes in light of the test of time.Of course
31、 people make different moral judgments; of course we cannot resolve these differences by using some algorithm which is itself beyond judgment. We have no vantage point outside human experience where we can judge right and wrong, good and bad. But then we dont have a vantage point from where we can b
32、e philosophical relativists either.We are left within the real world, trying to cope with ourselves, with each other, with the world, and with our own fallibility. We do not have all the moral answers, nor do we have an algorithm to discern those answers, neither do we possess an algorithm for deter
33、mining correct language usage but that does not make us throw up our hands in despair because we can no longer communicate.If we understand ethics in this way, we can see, I think, the real value of ethical theory. Some people talk as if ethical theories give us moral prescriptions. They think we sh
34、ould apply ethical principles as we would a poultice: after diagnosing the ailment, we apply the appropriate dressing. But that is a mistake. No theory provides a set of abstract solutions to apply straightforwardly. Ethical theories are important not because they solve all moral dilemmas but becaus
35、e they help us notice salient features of moral problems and help us understand those problems in context. 36 Ethical principles are generally thought to be_.（A）explicitly clear（B） implicitly vague（C） certain but non-rational（D）relative but not subjective37 In what way is ethics similar to language
36、use?（A）Both have rules to determine the optimal choice under a circumstance.（B） Both vary according to the context they are applicable to.（C） Both are objective, not subjective, entities.（D）Similar sets of rules can be applied in quite different situations.38 What does the author mean by saying that
37、 we may learn moral principles “the hard way“?（A）We reevaluate our previously held beliefs as we grow older.（B） We refute some moral principles only after we find them inconsistent.（C） We acquire a sense of right and wrong from real life lessons.（D）We act by ignoring our inherited altruistic tendenc
38、ies.39 It is implied in the passage that a relativistic view of ethnics_.（A）can only be acquired after real life lessons（B） often generate unacceptable consequences（C） is more mature and rational（D）is too abstract to be of any practical value40 The author thinks that the true value of ethical theory
39、 lies in_.（A）its prescriptive power（B） its diagnostic function（C） its effectiveness in resolving moral dilemmas（D）its relevance to the situation41 It has long been the subject of speculation among the police and criminologists: what would happen if all the officers who now spend so much of their tim
40、e taking statements, profiling criminals and moving pieces of paper around were suddenly put on the streets? Crime figures released by Londons Metropolitan Police this week provide the best answer yet.Following the bombings of July 7th and 21st, thousands of police officers materialised on Londons p
41、avements, many of them sporting brightly coloured jackets. Drawn from all over the city, they were assigned to guard potential targets such as railway stations. The police presence was especially heavy in the bombed boroughs: Camden (which was struck three times), Hammersnrith and Fulham, Lamheth, T
42、ower Hamlets, Westminster and the City of London.The show of force did not just scare off terrorists. There was less crime in July than in May or June, which as unusual: the warmer month tends to bring out criminal tendencies, as windows are left open and alcohol is imbibed alfresco. But the chillin
43、g effect was much stronger in the six boroughs that were targeted by terrorists. There, overall crime was down by 12% compared with July 2004. In inner London as a whole, crime fell by 6%. But in outer London, where the blue line was thinner, it went up slightly.Simon Foy, who tracks such trends at
44、the Metropolitan Police, says that crime fell particularly steeply on the days of the attacks, partly because of the overwhelming police presence and partly because “even criminals were watching their televisions“. What is significant is that crime barely rose thereafter. That was a change from the
45、aftermath of September 11th 2001, when crime quickly soared just about everywherepossibly because officers were deployed only in the very centre of London.“The received wisdom among criminologists is that marginal changes in visible patrolling have little or no effect on crime,“ says Mike Hough, a c
46、riminologist at Kings College London. Julys experiment should put that argument to rest. Even if offenders do not make rational calculations about the odds of being caughtwhich was low both before and after the bombingsthey will be moved by a display of overwhelming force.41 What does the word “mate
47、rialise“ mean in the second paragraph?（A）bomb（B） investigate（C） provoke（D）appear42 Which of the following facts, according to third paragraph of the text, will be taken for granted by British?（A）The warmer month tends to result in criminal tendencies.（B） Crime went up slightly in July 2004.（C） The s
48、how of force did put an end to terrorists.（D）Bombings are inevitable in outer London.43 It can be inferred from the text that the crime occurrence may be associated with _.（A）the trends which can be tracks（B） the deployment of the blue line（C） the overwhelming presence of criminals in London（D）the n
49、umber of the days of terrorist attacks44 The authors attitude toward Mike Houghs remark is _.（A）consent（B） ambivalent（C） denial（D）approval45 Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（A）London Bombings Are Severe.（B） Terrorists Are Scared Off.（C） Terrorism Cuts Crime.（D）Marginal Changes Take Place.46 Joseph Rykwert entered his field when post-war modernist architecture
